Tüm alıştırma soruları

3881 soru

Soru 1161Soru →

An adult client recovering from a traumatic brain injury is experiencing severe psychomotor agitation and repeatedly attempts to remove their nasogastric feeding tube. The nurse is implementing measures to protect the medical device while adhering to safety guidelines. Arrange the following interventions in the correct sequence from least restrictive to most restrictive.

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Cevap

The correct sequence of interventions from least restrictive to most restrictive is: Assess for physiological triggers, provide a diversionary activity, camouflage the medical tubing, initiate continuous observation, and finally apply prescribed soft mitt restraints.
In accordance with safety and legal guidelines, restraints must be the intervention of last resort. The nurse must systematically exhaust less restrictive alternatives, beginning with physiological assessment to rule out treatable causes of delirium, progressing through environmental modifications and camouflaging devices, moving to direct human supervision, and only applying physical restraints when all other methods have proven ineffective.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the clinical scenario.
The client is experiencing psychomotor agitation and attempting to remove an essential medical device, requiring interventions to protect the device while honoring client rights.
Establishing the clinical priority determines the trajectory of nursing care.
2
Apply the principle of the least restrictive alternative.
Interventions must progress from non-invasive, autonomous actions to increasingly restrictive measures.
Federal regulations and nursing standards mandate that restraints are an intervention of strict last resort.
3
Sequence the interventions based on the restriction hierarchy.
Assessment must precede environmental modification, followed by device camouflage, human supervision, and ultimately physical restraint application.
This sequence systematically rules out physiological causes and attempts all less restrictive measures before limiting the client's physical freedom.

Anahtar Kavram

Least Restrictive Restraint Alternatives
Soru 1162Soru →

A nurse manager on an acute care unit is conducting a clinical documentation audit to evaluate the staff's application of foundational ethical principles. Match each documented nursing action to the ethical principle it most directly demonstrates.

Soldaki öğeye tıklayın, sonra eşleşen sağdaki öğeye tıklayın

Öğeler

The nurse stops an intravenous medication infusion immediately upon observing the client developing sudden airway stridor and hives.
The nurse returns to the client's room with the requested PRN antiemetic medication in exactly fifteen minutes, precisely as previously stated to the client.
The nurse advocates for a mentally competent adult client who has decided to decline a medically recommended surgical intervention.
The nurse allocates identical monitoring time and clinical resources to two clients of varying socioeconomic statuses who have the exact same medical acuity.

Eşleşmeler

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Cevap

Stopping the harmful infusion pairs with Nonmaleficence. Returning exactly when promised pairs with Fidelity. Supporting the refusal of surgery pairs with Autonomy. Allocating equitable resources pairs with Justice.
Each specific nursing intervention fundamentally represents one ethical cornerstone. Nonmaleficence is the strict duty to do no harm, seen when the nurse stops the dangerous infusion. Fidelity is the duty to keep promises, demonstrated by the nurse returning exactly on time. Autonomy is the respect for a client's self-determination, demonstrated by honoring the surgical refusal. Justice is the fair distribution of care, demonstrated by treating clients of different socioeconomic statuses equitably.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the action of stopping the harmful intravenous infusion.
Matches with Nonmaleficence.
The immediate action to halt a medication causing anaphylaxis is driven by the ethical mandate to protect the client and prevent further harm.
2
Analyze the action of returning with medication exactly when promised.
Matches with Fidelity.
Fidelity involves keeping commitments and promises made to clients, which builds trust in the nurse-client relationship.
3
Analyze the action of advocating for a client declining recommended surgery.
Matches with Autonomy.
Autonomy requires nurses to respect and support the independent decision-making and self-determination of competent clients, even when they refuse care.
4
Analyze the action of distributing clinical resources equally among clients with the same acuity regardless of status.
Matches with Justice.
Justice dictates that nursing care and medical resources be distributed fairly and equitably among all clients without prejudice or bias.

Anahtar Kavram

Foundational Ethical Principles in Nursing Practice
Soru 1163Soru →

A registered nurse is developing a safety care plan for a client admitted with acute alcohol withdrawal who is experiencing severe agitation and is at high risk for seizures. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include to prevent injury? Select all that apply.

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

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Cevap: Pad the client's side rails and ensure the bed is in the lowest locked position.; Verify that functioning suction equipment and supplemental oxygen are at the bedside.; Assign the client to a room near the nurses' station to facilitate close observation.

Cevap

The correct interventions are: padding the side rails and keeping the bed in the lowest position, ensuring suction and oxygen are at the bedside, and assigning the client to a room near the nurses' station.
For a client experiencing acute alcohol withdrawal with severe agitation and high seizure risk, maintaining a safe environment is the top priority. Essential seizure precautions include padding the side rails, keeping the bed in the lowest locked position, and having functioning suction and oxygen equipment immediately accessible at the bedside to manage potential airway compromise. Additionally, placing the client in a room near the nurses' station is a vital non-pharmacological safety measure that allows for continuous monitoring and rapid intervention without resorting to restraints.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the primary safety risks for a client in acute alcohol withdrawal.
The client is highly agitated and at significant risk for tonic-clonic seizures, falls, and self-injury.
Understanding the specific risks dictates the appropriate preventive interventions that must be prioritized in the care plan.
2
Select interventions that address seizure safety and fall prevention.
Padding the side rails, keeping the bed low and locked, and ensuring airway equipment (suction and oxygen) is ready are standard, essential seizure precautions.
These measures protect the client from physical trauma and prepare the nurse to manage airway compromise effectively if a seizure occurs.
3
Evaluate interventions regarding monitoring and restraint use.
Placing the client near the nurses' station allows for frequent monitoring. Restraints should be avoided as a first-line measure.
Less restrictive alternatives, such as close observation, must always be prioritized over physical restraints to maintain safety and comply with strict facility and legal regulations.
4
Evaluate the delegation and positioning options.
Do not delegate initial assessments to UAP, and do not place a seizing client in a supine position.
Assessments require the registered nurse's clinical judgment. The side-lying position is absolutely required during a seizure to prevent aspiration.

Anahtar Kavram

Accident, Error, and Injury Prevention in the High-Risk Client
Soru 1164Soru →

A medical-surgical nurse is preparing several clients for transport to various diagnostic departments. Which of the following infection control interventions are appropriate to implement during the transport process? Select all that apply.

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

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Cevap: Place a standard surgical mask over the mouth and nose of a client with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis.; Apply a clean, dry dressing to securely contain the draining abscess of a client infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).; Notify the receiving diagnostic department of the client's specific transmission-based precautions prior to their departure from the unit.

Cevap

The correct interventions are placing a surgical mask on the client with tuberculosis, containing the MRSA wound with a clean dressing, and notifying the receiving department of the required precautions before transport.
Effective infection control during transport focuses primarily on 'source control.' For airborne diseases like tuberculosis, the client must wear a standard surgical mask to contain expelled droplet nuclei. For contact precautions like MRSA, infected areas must be entirely covered. Additionally, interdepartmental communication ensures the receiving staff can maintain an unbroken chain of infection control.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the transmission mode for each pathogen presented in the scenario.
Tuberculosis is airborne; MRSA is contact; Influenza and Pertussis are droplet.
Accurate identification of the isolation category dictates the specific transport requirements.
2
Evaluate the source control measures proposed for the clients.
Masking the client with tuberculosis and covering the MRSA wound are correct source control measures. Allowing the client with pertussis to remove their mask violates source control principles.
During transport, the primary goal is source control (containing the pathogen at the client level) rather than relying solely on staff PPE.
3
Evaluate staff PPE and delegation actions against standard nursing scope and guidelines.
An N95 is incorrectly assigned for a droplet infection (influenza). Delegating initial teaching to a UAP violates scope of practice.
Nursing scope of practice strictly prohibits delegating teaching to UAPs, and infection control requires using the correct tier of PPE to prevent resource waste and ensure safety.

Anahtar Kavram

Infection Control: Client Transport on Transmission-Based Precautions
Soru 1165Soru →

A nurse is preparing to draw up a prescribed intravenous medication from a glass ampule. Arrange the following steps in the correct chronological order to ensure safe preparation.

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Cevap

The correct chronological order for preparing medication from an ampule is: tap the ampule to clear the fluid from the neck, wrap the neck with a protective pad, snap the neck away from the body, withdraw the medication using a filter needle, and finally replace the filter needle with a standard injection needle.
Safe preparation of medication from a glass ampule follows a strict chronological sequence to prevent injury to the nurse and client. Tapping the ampule ensures the entire dose is in the lower chamber. Wrapping the neck provides a physical barrier, and snapping away from the body protects against flying glass. Using a filter needle is mandatory to prevent glass aspiration, and replacing it before administration ensures glass particles are not injected into the client.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Tap the top of the ampule lightly.
The medication in the top of the ampule moves into the bottom chamber.
This ensures the full dose of the medication is available and prevents spilling when the ampule is opened.
2
Wrap a sterile gauze pad or unopened alcohol swab around the ampule neck.
A physical barrier is created around the scored glass.
This protects the nurse's fingers from cuts when the glass breaks.
3
Snap the ampule neck quickly and firmly away from the body.
The ampule is opened safely.
Directing the breaking force away from the body prevents glass shards from flying toward the nurse's face or eyes.
4
Attach a filter needle to a syringe and withdraw the medication.
The medication is drawn into the syringe without glass shards.
The filter needle catches any microscopic glass particles that may have fallen into the liquid when the ampule was snapped.
5
Remove the filter needle and attach an appropriate injection needle.
The syringe is safely prepared for administration to the client.
Filter needles are for drawing up only; using them for administration could inject trapped glass particles into the client.

Anahtar Kavram

Safe medication preparation from a glass ampule requires protecting the nurse from glass cuts and protecting the client from glass shards by using a filter needle.
Soru 1166Soru →

An off-duty nurse is the first responder at the site of a massive natural gas explosion in a multi-story hotel. Applying the adult START (Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment) algorithm, which victim MUST the nurse classify as Immediate (Red tag)?

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Cevap: A victim unable to stand with no obvious physical trauma, a respiratory rate of 24 breaths/min, and a palpable radial pulse, who stares blankly and does not obey the command to squeeze the nurse's hand

Cevap

The victim who is unable to stand, has stable vital signs, but stares blankly and does not obey commands must be classified as Immediate (Red tag).
Under the START algorithm, victims are sequentially assessed for ability to walk, respiratory rate, perfusion, and mental status. The correct client cannot walk, has respirations <30 breaths/min, and has a palpable radial pulse, but fails the final step: obeying commands. An inability to follow simple commands indicates significant neurological impairment or poor cerebral perfusion, strictly mandating a Red (Immediate) tag despite the lack of obvious external trauma.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Evaluate ambulatory status for all victims.
Victims who can walk (such as the client with the scalp laceration) are immediately designated as Green (Minor).
This clears the immediate scene of stable individuals so resources can be directed to the non-ambulatory.
2
Assess respiratory effort for non-ambulatory victims.
If apneic, open the airway. If still apneic (such as the young adult with facial trauma), tag as Black (Expectant). If the respiratory rate is >30 breaths/min, tag as Red.
Resources are not expended on unsalvageable clients during a mass casualty incident.
3
Assess perfusion and mental status for victims with respiratory rates <30 breaths/min.
The victim with the evisceration has intact perfusion and follows commands, so they are tagged Yellow (Delayed). The victim with no obvious trauma fails the mental status check (cannot obey commands), so they are tagged Red (Immediate).
Altered mental status indicates a life-threatening systemic issue (e.g., increased intracranial pressure or shock) requiring immediate intervention, superseding the visual severity of other injuries.

Anahtar Kavram

Disaster Triage (START Algorithm)
Tahmini Süre:1m 30s
Soru 1167Soru →

The unit manager is conducting leadership rounds on a busy medical-surgical floor and observing staff adherence to infection control protocols. Which observed action necessitates immediate correction by the manager?

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Cevap: A clinical technician uses an alcohol-based hand sanitizer immediately after providing care for a client with Clostridioides difficile.

Cevap

The manager must correct the staff member who uses an alcohol-based hand sanitizer after caring for a client with Clostridioides difficile.
The action requiring correction is the use of an alcohol-based hand sanitizer after caring for a client with Clostridioides difficile. This organism produces resilient spores that are not killed by alcohol. Evidence-based infection control guidelines mandate the use of mechanical friction with soap and water to physically wash away the spores from the hands, preventing transmission to the environment and other clients.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the pathogen and its required transmission-based precautions for each observed scenario.
Clostridioides difficile requires contact/enteric precautions. Airborne precautions apply to the negative-pressure room. MRSA requires standard contact precautions. Bordetella pertussis requires droplet precautions.
Accurate identification of precautions is the foundation for evaluating staff adherence to infection control protocols.
2
Evaluate the specific infection control intervention observed against evidence-based guidelines for that isolation category.
Removing the N95 outside the airborne room, dedicating equipment for MRSA, and wearing a mask for pertussis are all correct actions. Using alcohol rub for C. diff is incorrect.
Comparing observed actions to established standards determines if a safety breach has occurred.
3
Determine which action represents a breach in protocol requiring immediate intervention by the manager.
The use of alcohol-based hand sanitizer instead of soap and water for a client with C. diff represents a failure to physically remove resilient spores, risking transmission.
The manager's role is to ensure patient safety by immediately correcting practices that increase the risk of healthcare-associated infections.

Anahtar Kavram

Hand Hygiene and Enteric Contact Precautions
Soru 1168Soru →

During a morning assessment, a nurse evaluates a client who has been suffering from frequent, severe vomiting for the past 48 hours. Which of the following acid-base imbalances is the client at greatest risk for developing as a direct result of this fluid loss?

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Cevap: Metabolic alkalosis

Cevap

Metabolic alkalosis
The correct answer identifies that frequent, severe vomiting depletes the body of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid). The loss of these hydrogen ions leaves a relative excess of bicarbonate in the bloodstream, which raises the systemic pH and causes metabolic alkalosis. Because the imbalance originates from the gastrointestinal tract rather than the lungs, it is classified as a metabolic condition.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the primary mechanism of fluid and electrolyte loss described in the scenario.
The client is experiencing frequent, severe vomiting.
Understanding the source of fluid loss is required to determine which specific electrolytes and acids are being depleted.
2
Determine the chemical composition of the lost fluid.
Gastric fluid contains a high concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl).
Knowing that stomach contents are acidic explains the physiological impact of losing large volumes of this fluid.
3
Analyze the systemic effect of losing a significant amount of acid.
Losing hydrogen ions (H+) from the gastrointestinal tract leaves a relative excess of base (bicarbonate) in the blood, causing the systemic pH to rise (alkalosis).
This establishes the condition as alkalosis. Because it originates from a gastrointestinal issue rather than a respiratory one, it is classified as a metabolic imbalance.

Anahtar Kavram

Pathophysiology of acid-base imbalances due to gastric acid depletion
Soru 1169Soru →

A client who recently completed a four-week course of broad-spectrum antibiotics reports having six to eight watery bowel movements daily, accompanied by abdominal cramping. The healthcare provider suspects a Clostridioides difficile infection. Which action by the healthcare team demonstrates adherence to appropriate transmission-based precautions?

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Cevap: Cleansing hands vigorously with soap and water after removing gloves and before leaving the room.

Cevap

Cleansing hands vigorously with soap and water after removing gloves and before leaving the room.
The correct action demonstrates understanding that Clostridioides difficile is a spore-forming organism requiring Contact Precautions with specialized hand hygiene. Because C. diff spores are resistant to alcohol, the only effective way to remove them from healthcare workers' hands is through the physical friction generated by washing with soap and water.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the suspected pathogen based on the clinical presentation and history.
The client has a suspected Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) infection due to prolonged antibiotic use and severe, frequent watery diarrhea.
Recognizing the specific pathogen dictates the category of transmission-based precautions required.
2
Determine the required isolation precautions for the identified pathogen.
C. diff requires Contact Precautions (specifically enteric precautions) due to its transmission via fecal-oral routes and contaminated surfaces.
Contact precautions mandate the use of gowns and gloves for all interactions involving contact with the client or their environment.
3
Identify the unique infection control requirement specific to this spore-forming bacterium.
Unlike most other pathogens managed with Contact Precautions, C. diff forms spores that are highly resistant to the bactericidal effects of alcohol-based hand sanitizers.
To effectively eliminate C. diff spores from the hands, healthcare workers must rely on the mechanical friction of washing with soap and water.

Anahtar Kavram

Standard and Transmission-Based Precautions
Soru 1170Soru →

A nurse is caring for a client with a hypertensive crisis. The provider prescribes a continuous intravenous (IV) infusion of sodium nitroprusside at 3 mcg/kg/min3 \text{ mcg/kg/min}. The client weighs 176 lbs176 \text{ lbs}. The medication is supplied as 50 mg50 \text{ mg} of sodium nitroprusside in 250 mL250 \text{ mL} of 5% Dextrose5\% \text{ Dextrose} in water (D5WD_5W). At what rate should the nurse set the IV infusion pump in mL/hr\text{mL/hr}? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number.)

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: 72

Cevap

The correct infusion rate is 72 mL/hr.
To solve this calculation correctly, multiple conversions are required. First, the client's weight of 176 lbs176 \text{ lbs} is converted to 80 kg80 \text{ kg}. The total per-minute dose is 80 kg×3 mcg/kg/min=240 mcg/min80 \text{ kg} \times 3 \text{ mcg/kg/min} = 240 \text{ mcg/min}. This equals 14,400 mcg/hr14,400 \text{ mcg/hr} (240×60240 \times 60). Converting to milligrams gives 14.4 mg/hr14.4 \text{ mg/hr} (14,400÷1,00014,400 \div 1,000). The concentration of the supplied bag is 50 mg/250 mL=0.2 mg/mL50 \text{ mg} / 250 \text{ mL} = 0.2 \text{ mg/mL}. Dividing the hourly dose by the concentration (14.4÷0.214.4 \div 0.2) yields exactly 72 mL/hr72 \text{ mL/hr}.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Convert weight to kilograms
176 lbs÷2.2 lbs/kg=80 kg176 \text{ lbs} \div 2.2 \text{ lbs/kg} = 80 \text{ kg}
The prescribed dose is weight-based in kg.
2
Calculate dose per minute
80 kg×3 mcg/kg/min=240 mcg/min80 \text{ kg} \times 3 \text{ mcg/kg/min} = 240 \text{ mcg/min}
To determine the total micrograms the client receives each minute.
3
Calculate dose per hour
240 mcg/min×60 min/hr=14,400 mcg/hr240 \text{ mcg/min} \times 60 \text{ min/hr} = 14,400 \text{ mcg/hr}
Infusion pumps are set in mL/hr, requiring an hourly dose.
4
Convert dose to milligrams
14,400 mcg/hr÷1,000 mcg/mg=14.4 mg/hr14,400 \text{ mcg/hr} \div 1,000 \text{ mcg/mg} = 14.4 \text{ mg/hr}
The supplied medication is measured in milligrams, so the units must match.
5
Calculate the infusion rate in mL/hr
14.4 mg/hr÷(50 mg/250 mL)=14.4 mg/hr÷0.2 mg/mL=72 mL/hr14.4 \text{ mg/hr} \div (50 \text{ mg} / 250 \text{ mL}) = 14.4 \text{ mg/hr} \div 0.2 \text{ mg/mL} = 72 \text{ mL/hr}
To find the final volume to be infused per hour based on the drug's concentration.

Anahtar Kavram

Weight-based continuous intravenous (IV) infusion calculations requiring multi-step unit conversions.
Soru 1171Soru →

An acutely agitated adult client is continuously attempting to pull out a life-saving central venous catheter. The nurse determines that all less restrictive measures have failed and emergency bilateral soft wrist restraints are necessary to prevent immediate injury. Arrange the following nursing actions in the correct chronological sequence.

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Cevap

The correct sequence prioritizes immediate client safety by applying and securing the restraints, immediately verifying safe application with a two-finger check, obtaining the required provider prescription, and finally documenting the emergency event.
In an emergency behavioral or medical situation where a client poses an immediate threat to themselves (such as pulling out a life-saving device) and all alternative measures have failed, the nurse must intervene first to secure safety. This sequence involves first applying the restraints to stop the behavior, safely securing them to a movable bed part with a quick-release knot, and immediately checking for a safe fit (two-finger method). Once the client is physically safe, the nurse must contact the provider to obtain the required emergency prescription (typically required within 1 hour), followed by comprehensive documentation of the event.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Apply the soft wrist restraints directly to the client's wrists.
Prevents immediate harm and protects the life-saving central venous catheter.
In an emergency where less restrictive measures fail, stopping the immediate physical threat is the absolute first priority.
2
Secure the restraint straps to the movable portion of the bed frame using a quick-release tie.
Safely anchors the restraints.
Securing to the movable frame ensures restraints do not tighten if the bed is adjusted, and a quick-release tie allows for rapid removal in an emergency.
3
Insert two fingers under the secured restraints to verify appropriate fit.
Ensures the restraints are not too tight.
Verifying fit immediately prevents neurovascular compromise and skin breakdown.
4
Contact the healthcare provider to evaluate the client and obtain a formal emergency prescription.
Initiates the legal and clinical requirement for restraint use.
Emergency application requires an evaluation and formal order from the provider, typically within 1 hour of applying the restraints.
5
Document the client's behavior, the alternatives attempted, and the exact time of restraint application.
Completes the medical record and provides legal protection.
Comprehensive documentation must follow the physical stabilization of the client and notification of the provider.

Anahtar Kavram

Emergency Physical Restraint Implementation Sequence
Soru 1172Soru →

A nurse is caring for a client with cardiogenic shock who weighs 176 lbs176 \text{ lbs}. The healthcare provider prescribes a continuous intravenous (IV) infusion of dopamine at 5 mcg/kg/min5 \text{ mcg/kg/min}. The pharmacy dispenses a premixed dopamine solution of 400 mg400 \text{ mg} in 250 mL250 \text{ mL} of 5% dextrose in water5\% \text{ dextrose in water} (D5W). What rate should the nurse program the IV infusion pump to deliver the prescribed dose? Record your answer as a whole number.

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: 15

Cevap

15 mL/hr
The precise infusion rate required is 15 mL/hr15 \text{ mL/hr}. This setting accurately delivers 5 mcg/kg/min5 \text{ mcg/kg/min} of dopamine to an 80 kg80 \text{ kg} client, given the supplied medication concentration of 1.6 mg/mL1.6 \text{ mg/mL} (400 mg400 \text{ mg} in 250 mL250 \text{ mL}).

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Convert the client's weight from pounds to kilograms.
176 lbs÷2.2=80 kg176 \text{ lbs} \div 2.2 = 80 \text{ kg}
The medication dosage is prescribed based on kilograms of body weight.
2
Calculate the required continuous dose of dopamine per minute.
80 kg×5 mcg/kg/min=400 mcg/min80 \text{ kg} \times 5 \text{ mcg/kg/min} = 400 \text{ mcg/min}
To determine the exact amount of medication the specific client needs every minute.
3
Convert the calculated per-minute dose to a per-hour dose.
400 mcg/min×60 min/hr=24,000 mcg/hr400 \text{ mcg/min} \times 60 \text{ min/hr} = 24,000 \text{ mcg/hr}
Standard IV infusion pumps are programmed in milliliters per hour, so the dose must be matched to an hourly timeframe.
4
Convert the hourly dose from micrograms to milligrams.
24,000 mcg/hr÷1,000 mcg/mg=24 mg/hr24,000 \text{ mcg/hr} \div 1,000 \text{ mcg/mg} = 24 \text{ mg/hr}
The dispensed IV bag concentration is provided in milligrams (400 mg400 \text{ mg}); matching units are required before the volume calculation.
5
Calculate the required fluid volume to deliver the hourly dose.
24 mg400 mg×250 mL=15 mL/hr\frac{24 \text{ mg}}{400 \text{ mg}} \times 250 \text{ mL} = 15 \text{ mL/hr}
This uses the formula: (Desired Dose / Amount on Hand) × Volume to find the final pump rate.

Anahtar Kavram

Weight-based continuous intravenous medication calculations.
Soru 1173Soru →

A registered nurse is preparing to safely move a client who has right-sided hemiparesis from the hospital bed into a wheelchair. In what sequence should the nurse perform the following interventions?

Öğeleri doğru sıraya koymak için sürükleyin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

The correct sequence prioritizes environmental safety by placing the chair on the strong side, prevents orthostatic hypotension by dangling, secures the client with a gait belt and footwear, stabilizes the weak leg during standing, and executes the pivot toward the strong side.
The correct sequence ensures client safety by addressing environmental, physiological, and mechanical risks in a logical order. The nurse must first prepare the environment by placing the chair on the strong side. Next, the nurse addresses physiological safety by allowing the client to dangle to prevent orthostatic hypotension. Mechanical safety is then established by applying a gait belt and non-skid footwear. Finally, the nurse provides physical support by bracing the weak side during the stand and directing the pivot toward the strong side.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Place the wheelchair on the client's strong (left) side and lock the wheels.
The environment is secured for a safe transfer path.
Transferring toward the unaffected side ensures the client can use their strong leg to pivot and bear weight safely.
2
Sit the client on the edge of the bed and allow their legs to dangle.
The client is acclimated to an upright posture.
This allows baroreceptors to adjust, preventing orthostatic hypotension and dizziness before standing.
3
Apply the transfer belt and put on non-skid footwear.
The client is properly equipped for physical movement.
The belt provides the nurse with a secure grip to prevent falls, and the footwear provides traction.
4
Brace the client's weak (right) leg while holding the transfer belt.
The client's hemiparetic side is fully supported.
This prevents the weakened knee from buckling under the client's weight during the standing phase.
5
Pivot the client to the left and lower them into the chair.
The client is safely transferred into the wheelchair.
Using the strong arm and leg allows the client to control their descent and maintain balance during the final step.

Anahtar Kavram

Safe client transfer techniques for hemiparesis
Tahmini Süre:1m 30s
Soru 1174Soru →

A client is recovering on the surgical unit 24 hours after a right-sided modified radical mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection. The client reports mild incisional pain and a feeling of "heaviness" in the right arm. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate to promote comfort and minimize postoperative complications?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Elevate the right arm on several pillows to ensure it rests above the level of the right atrium.

Cevap

The most appropriate intervention is to elevate the right arm on several pillows to ensure it rests above the level of the right atrium.
Following a mastectomy that involves the removal of axillary lymph nodes, the natural drainage of lymphatic fluid from the arm is compromised. Elevating the affected arm on pillows so that it is positioned above the level of the heart utilizes gravity to assist in venous and lymphatic return. This simple positional intervention effectively reduces peripheral edema, alleviates the subjective feeling of heaviness, and promotes physical comfort without compromising the surgical site.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Assess the client's postoperative status and reported symptoms.
The client underwent a right mastectomy with axillary node removal and is currently experiencing right arm heaviness.
Identifying the specific surgical procedure and recognizing related physiological symptoms dictates the appropriate comfort and risk-reduction interventions.
2
Evaluate the physiological impact of axillary lymph node dissection.
Removal of axillary nodes impairs the normal lymphatic drainage pathways from the right arm, leading to fluid accumulation and a feeling of heaviness.
Understanding the mechanism of postoperative lymphedema is essential for selecting a mechanical intervention to counteract fluid pooling.
3
Select the intervention that best promotes lymphatic return and overall comfort.
Elevating the affected arm above the level of the heart using pillows is chosen as the primary non-pharmacologic intervention.
Elevation utilizes gravity to facilitate venous and lymphatic return back into central circulation, effectively reducing the feeling of heaviness and preventing severe postoperative swelling.

Anahtar Kavram

Postoperative Mastectomy Positioning and Lymphedema Prevention
Soru 1175Soru →

Following a major abdominal surgery, a client is being monitored closely for potential hemorrhagic complications. Which of the following vital sign trends should the nurse identify as the most reliable early indicator of developing hypovolemic shock?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Narrowing of the pulse pressure

Cevap

Narrowing of the pulse pressure
In the early (compensatory) stage of hypovolemic shock, the sympathetic nervous system stimulates peripheral vasoconstriction to maintain core perfusion. This clamping down of the blood vessels raises the diastolic blood pressure. Because the systolic blood pressure initially remains normal or drops only slightly, the difference between the two values decreases, resulting in a narrowing of the pulse pressure. This is a critical early warning sign that occurs before frank hypotension.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the type of shock the client is at risk for.
The client is at risk for hypovolemic shock due to potential hemorrhage from the abdominal surgery.
Understanding the etiology helps anticipate the specific physiological compensatory mechanisms.
2
Determine the early compensatory mechanisms for hypovolemia.
The sympathetic nervous system releases catecholamines, causing peripheral vasoconstriction and mild tachycardia.
The body attempts to maintain blood pressure and perfusion to vital organs.
3
Analyze how vasoconstriction affects blood pressure readings.
Vasoconstriction primarily raises the diastolic blood pressure, while the systolic blood pressure initially remains stable or drops slightly, causing the gap between them to narrow.
This makes a narrowing pulse pressure one of the most reliable and earliest indicators of shock, before frank hypotension develops.

Anahtar Kavram

Early indicators of hypovolemic shock include a narrowing pulse pressure and mild tachycardia, which occur as compensatory mechanisms before a drop in systolic blood pressure.
Soru 1176Soru →

A nurse is evaluating a newborn at 11 minute after birth. The nurse notes the following findings: heart rate is 114114 beats/min; the newborn has a weak, irregular cry; arms and legs are flaccid; the newborn grimaces when the nares are suctioned; and the trunk is pink with cyanotic hands and feet.

Calculate the newborn's 11-minute Apgar score.

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: 5

Cevap

5
The Apgar score evaluates five parameters on a scale of 00 to 22. For this newborn: Heart rate >100>100 is 22; weak cry is 11; flaccid tone is 00; grimace is 11; and acrocyanosis is 11. The total calculated score is 55.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Assess Heart Rate
2 points
The heart rate is 114114 beats/min, which is greater than 100100 beats/min.
2
Assess Respiratory Effort
1 point
The newborn exhibits a weak, irregular cry rather than a strong, vigorous cry.
3
Assess Muscle Tone
0 points
The newborn's arms and legs are flaccid, showing no flexion or active movement.
4
Assess Reflex Irritability
1 point
The newborn only grimaces in response to suctioning, rather than pulling away, coughing, or sneezing.
5
Assess Color
1 point
The newborn has a pink trunk with cyanotic extremities, which is classified as acrocyanosis.
6
Calculate Total Score
5
Sum the points from all five Apgar categories: 2+1+0+1+1=52 + 1 + 0 + 1 + 1 = 5.

Anahtar Kavram

Apgar Scoring System
Soru 1177Soru →

A nurse is preparing to remove a non-tunneled central venous catheter (CVC) from the subclavian vein of an alert, cooperative adult client. Arrange the following actions in the correct chronological order to minimize the risk of a venous air embolism and bleeding. (First action to last action)

Öğeleri doğru sıraya koymak için sürükleyin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

The correct sequence for removing a central venous catheter is to first position the client supine, instruct them to perform the Valsalva maneuver, withdraw the catheter during the maneuver, apply immediate firm pressure, and finally apply an air-occlusive dressing.
Removing a central venous catheter (CVC) carries a high risk of venous air embolism and bleeding. To minimize these risks, the nurse must manipulate pressure gradients to ensure venous pressure is higher than atmospheric pressure. Positioning the client supine increases central venous pressure. Instructing the client to perform the Valsalva maneuver (bearing down) further raises intrathoracic pressure. Withdrawing the catheter during this positive-pressure state prevents air from entering the vein. Immediately applying firm pressure stops bleeding and seals the tract, and finally, placing an air-occlusive dressing ensures the site remains sealed while the skin and vein heal.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Position the client flat in a supine position.
Central venous pressure increases in the upper body.
Keeping the insertion site at or below the level of the heart prevents a negative pressure gradient that could draw air into the vein.
2
Instruct the client to take a deep breath, hold it, and bear down.
Intrathoracic pressure is temporarily increased.
This Valsalva maneuver creates positive pressure within the venous system, actively pushing against atmospheric pressure.
3
Withdraw the catheter smoothly and continuously.
The catheter is removed from the vein.
Removing the catheter while the client holds their breath ensures air cannot enter the open venous tract.
4
Apply firm manual pressure to the insertion site with sterile gauze.
Bleeding is controlled and the tract is sealed.
Firm pressure for at least 5 to 10 minutes achieves hemostasis and physically prevents air entry.
5
Secure an air-occlusive dressing over the site.
The insertion site is completely sealed from the environment.
An occlusive dressing prevents delayed air entry while the tissue tract heals.

Anahtar Kavram

Prevention of Venous Air Embolism During CVC Removal
Soru 1178Soru →

Match each healthcare worker or visitor scenario with the most appropriate infection control directive based on Standard and Transmission-Based Precautions.

Soldaki öğeye tıklayın, sonra eşleşen sağdaki öğeye tıklayın

Öğeler

Unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) entering the room to empty a urinary catheter bag for a client with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE).
A pregnant family member requesting to visit a pediatric client who has a confirmed diagnosis of rubella.
A respiratory therapist preparing to administer a nebulizer treatment to a client with suspected active pulmonary tuberculosis.
Environmental services staff preparing to perform terminal cleaning of a room after a client with Clostridioides difficile is discharged.

Eşleşmeler

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

The UAP with VRE matches donning gown and gloves. The pregnant visitor with rubella matches restriction without immunity. The respiratory therapist with TB matches wearing an N95 respirator. The environmental staff with C. diff matches using a bleach-based solution.
Each clinical scenario correctly pairs a specific pathogen with its mandated infection control requirement. VRE requires Contact Precautions (gown and gloves). Rubella requires Droplet Precautions and poses specific fetal risks to pregnant individuals lacking immunity. Tuberculosis requires Airborne Precautions (N95/PAPR). C. difficile requires Contact Precautions and specialized sporicidal environmental cleaning (bleach) due to spore formation.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Evaluate the transmission route for vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE).
VRE requires Contact Precautions.
To identify that appropriate PPE (gown and gloves) is required for any staff entering the room for client care.
2
Analyze the transmission route and specific risks of rubella exposure to a pregnant visitor.
Rubella requires Droplet Precautions and is a known teratogen.
To determine that susceptible pregnant visitors must be strictly restricted from visitation to prevent fetal harm.
3
Determine the necessary respiratory protection for active pulmonary tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis requires Airborne Precautions.
To confirm that an N95 respirator or PAPR is mandated to filter out small airborne droplet nuclei, particularly during respiratory treatments.
4
Identify the environmental survival characteristics of Clostridioides difficile.
C. difficile forms highly resilient spores.
To establish that standard disinfectants are ineffective and a sporicidal bleach solution is exclusively required for proper terminal cleaning.

Anahtar Kavram

Application of Transmission-Based Precautions across interdisciplinary healthcare roles, environmental cleaning, and visitor screening.
Tahmini Süre:1m 0s
Soru 1179Soru →

A critical care nurse is planning care for a client admitted with suspected meningococcal meningitis and a heavily draining sacral wound infected with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). The client exhibits a persistent, productive cough. Which of the following infection control interventions should the nurse implement? Select all that apply.

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Don an isolation gown, clean gloves, a surgical mask, and a face shield prior to performing wound care or airway clearance.; Apply a standard surgical mask to the client when transport to another department is necessary.; Dedicate reusable medical equipment, such as a stethoscope and blood pressure cuff, solely for use with this client.

Cevap

The nurse must don a gown, gloves, surgical mask, and face shield for splash-prone procedures; apply a surgical mask to the client during transport; and dedicate reusable medical equipment to the client's room.
The client requires a combination of Droplet Precautions (for suspected meningococcal meningitis) and Contact Precautions (for VRE). Providing direct care—such as airway clearance or wound management for a coughing client—poses a high splash risk, necessitating a gown, gloves, surgical mask, and face shield. To prevent transmission, reusable medical equipment must remain in the room and be dedicated exclusively to this client. If transport is necessary, the client must wear a standard surgical mask to contain respiratory droplets.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the transmission-based isolation requirements for the client's specific pathogens.
Meningococcal meningitis requires Droplet Precautions. VRE requires Contact Precautions.
Accurate pathogen classification dictates the foundational tier of isolation.
2
Synthesize the combined personal protective equipment (PPE) requirements for room entry.
A surgical mask (Droplet) plus a gown and gloves (Contact) are mandatory for all personnel entering the environment.
Pathogens can spread via large respiratory droplets and through indirect contact with contaminated environmental surfaces.
3
Assess the need for additional Standard Precautions based on the client's clinical presentation.
A face shield or goggles must be added during direct care.
The heavily draining wound and persistent, productive cough create a high risk for splashes of bodily fluids to the nurse's mucous membranes.
4
Determine appropriate environmental and transport protocols.
Equipment must be dedicated to the client, and the client must wear a surgical mask if transported.
These measures contain the pathogens within the designated isolation area and prevent transmission to vulnerable populations in common hospital corridors.

Anahtar Kavram

Combined Transmission-Based and Standard Precautions
Tahmini Süre:2m 0s
Soru 1180Soru →

A nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular (IM) injection of iron dextran using the Z-track method to an adult client. Arrange the following steps of the procedure in the correct chronological order.

Öğeleri doğru sıraya koymak için sürükleyin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

The correct sequence is to first cleanse the site, displace the skin laterally, insert the needle at a 90-degree angle, inject the medication slowly, wait 10 seconds, and finally withdraw the needle while releasing the displaced skin.
The Z-track method is designed to prevent irritating medications, such as iron dextran, from leaking into the subcutaneous tissue. Proper technique requires establishing the track by displacing the skin first, then inserting the needle and injecting. Waiting 10 seconds allows for dispersion within the muscle, and releasing the skin only after the needle is completely withdrawn seals the track.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify and cleanse the injection site.
The skin over the target muscle is disinfected.
This is the foundational step of infection control prior to breaking the skin barrier.
2
Displace the skin and subcutaneous tissue laterally.
The tissue layers are shifted out of their normal alignment.
This sets up the Z-track path, which is required before the needle is introduced.
3
Insert the needle at a 90-degree angle.
The needle penetrates through the displaced skin and subcutaneous tissue into the muscle.
A 90-degree angle ensures the medication is delivered deep into the muscle, not the subcutaneous layer.
4
Inject the medication slowly.
The medication is deposited into the muscle tissue.
Slow injection minimizes tissue distention and discomfort.
5
Wait for 10 seconds with the needle in place.
The medication begins to absorb and disperse.
Waiting prevents the medication from immediately seeking the path of least resistance (the needle track) when the needle is removed.
6
Withdraw the needle and release the skin.
The tissue layers slide back to their normal anatomical position.
This traps the medication in the muscle, preventing it from leaking into subcutaneous tissue and causing irritation.

Anahtar Kavram

Z-track Method for Intramuscular Injections
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