Evaluate the following short arguments, each of which commits a logical fallacy related to composition or division. Connect each specific argument to the precise theoretical description that best captures its flawed reasoning.
- Every dancer selected for the contemporary ballet troupe has won prestigious international solo competitions. Therefore, the troupe will inevitably deliver a flawless synchronized group performance.Concludes that a collective entity will excel at a joint task merely because its constituent members excel when acting independently.
- The multinational conglomerate is well-known for taking massive financial risks to secure market dominance. It follows that the company's entry-level accountants are encouraged to take massive financial risks.Assumes that a behavioral trait characteristic of a large organization as a unified entity is therefore characteristic of every individual acting within it.
- Each individual microchip in the server consumes only a negligible amount of electrical power. Consequently, the server assembly as a whole must be extremely energy-efficient.Ignores the possibility that a quantitative attribute applying to an individual component may not apply to the whole due to the cumulative effect of aggregation.
- The global agricultural sector has seen a twenty percent decline in overall water usage this year. Thus, independent farmer Jenkins must have used less water on his crops this year.Takes for granted that a macro-level statistical trend describing an overarching industry necessarily applies to a specific unit within that industry.
Cevap
The ballet troupe matches with the assumption regarding joint tasks. The multinational conglomerate matches with the assumption about organizational vs. individual traits. The server microchips match with the error regarding quantitative cumulative aggregation. The agricultural sector matches with the inappropriate application of a macro-level statistical trend.
Each argument commits a highly specific variant of a composition or division flaw. The ballet argument mistakes individual skill for team synergy (Qualitative Composition). The server argument ignores the mathematical reality of addition (Quantitative Composition). The conglomerate argument mistakes overarching corporate strategy for individual employee behavior (Qualitative Division). The farming argument mistakes a group average for an individual data point (Quantitative Division).
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Anahtar Kavram
Composition and Division (Part to Whole)