Match each flawed argument stimulus to the abstract description of the logical error it commits.
- A recent industry survey revealed that tech companies that adopted open-plan offices over the last decade saw a 30 percent increase in overall employee productivity. Based on this data, it is clear that removing physical barriers like walls and cubicles directly causes employees to work more efficiently and collaborate better.Confuses a relationship where two phenomena occur together with one where one phenomenon brings about the other.
- The city's updated zoning regulations clearly stipulate that any commercial building designed by a registered architect will be approved for construction in the downtown sector. The new community recreation center was approved for construction there last month, so we can be certain that it must have been designed by a registered architect.Treats a condition that is sufficient to produce a given outcome as if it were necessary to produce that outcome.
- During her campaign, the mayoral candidate emphatically promised to bring unprecedented transparency to the local city council and its operations. Since she has installed floor-to-ceiling transparent glass for all the walls in her new executive office, she has clearly fulfilled her primary campaign promise to the voters.Relies on the illicit shifting of the meaning of a key term between the premises and the conclusion.
- An industry report noted that our company's overall market share in the competitive organic beverage sector increased from 10 percent to 20 percent during the third quarter. Therefore, we must have sold exactly twice as many beverage units this quarter as we did in the previous quarter.Illegitimately infers a claim about absolute quantities from evidence that pertains solely to proportions.
Cevap
The open-plan office argument matches the correlation/causation flaw; the zoning regulation argument matches the sufficient/necessary flaw; the campaign promise argument matches the equivocation flaw; and the beverage market share argument matches the proportion/quantity flaw.
Each flawed argument exhibits a classic LSAT logical vulnerability. The open-plan office argument commits a causal flaw. The zoning law argument commits a conditional logic flaw. The political promise argument equivocates on a word's meaning. The beverage company argument confuses percentages with absolute numbers.
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Anahtar Kavram
Identifying abstract patterns of flawed reasoning across different contexts
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