Tüm alıştırma soruları

2933 soru

Soru 241Soru →

Prior to entering the room of a client diagnosed with varicella, a nurse gathers the necessary personal protective equipment (PPE). Arrange the following donning steps in the correct sequence according to standard guidelines.

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Cevap

The correct sequence for donning full PPE is to first secure the isolation gown, followed by applying the N95 respirator, then positioning the eye protection, and finally extending the gloves over the gown cuffs.
According to standardized infection control guidelines, the proper sequence for donning full PPE begins with the gown to protect clothing, followed by the mask or respirator to protect the airway. Eye protection is added next, and gloves are donned last to ensure they cover the gown's cuffs, maintaining a continuous protective barrier.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Don the isolation gown.
The torso and clothing are covered.
The gown is the largest item and provides the foundational barrier for the body. It must be secured first.
2
Don the N95 respirator.
The respiratory tract is protected.
Applying the respirator before eye protection ensures the straps rest smoothly on the head and do not interfere with the goggles or face shield.
3
Don eye protection.
The eyes and face are protected from potential splashes or sprays.
Eye protection is placed over the mask or respirator, completing the facial barrier.
4
Don clean gloves.
The hands are covered, and the wrists are sealed.
Gloves must go on last so they can be extended over the gown cuffs, preventing any exposed skin at the wrists.

Anahtar Kavram

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) sequence for donning personal protective equipment (PPE).
Tahmini Süre:1m 0s
Soru 242Soru →

A practical nurse is preparing to administer morning medications to a group of assigned clients. Which of the following actions by the nurse demonstrate safe pharmacological practice? Select all that apply.

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

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Cevap: Verifying a client's identity by checking their identification band and asking them to state their full name and date of birth.; Withholding a scheduled dose of oral morphine for a client who has a resting respiratory rate of 10 breaths per minute and notifying the registered nurse.; Reviewing a client's most recent serum potassium level prior to administering a scheduled daily dose of oral digoxin.

Cevap

The correct actions are verifying identity with two unique identifiers, withholding the opioid for bradypnea (respiratory rate < 12), and checking the potassium level before giving digoxin.
Verifying identity with two unique identifiers, withholding opioids for respiratory depression (rate < 12), and monitoring potassium levels before digoxin administration all represent safe, within-scope pharmacological practices that protect the client from harm.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Evaluate the action of verifying identity with two identifiers.
This action is correct and required.
It ensures the right medication is given to the right client, fulfilling a core right of medication administration.
2
Evaluate the action of withholding morphine for a respiratory rate of 10.
This action is a correct safety intervention.
Opioids depress the respiratory drive. A rate below 12 breaths per minute warrants withholding the drug and notifying the RN.
3
Evaluate the action of administering an IV push medication.
This action is inappropriate.
IV push administration falls outside the practical nurse's scope of practice, regardless of the severity of the client's symptoms.
4
Evaluate the action of leaving medication at the bedside.
This action violates safe medication administration rules.
The nurse cannot verify that the correct client took the medication at the scheduled time if it is left unattended.
5
Evaluate the action of reviewing the potassium level before digoxin administration.
This action is a correct and necessary precaution.
Low potassium levels can precipitate dangerous digoxin toxicity, making this a vital pre-administration data collection step.
6
Evaluate the action of giving a live vaccine to a client on corticosteroids.
This action is contraindicated.
Clients on immunosuppressive therapy cannot safely receive live attenuated vaccines due to the risk of active infection.

Anahtar Kavram

Safe Medication Administration and Scope of Practice
Soru 243Soru →

A practical nurse is caring for a client who is receiving a continuous intravenous heparin infusion for a deep vein thrombosis. The client's baseline vital signs at the start of the shift were: heart rate 74/min and blood pressure 128/78 mm Hg. The nurse notes the current vital signs are: heart rate 114/min and blood pressure 102/64 mm Hg. Morning laboratory results indicate an activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) of 68 seconds and a hemoglobin level of 10.8 g/dL, which is a decrease from 13.2 g/dL the previous day. The client also reports a new, continuous, dull ache in the lower back. Which action should the nurse take first?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Notify the registered nurse immediately regarding the assessment findings.

Cevap

The correct action is to notify the registered nurse immediately regarding the assessment findings.
The client is exhibiting classic signs of a retroperitoneal bleed, a severe complication of anticoagulant therapy. The combination of new-onset lower back pain (referred pain from blood pooling), tachycardia, mild hypotension, and a significant drop in hemoglobin indicates internal hemorrhage. Even though the aPTT is in the expected therapeutic range, bleeding can still occur. The practical nurse must immediately escalate these findings to the registered nurse to initiate rapid medical intervention.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the client's vital signs and physical complaints.
The client exhibits new-onset tachycardia, a downward trend in blood pressure, and a new dull ache in the lower back.
To identify any acute deviations from baseline that could indicate a complication of therapy.
2
Correlate the physical assessment findings with the laboratory results and current medications.
The client is on a high-alert anticoagulant (heparin) and has experienced a significant drop in hemoglobin (2.4 g/dL decrease) over 24 hours.
To recognize physiological patterns indicating adverse effects, such as internal bleeding.
3
Synthesize the collected data to identify the specific potential risk.
The combination of back pain, dropping hemoglobin, and early signs of shock strongly suggests a retroperitoneal hemorrhage.
Retroperitoneal bleeding is a known, life-threatening complication of systemic anticoagulation that often presents with insidious flank or back pain.
4
Determine the appropriate scope of practice and priority nursing action.
The practical nurse must immediately escalate these critical findings to the registered nurse.
Life-threatening complications require immediate RN assessment and provider intervention to stop the bleeding and stabilize the client.

Anahtar Kavram

Early recognition and escalation of anticoagulant-induced hemorrhage
Soru 244Soru →

An 82-year-old client is being treated on the medical-surgical unit for a severe lower respiratory tract infection. During afternoon rounds, a visiting family member tells the practical nurse (PN) that the client seems "much more restless and confused" compared to the morning. Which subsequent assessment findings should the PN identify as early warning signs of systemic hypoperfusion or impending shock? Select all that apply.

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

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Cevap: Inability to identify their current location, which represents a change from the morning assessment; A resting apical heart rate that has steadily climbed to 114 beats per minute; A decrease in systolic blood pressure of 25 mm Hg from the admission baseline

Cevap

The early warning signs of systemic hypoperfusion include a change in mental status (disorientation), an increasing resting heart rate (tachycardia), and a significant relative decrease in systolic blood pressure.
Early physiological adaptation to shock involves sympathetic nervous system activation, leading to tachycardia as the body attempts to maintain cardiac output. As compensation begins to fail, the systolic blood pressure drops (even if not yet strictly hypotensive, a relative drop of 25 mm Hg is significant). Furthermore, the brain is highly sensitive to hypoperfusion and hypoxia, meaning sudden confusion or restlessness is a critical, early sign of decompensation, particularly in older adults.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the client's clinical presentation and age.
The client is an 82-year-old with a severe infection who is exhibiting new-onset restlessness and confusion.
Older adults often present atypically with infections or shock. Changes in mentation are frequently the earliest indicators of physiological compromise.
2
Evaluate the hemodynamic parameters for signs of compensation.
A rising heart rate (114 bpm) and dropping systolic blood pressure (decrease of 25 mm Hg) are identified.
The body attempts to maintain cardiac output by increasing heart rate. A dropping blood pressure indicates that these compensatory mechanisms are beginning to fail.
3
Differentiate between expected localized symptoms and acute systemic deterioration.
Chest discomfort during coughing and a urine output of 340 mL over 8 hours are identified as expected or normal findings.
Pleuritic pain is expected with a respiratory infection, and an output of over 30 mL/hr demonstrates adequate renal perfusion, ruling them out as signs of shock.

Anahtar Kavram

Recognition of early hemodynamic compromise and hypoperfusion in older adults, prioritizing ABCs over expected localized symptoms.
Soru 245Soru →

A practical nurse (PN) is caring for a client who had a vaginal delivery two hours ago. The client's heart rate is 116 beats per minute, and blood pressure is 94/58 mm Hg. The client is restless and states, "I feel very lightheaded." Which action should the PN take first?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Palpate the client's uterine fundus and evaluate the amount of vaginal bleeding

Cevap

The practical nurse should first palpate the client's uterine fundus and evaluate the amount of vaginal bleeding.
The client is exhibiting classic signs of early hypovolemic shock (tachycardia, hypotension, restlessness, lightheadedness). In the immediate postpartum period, the most common cause is uterine atony leading to hemorrhage. The practical nurse must immediately assess the fundus and vaginal bleeding to determine if hemorrhage is occurring, which addresses the 'Circulation' priority of the ABC framework.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the client's clinical presentation.
The client has tachycardia (116 bpm), low blood pressure (94/58 mm Hg), restlessness, and lightheadedness two hours after birth.
Recognizing abnormal vital signs is the first step in identifying physiological instability.
2
Correlate the findings with potential postpartum complications.
These symptoms are classic early indicators of hypovolemic shock, likely due to postpartum hemorrhage.
Connecting data to potential risks guides the nurse toward the correct priority action.
3
Determine the priority nursing intervention using the ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) framework.
Assessing the uterine fundus and lochia addresses Circulation by identifying the source of potential blood loss.
Immediate assessment of the circulatory status takes precedence over routine documentation, pain management, or providing reassurance.

Anahtar Kavram

Prioritization of Circulation in Postpartum Hemorrhage
Soru 246Soru →

Upon completing routine hygienic care for a client under strict contact and droplet protocols for an adenovirus infection, a practical nurse must remove all worn personal protective equipment (PPE). The nurse is currently wearing a surgical mask, a face shield, a fluid-resistant gown, and gloves. To adhere to standard infection control practices, in what chronological order should the nurse remove these items?

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Cevap: Peel off the gloves, carefully remove the face shield, unfasten and remove the gown, and lastly take off the surgical mask.

Cevap

The correct sequence is to peel off the gloves, carefully remove the face shield, unfasten and remove the gown, and lastly take off the surgical mask.
According to standard CDC infection control guidelines, the correct sequence for removing personal protective equipment (PPE) is to remove the most contaminated items first. Gloves are considered the most contaminated and must be removed first. Next, the face shield or goggles should be removed by handling the clean headband or earpieces. The gown is then unfastened and pulled away from the body, rolling it inside out. Finally, the surgical mask is removed by handling only the ties or elastic bands to protect the respiratory tract throughout the process. Hand hygiene must be performed immediately after PPE removal.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the primary principle of PPE removal.
The most heavily contaminated items must be removed first to prevent self-contamination.
Pathogens are most concentrated on the items that had direct physical contact with the client or their immediate environment.
2
Determine the most contaminated item.
Gloves touch the client and environment directly, making them the most contaminated.
Therefore, gloves must be removed first.
3
Determine the subsequent order based on contamination levels and anatomical safety.
After gloves, the face shield is removed, followed by the gown, and finally the mask.
The mask protects the respiratory tract and should be removed last, handling only the ties, to minimize the risk of inhaling pathogens during the doffing process.

Anahtar Kavram

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Doffing Sequence
Tahmini Süre:1m 0s
Soru 247Soru →

A practical nurse is preparing to administer a scheduled morning dose of oral clozapine to a client diagnosed with schizophrenia. Prior to administration, the nurse reviews the client's most recent complete blood count (CBC) results, which indicate a white blood cell (WBC) count of 2,800/mm32,800/\text{mm}^3 and an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of 900/mm3900/\text{mm}^3. Which of the following is the most appropriate action by the nurse?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Withhold the dose of clozapine and immediately report the laboratory results to the registered nurse.

Cevap

The nurse should withhold the medication and report the critical laboratory results to the registered nurse.
Clozapine can cause severe agranulocytosis. An ANC below 1,000/mm31,000/\text{mm}^3 indicates severe neutropenia. The standard protocol requires withholding the medication and immediately notifying the provider or registered nurse to initiate protective precautions and alternative treatment.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the laboratory values.
The WBC count is 2,800/mm32,800/\text{mm}^3 (normal is typically 4,5004,500 to 11,000/mm311,000/\text{mm}^3) and the ANC is 900/mm3900/\text{mm}^3 (normal is greater than 1,500/mm31,500/\text{mm}^3).
Identifying abnormal laboratory results is essential before administering medications that can affect blood cell counts.
2
Correlate the laboratory findings with the prescribed medication.
Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic known to cause agranulocytosis (severe neutropenia), which is life-threatening.
Understanding the adverse effects of clozapine guides safe administration practices.
3
Determine the appropriate nursing intervention based on scope of practice.
The nurse must withhold the medication and escalate the critical findings to the supervising registered nurse or healthcare provider.
Administering the medication could lead to fatal infection, and adjusting the dose or bypassing escalation is outside the practical nurse's scope.

Anahtar Kavram

Clozapine requires strict monitoring of WBC and ANC due to the risk of agranulocytosis; critical lows require withholding the drug and immediate escalation.
Soru 248Soru →

A practical nurse and a registered nurse are reviewing the daily census on a pediatric medical unit to determine task distribution. Which of the following assignments is within the scope of practice for the practical nurse to accept?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Performing a routine sterile dressing change on a preschooler's healing abdominal incision

Cevap

Performing a routine sterile dressing change on a preschooler's healing abdominal incision
The practical nurse scope of practice includes performing standard technical skills, such as routine sterile dressing changes, on stable clients. This task involves following established protocols and does not require complex assessment or initial teaching, making it a safe and appropriate assignment.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Review the principles of safe assignment and the standard scope of practice for a practical nurse (PN).
The PN scope generally includes gathering data, reinforcing teaching, and performing standard procedures on stable clients.
Understanding legal and professional boundaries is necessary to safely accept or decline care assignments.
2
Analyze each proposed task to identify those that require registered nurse (RN) or provider-level interventions.
Initial teaching, care plan formulation, and explaining surgical risks are identified as out of scope for the PN.
These tasks involve complex assessment, independent clinical judgment, or provider responsibilities.
3
Identify the task that aligns with the PN's technical skills and does not require initial comprehensive assessment.
The sterile dressing change on a healing incision is the only appropriate task.
This is a predictable, protocol-driven procedure on a stable client, making it safe for the PN to accept.

Anahtar Kavram

Practical Nurse Scope of Practice and Task Acceptance
Soru 249Soru →

A practical nurse is planning immediate post-procedure care for a client who has just returned to the unit following a percutaneous liver biopsy. Which nursing action correctly mitigates the risk of a severe complication?

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Cevap: Positioning the client on their right side with a rolled towel placed directly under the biopsy site.

Cevap

Positioning the client in a right lateral decubitus position with a rolled towel under the puncture site to apply direct hemostatic pressure.
The liver is highly vascular, making hemorrhage the most significant risk following a percutaneous liver biopsy. Positioning the client on their right side (right lateral decubitus position) with a rolled towel or small pillow under the puncture site uses the client's own body weight to apply direct, continuous pressure to the liver capsule. This mechanical compression promotes hemostasis and minimizes the risk of internal bleeding.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the primary complication risk following a percutaneous liver biopsy.
The liver is a highly vascular organ, making severe internal hemorrhage the most critical and immediate post-procedure risk.
Recognizing the specific procedural complication allows the nurse to prioritize targeted preventative interventions.
2
Determine the anatomical location of the liver and the mechanism required to achieve hemostasis.
The liver is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen; applying external, mechanical pressure to this area promotes blood clotting at the puncture site.
Direct mechanical pressure compresses the bleeding vessels, significantly reducing the risk of hemorrhage.
3
Select the nursing intervention that effectively applies continuous pressure to the biopsy site.
Positioning the client in a right lateral decubitus (right side-lying) position with a towel or small pillow under the site utilizes the client's own body weight to maintain necessary pressure.
This evidence-based positioning directly mitigates the risk of life-threatening bleeding without requiring constant manual pressure by the nurse.

Anahtar Kavram

Post-procedure liver biopsy positioning for hemostasis
Tahmini Süre:1m 30s
Soru 250Soru →

A practical nurse (PN) is preparing to collect an aerobic wound culture from a client's stage 3 pressure injury. To ensure accurate laboratory results and reduce the risk of specimen contamination, arrange the following actions in the correct chronological sequence.

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Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

The correct chronological sequence is: 1) Remove the soiled dressing, 2) Cleanse the wound bed with sterile normal saline, 3) Rotate a sterile swab over granulation tissue, 4) Place the swab into the sterile transport tube, and 5) Label the specimen container at the bedside.
The correct sequence ensures the culture reflects the true infectious organism rather than surface flora. Removing the dressing allows for assessment. Cleansing the wound prior to swabbing is a critical risk-reduction step to eliminate surface exudate. The swab is then applied to healthy granulation tissue, immediately placed in a transport medium to protect the sample, and labeled at the bedside to prevent identification errors.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Remove the soiled dressing and assess the wound bed.
The wound is exposed for evaluation.
Allows the nurse to observe the wound's status before initiating the collection procedure.
2
Cleanse the wound bed with sterile normal saline.
Surface exudate and normal flora are washed away.
Prevents the culture from growing surface contaminants that do not represent the actual tissue infection.
3
Rotate a sterile swab over an area of healthy granulation tissue.
A sample of the infecting microorganism is obtained.
Pathogens actively causing infection are most concentrated in viable, granulating tissue.
4
Place the culture swab securely into the sterile transport tube.
The specimen is sealed in a supportive medium.
Protects the aerobic bacteria from dying or being contaminated by the external environment.
5
Label the specimen container in the presence of the client.
The specimen is correctly identified with the client's information.
Bedside labeling is a standard safety practice to eliminate the risk of sample mix-ups.

Anahtar Kavram

Proper specimen collection techniques for aerobic wound cultures to reduce the risk of inaccurate laboratory data.
Soru 251Soru →

A practical nurse is managing communications at the nurses' station and receives several inquiries regarding clients. Match each request for information with the legally and ethically appropriate nursing action.

Soldaki öğeye tıklayın, sonra eşleşen sağdaki öğeye tıklayın

Öğeler

An individual calls, states they are the client's clergy member, asks for the client by name, and requests their room number. The client has agreed to be listed in the facility directory.
A law enforcement officer arrives at the station demanding the blood alcohol test results of a client involved in a collision, without presenting a warrant or court order.
A social worker from the rehabilitation facility where the client is being transferred later today calls to verify the client's current medication list.
A nursing assistant who bathed the client during yesterday's shift, but is floating to a different floor today, calls to ask if the client's pain is better.

Eşleşmeler

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

The appropriate actions are: Clergy request matches allowing directory disclosure; Police request matches denying without legal authorization; Transfer facility request matches sharing for continuity of care; Floating nursing assistant request matches withholding due to lack of current need-to-know.
Each scenario represents a distinct rule under HIPAA. Directory disclosures are permitted unless restricted. Treatment operations allow provider-to-provider sharing. Law enforcement requires legal documentation. Staff access is restricted strictly to current clinical need.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Evaluate the clergy member's request.
Matches with providing the detail.
The client is in the facility directory, which permits releasing basic location information to someone asking by name.
2
Evaluate the law enforcement officer's demand.
Matches with denying the request without legal authorization.
Blood alcohol results are protected; police need a warrant, court order, or client consent to access this specific medical record.
3
Evaluate the rehabilitation social worker's request.
Matches with sharing the information for continuity of care.
Healthcare providers are permitted to share necessary information to facilitate treatment and safe transfer to another facility.
4
Evaluate the floating nursing assistant's question.
Matches with withholding the information.
Staff members are only permitted to access or receive client information if it is necessary for their current job duties (need-to-know principle).

Anahtar Kavram

HIPAA Permitted Disclosures and the Need-to-Know Principle
Soru 252Soru →

A practical nurse (PN) is prioritizing tasks and reviewing client needs at the start of a shift on a medical-surgical unit. Which planned action by the PN is appropriate and falls within their established scope of practice?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Acting as a witness to a client's signature on an informed consent form after the healthcare provider has discussed the procedure.

Cevap

Acting as a witness to a client's signature on an informed consent form after the healthcare provider has discussed the procedure.
The correct action demonstrates an accurate understanding of the PN's role in the informed consent process. The healthcare provider is responsible for explaining the procedure, while the PN may legally serve as a witness to the client's signature.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the PN's scope of practice regarding client stability.
The PN is authorized to care for stable clients with predictable outcomes. A client with sudden hypotension and tachycardia is unstable and must be reassigned to a Registered Nurse.
To eliminate tasks that require RN-level comprehensive assessment and clinical judgment.
2
Evaluate the PN's role in the informed consent process.
The healthcare provider explains the procedure, risks, and alternatives. The PN may only serve as a witness to confirm that the client signed voluntarily.
To distinguish between provider responsibilities and nursing scope regarding consent.
3
Assess the boundaries of client confidentiality in delegation.
Medical information must only be shared with healthcare team members who are directly involved in that specific client's care on a strictly 'need-to-know' basis.
To identify actions that violate privacy laws and established confidentiality standards.

Anahtar Kavram

The practical nurse's scope of practice is limited to stable clients with predictable outcomes, reinforcing teaching, witnessing consent signatures, and strictly maintaining confidentiality among direct care providers.
Tahmini Süre:1m 0s
Soru 253Soru →

While responding to a call light for a client on strict contact and droplet isolation, a practical nurse gathers the required protective garments: a fluid-impermeable gown, a procedural mask, face goggles, and clean nitrile gloves. In what specific order should the nurse apply these items to establish an effective barrier?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Fasten the fluid-impermeable gown, secure the procedural mask, position the face goggles, and apply the nitrile gloves.

Cevap

The correct sequence is to first don the gown, followed by the mask, then the goggles, and finally the gloves.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) infection control protocols, the gown is donned first to cover the torso and uniform. The mask is applied next to protect the respiratory tract, followed by eyewear to protect the mucous membranes of the eyes. Gloves are applied last so they can be pulled tightly over the cuffs of the gown, creating a continuous, unbroken barrier.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the goal of donning personal protective equipment (PPE).
The goal is to protect the healthcare worker's clothing and mucous membranes while ensuring the gloves remain clean for patient contact.
Understanding the purpose of each barrier dictates the logical sequence of application.
2
Recall the CDC-recommended sequence for donning PPE.
The standardized order is: Gown, Mask or Respirator, Goggles or Face Shield, and Gloves.
This sequence ensures the largest item (gown) is secured first, followed by facial protection, ending with gloves that are pulled over the gown cuffs to seal the barrier.

Anahtar Kavram

Standardized PPE Donning Sequence
Tahmini Süre:1m 0s
Soru 254Soru →

Upon arriving for a shift on a medical-surgical unit, a practical nurse reviews the shift roster and discovers they have been assigned a client who is hemodynamically unstable and requires continuous titration of intravenous vasoactive medications. Arrange the actions the practical nurse should take in the correct chronological order to safely manage this assignment conflict.

Öğeleri doğru sıraya koymak için sürükleyin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

The correct sequence of actions is: 1) Identify that the assignment exceeds the scope of practice, 2) Verbalize the concern to the charge nurse, 3) Collaborate to reassign the unstable client, and 4) Accept a modified, safe assignment.
A practical nurse is legally responsible for accepting only those assignments that align with their educational preparation, experience, and the state's Nurse Practice Act. When presented with an unsafe or out-of-scope assignment, the nurse must first recognize the limitation, then follow the chain of command by notifying the charge nurse immediately. Resolving the issue collaboratively ensures the unstable client receives appropriate care from a registered nurse, allowing the practical nurse to accept a modified, safe assignment and provide competent care.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the assignment against the legal scope of practice.
The nurse determines that an unstable client needing continuous IV vasoactive medications requires registered nurse (RN) level assessment and intervention.
Nurses are legally obligated to refuse tasks or assignments that fall outside their licensure or competency.
2
Initiate the chain of command.
The nurse informs the charge nurse about the specific limitation and safety risk.
Communication with the assigner must happen immediately so alternative arrangements can be made before care is delayed.
3
Engage in collaborative problem-solving.
The unstable client is reallocated to an RN's assignment.
Client safety is the priority, requiring appropriate distribution of unit resources based on acuity.
4
Assume responsibility for a safe assignment.
The practical nurse takes on an assignment of stable clients.
Once the assignment aligns with the practical nurse's scope and abilities, care can safely commence.

Anahtar Kavram

Safe Assignment Acceptance and Delegation
Soru 255Soru →

A practical nurse is preparing to provide nasotracheal suctioning for an infant infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Based on the precautions required for this pathogen and procedure, arrange the personal protective equipment (PPE) donning steps in the correct chronological order from first to last.

Öğeleri doğru sıraya koymak için sürükleyin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

The correct sequence for donning the required PPE is: Hand hygiene, Gown, Mask, Eyewear, and finally Gloves.
According to standard infection control guidelines, the proper chronological sequence for donning personal protective equipment begins with hand hygiene to prevent contamination. Next, the isolation gown is applied as it covers the torso and clothing. Then, the respiratory protection (such as a surgical mask) is secured, followed by eye protection (goggles or a face shield) which rests over the mask. Finally, gloves are put on last so their cuffs can securely stretch over and cover the sleeves of the isolation gown.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the required transmission-based precautions for the scenario.
RSV requires Contact and Droplet precautions; the procedure (nasotracheal suctioning) adds a high risk of body fluid splashing.
Determines the full set of protective equipment needed (gown, mask, eyewear, and gloves).
2
Apply the standardized sequence for donning PPE.
The established sequence is: Hand hygiene -> Gown -> Mask -> Eyewear -> Gloves.
Following the correct chronological order prevents self-contamination and ensures proper barrier overlapping, such as gloves securing the gown cuffs.

Anahtar Kavram

Standard and Transmission-Based Precautions: Proper PPE Donning Sequence
Soru 256Soru →

During the second post-operative day after a right below-the-knee amputation, the practical nurse is planning positioning strategies for the client. Which specific action should the nurse implement to prevent the development of a hip flexion contracture?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Assist the client into a prone position for 30 minutes three to four times daily.

Cevap

Assist the client into a prone position for 30 minutes three to four times daily.
Placing the client in a prone position for 20 to 30 minutes several times a day fully extends the hip joints. This stretches the hip flexor muscles, which is the most effective basic care measure to prevent flexion contractures following a lower extremity amputation. Contractures can severely impede the future fitting and use of a prosthetic limb.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the clinical scenario to identify the client's primary risk.
The client is 48 hours post-operative from a lower extremity amputation and is at high risk for hip flexion contractures due to muscle shortening.
Identifying the specific post-operative complication allows the nurse to select the correct preventive basic care measure.
2
Evaluate the anatomical effect of each positioning option on the hip joint.
Lying prone fully extends the hip joint, while elevating the limb or sitting upright promotes hip flexion.
The intervention must actively stretch the hip flexors to counteract the natural tendency to pull the limb into a bent, flexed position.

Anahtar Kavram

Proper post-operative positioning to prevent hip flexion contractures following lower extremity amputation.
Soru 257Soru →

A practical nurse (PN) is collecting data on a client who is 4 hours post-operative following a total thyroidectomy. Which of the following assessment findings indicate a potential critical complication requiring immediate escalation to the registered nurse (RN)? (Select all that apply.)

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Client reports new onset of numbness and tingling around the mouth.; A high-pitched, harsh respiratory sound heard during inspiration.; Client exhibits frequent swallowing and continuous throat clearing.

Cevap

The correct findings requiring escalation are: numbness and tingling around the mouth, a high-pitched respiratory sound on inspiration, and frequent swallowing.
Following a thyroidectomy, the most critical risks are airway obstruction (evidenced by stridor), postoperative hemorrhage causing hematoma (evidenced by frequent swallowing as blood pools), and hypocalcemia from parathyroid damage (evidenced by circumoral paresthesia). These findings signify potential life-threatening emergencies that require immediate escalation to the RN for rapid intervention.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the surgical procedure and its specific risks.
Total thyroidectomy carries high risks for airway compromise (due to neck swelling or hematoma) and hypocalcemia (due to parathyroid gland damage).
Identifying procedural risks helps distinguish between expected postoperative findings and emergent complications.
2
Evaluate each finding against known airway complications.
Stridor (harsh respiratory sound) indicates airway obstruction, and frequent swallowing indicates internal bleeding/hematoma formation. Both require immediate escalation.
Airway patency is the highest priority (ABC framework) in post-operative care.
3
Evaluate each finding against known metabolic complications.
Numbness and tingling around the mouth (circumoral paresthesia) is a classic early sign of hypocalcemia. A calcium level of 9.2 mg/dL is normal.
Prompt recognition of hypocalcemia prevents progression to tetany or seizures.
4
Identify expected postoperative findings.
Mild pain (4/10) and small amounts of serosanguineous drainage (15 mL) are normal and do not require emergency escalation.
Differentiating normal recovery from complications prevents inappropriate escalation of care.

Anahtar Kavram

Postoperative monitoring for a thyroidectomy requires vigilant assessment for airway compromise (stridor, hematoma) and parathyroid damage (hypocalcemia).
Soru 258Soru →

A practical nurse (PN) is preparing to transfer a client with left-sided hemiplegia from a bed to a wheelchair using a portable mechanical sling lift. The client has a history of unpredictable agitation. Which of the following actions by the PN demonstrates safe equipment use and adherence to standards of care?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Opening the base legs of the mechanical lift to their widest position prior to lifting the client

Cevap

The correct action is to expand the base legs of the mechanical lift to their widest position before initiating the lift.
Expanding the base legs of a portable mechanical lift is a critical ergonomic and safety step. By widening the base, the nurse increases the equipment's base of support and stabilizes its center of gravity. This action significantly reduces the risk of the lift tipping over when the client's weight is suspended, ensuring a safe transfer.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the equipment safety principles for a portable mechanical sling lift.
A wider base of support increases stability and lowers the center of gravity.
This prevents the heavy equipment from tipping over while bearing the client's weight.
2
Evaluate the distractors against PN scope of practice and safety protocols.
Lifting too high creates instability. Applying restraints without trying alternatives violates safety protocols. Initial assessments are outside the PN scope.
Identifying these violations confirms that adjusting the lift's base is the only safe and appropriate action.

Anahtar Kavram

Ergonomics and Safe Use of Equipment
Soru 259Soru →

A practical nurse is preparing to provide oral hygiene to a client who is comatose following a traumatic brain injury. Arrange the following actions in the order the nurse should perform them to ensure client safety and comfort. All options must be used.

Öğeleri doğru sıraya koymak için sürükleyin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

The correct sequence is to first position the client laterally, then place the towel and basin, insert the padded tongue blade, cleanse the mouth while suctioning, and finally apply lip lubricant.
When providing oral hygiene to an unconscious or comatose client, the greatest risk is aspiration of fluids or secretions into the lungs because the client lacks an intact swallowing and gag reflex. Therefore, the nurse must first turn the client to a lateral (side-lying) position so that fluids naturally drain out of the mouth. Once the airway is protected, the nurse prepares the area with a towel and basin. A padded tongue blade is then used to safely keep the mouth open without risking injury. The nurse cleans the mouth while immediately suctioning any fluids to further prevent aspiration. Finally, water-soluble lubricant is applied to protect the lips from drying and cracking.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Determine the highest priority action based on the client's neurological status.
Positioning the client in a lateral (side-lying) position is identified as the first and most critical step.
A comatose client lacks an intact gag reflex. Airway protection is the absolute priority; the lateral position allows fluids to drain out of the mouth by gravity, preventing aspiration.
2
Identify the preparatory steps for the procedure.
Placing a towel and emesis basin is identified as the second step.
After the client is in a safe position, the nurse protects the client's gown and bed linens from secretions and cleaning solutions.
3
Determine the safest method to access the oral cavity.
Inserting a padded tongue blade is selected as the third step.
Unconscious clients may reflexively bite down. The nurse must never insert fingers into the client's mouth. A padded tongue blade safely keeps the mouth open for cleaning.
4
Sequence the core intervention of oral care.
Cleansing the oral cavity while actively suctioning is identified as the fourth step.
Once the mouth is safely open, the nurse cleans the teeth and gums. Continuous or frequent suctioning is required to remove introduced fluids and loosened secretions.
5
Identify the final comfort measure.
Applying a water-soluble lubricant to the lips is the final step.
After the oral cavity is cleaned and secretions are removed, applying lubricant prevents drying, cracking, and potential tissue breakdown of the lips.

Anahtar Kavram

Airway protection and aspiration prevention during dependent oral care
Soru 260Soru →

A 78-year-old client who is two days post-operative suddenly becomes extremely agitated, disoriented, and repeatedly attempts to pull off their surgical dressing. Which actions should the practical nurse implement to prevent injury and promote client safety? Select all that apply.

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Relocate the client to a room that is highly visible from the nurses' station.; Evaluate the client's vital signs and oxygen saturation levels.; Request that a familiar family member stay at the bedside to provide calm reassurance.

Cevap

The correct actions are to relocate the client closer to the nurses' station, evaluate vital signs and oxygen saturation, and request a family member to stay at the bedside.
The correct actions prioritize a safe environment using the least restrictive methods possible. Relocating the client to a visible room and having family present provide necessary supervision and comfort without physical restriction. Additionally, sudden agitation and confusion are often the first signs of physiological decline (such as hypoxia or infection) in older adults, making the assessment of vital signs and oxygenation a critical priority.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the immediate safety risk.
The agitated client is at risk of harming themselves by pulling off their surgical dressing.
Recognizing the risk guides the selection of interventions that protect the client while honoring their rights.
2
Select least-restrictive interventions.
Moving the client to a visible room and asking family to stay at the bedside are chosen.
Restraints must always be a last resort. Continuous observation and environmental modifications safely manage behavior without restricting freedom.
3
Investigate physiological causes of sudden behavioral changes.
Vital signs and oxygen saturation are evaluated.
Acute confusion (delirium) in older adults is frequently caused by hypoxia, infection, or physiological distress, requiring immediate clinical assessment rather than assumption of age-related cognitive decline.

Anahtar Kavram

Prioritizing least-restrictive safety measures and investigating physiological causes for acute confusion.
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Tüm alıştırma soruları — NCLEX-PN | Examkin