Read the following excerpt regarding the historiography of the Nazca Lines, then match each scholar or entity to their corresponding view on the primary function of the geoglyphs.
For much of the twentieth century, the prevailing interpretation of the Nazca Lines was championed by Maria Reiche, who maintained that the massive geoglyphs served as a complex astronomical calendar aligned with celestial movements. This view went largely unquestioned until anthropologist Johan Reinhard proposed a socio-religious framework. Reinhard argued that the lines were not celestial observatories, but rather sacred processional paths utilized in rituals dedicated to mountain deities and water worship. Subsequently, hydrogeologist David Johnson introduced a strictly utilitarian theory, contending that the geoglyphs operated as a terrestrial map indicating the locations of subterranean aquifers. The author of the passage considers Johnson's cartographic theory overly literal but endorses Reinhard's fundamental premise, concluding that the lines represent an intrinsically religious undertaking animated by the vital necessity of water in an arid landscape.
- Maria ReicheThe geoglyphs were primarily designed to track and reflect the positions of celestial bodies.
- Johan ReinhardThe lines functioned as ceremonial routes used for religious rituals aimed at securing water.
- David JohnsonThe figures were created to serve as a practical, topographical guide to underground water resources.
- The author of the passageThe construction of the geoglyphs was motivated by spiritual concerns regarding water scarcity, rather than purely literal cartography.