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Zorluk: ZorParallel Flaw

Any viable long-term strategy for space exploration requires international cooperation. Therefore, because the newly proposed Mars initiative has secured unprecedented levels of international cooperation, the initiative is guaranteed to be a viable long-term strategy for space exploration.

Which of the following arguments contains a flawed pattern of reasoning most similar to the one exhibited in the argument above?

  1. Since the soil in the community plot has been heavily enriched with organic compost to ensure it is nutrient-dense, it will certainly yield a bountiful harvest. This follows from the fact that a bountiful harvest depends on nutrient-dense soil.Cevap
  2. B
    A visionary founder is guaranteed to lead a startup to success. Since the new technology venture lacks a visionary founder, it will undoubtedly fail to become a successful enterprise.
  3. C
    A viable long-term economic strategy requires a stable domestic currency. Therefore, because the proposed national budget fails to stabilize the currency, it cannot serve as a viable long-term strategy.
  4. D
    Hospitals with higher nurse-to-patient ratios consistently report shorter average patient recovery times. Therefore, hiring additional nursing staff is guaranteed to cause a reduction in recovery times.
  5. E
    Every musician selected for the newly formed symphony orchestra is a world-renowned soloist. Thus, the orchestra as a whole will inevitably deliver a flawless and cohesive performance.

Cevap

The correct choice is the argument discussing the community plot's nutrient-dense soil and bountiful harvest, because it perfectly replicates the illegal reversal flaw.
The stimulus argument exhibits a formal logic flaw by confusing a necessary condition with a sufficient condition (an illegal reversal). It establishes that international cooperation is necessary for a viable strategy, but then concludes that achieving international cooperation is sufficient to guarantee viability. The correct answer choice replicates this exact formal error, though it varies the sentence order. It establishes that a bountiful harvest depends on (requires) nutrient-dense soil, but flawed concludes that possessing nutrient-dense soil is sufficient to guarantee a bountiful harvest.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the logical structure and specific flaw in the stimulus.
The stimulus states: Viable Strategy -> Requires International Cooperation. It then concludes: Has International Cooperation -> Guaranteed Viable Strategy. This treats a necessary condition as a sufficient condition, a flaw known as an Illegal Reversal.
To find a parallel flaw, you must accurately extract the abstract conditional structure of the original argument.
2
Evaluate the answer choices to find an identical abstract logical structure.
The correct option states: Bountiful Harvest -> Depends on Nutrient-dense soil. It concludes: Has Nutrient-dense soil -> Guaranteed Bountiful Harvest. It exhibits the exact same Illegal Reversal flaw.
The correct answer must demonstrate the identical logical error, even if the premise and conclusion are presented in a different order.
3
Eliminate distractors based on differing logic types or valid reasoning.
The option concerning economic strategy is logically valid (contrapositive) and acts as a subject matter trap. The startup option is an illegal negation. The hospital option confuses correlation with causation, and the orchestra option is a part-to-whole flaw.
Parallel reasoning questions require a strict match of the logical error type. Superficial similarities in wording are often deliberately misleading.

Anahtar Kavram

Parallel Flaw - Confusing Necessary and Sufficient Conditions
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Parallel Flaw

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