Examkin

Soru

Zorluk: OrtaParallel Flaw

Any city that successfully implements a comprehensive public transit system will see a significant reduction in traffic congestion. Therefore, since the city of Oakhaven has recently seen a significant reduction in traffic congestion, it must have successfully implemented a comprehensive public transit system.

The flawed pattern of reasoning in the argument above is most similar to that in which one of the following?

  1. A
    Anyone who consumes a balanced diet will maintain a healthy immune system. Sarah does not consume a balanced diet, so she will not maintain a healthy immune system.
  2. B
    Any urban center that expands its highway network will experience increased maintenance costs. The urban center of Mapleton is expanding its highway network, so it will experience increased maintenance costs.
  3. All successful startup founders possess a high tolerance for risk. Thus, because Julian possesses a high tolerance for risk, he must be a successful startup founder.Cevap
  4. D
    Most directors who win major awards have backgrounds in independent film. Director Vance has a background in independent film, so she will likely win a major award.
  5. E
    The orchestra is composed entirely of world-class musicians. Therefore, the orchestra's upcoming performance will undoubtedly be a world-class performance.

Cevap

The option stating that Julian must be a successful startup founder because he possesses a high tolerance for risk.
The original argument commits an illegal reversal flaw: it treats a necessary condition (reduced congestion) as if it were a sufficient condition, arguing that because the result occurred, the specific trigger must have caused it. The correct option perfectly mirrors this structure by establishing that being a successful founder guarantees high risk tolerance, and then flawed inferences that Julian's high risk tolerance guarantees he is a successful founder.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the logical structure and identify the flaw in the stimulus argument.
The stimulus establishes a conditional premise: If a city implements a transit system (A), it sees reduced congestion (B). It then observes the result (B) and concludes the condition (A). This is an illegal reversal: assuming that a necessary condition is a sufficient one.
Correctly identifying the abstract structure of the flaw is required to find its parallel among the answer choices.
2
Evaluate the answer choices to find the one with the exact same structural flaw (Illegal Reversal: If A then B; B, therefore A).
The correct argument states: If one is a successful founder (A), one has high risk tolerance (B). Julian has high risk tolerance (B), therefore Julian is a successful founder (A).
Matching the abstract logical format ensures the correct answer contains an identical pattern of faulty reasoning, ignoring differences in subject matter.

Anahtar Kavram

Parallel Flaw - Illegal Reversal
Bu soruyu puanla

Konular

Parallel Flaw

Bu konudan daha fazla soru