Read the following excerpt regarding the scholarly debate over the decline of the Indus Valley Civilization. Then, match each scholar or group to their specific viewpoint as explicitly attributed in the text.
"The decline of the Indus Valley Civilization around 1900 BCE has generated substantial scholarly debate. Early twentieth-century traditionalists asserted that external incursions by nomadic groups precipitously destroyed Harappan urban centers. Modern climatologist Sarah Jenkins, however, dismisses this narrative due to a lack of archaeological support, arguing instead that the collapse was primarily driven by a two-century-long megadrought that severely disrupted the monsoon cycle, thereby rendering the civilization’s agricultural base unsustainable. Taking a different approach, geoarchaeologist David Rao emphasizes fluvial dynamics over precipitation; he postulates that tectonic shifts diverted the courses of crucial rivers, starving the cities of their water supply regardless of overall regional rainfall levels. More recently, synthesis theorist Elena Rostova has rejected monocausal explanations. Rostova posits that while environmental fluctuations initiated agricultural stress, it was the subsequent dismantling of centralized trade networks—a process exacerbated by, but not exclusively dependent upon, these climate factors—that ultimately fractured Harappan society."
- Early twentieth-century traditionalistsSudden migrations or conflicts with outside groups served as the immediate cause of the destruction of urban settlements.
- Sarah JenkinsA sustained disruption of seasonal rainfall patterns fundamentally undermined the region's agricultural viability.
- David RaoSeismic activity altered the flow of vital waterways, depriving urban centers of water independently of precipitation variations.
- Elena RostovaEcological challenges catalyzed a fatal deterioration of interconnected commercial and economic systems.