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Zorluk: Çok zorCross-Text Connections: Relational Synthesis

Text 1
Evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins argues that eusociality—exemplified by sterile worker castes in ants—is best explained by kin selection theory. Because workers share a high proportion of genes with siblings, helping the queen reproduce is genetically advantageous, even if the workers themselves do not reproduce. Under this view, altruistic behavior is driven by gene-level self-interest, rendering group selection models obsolete.

Text 2
E. O. Wilson contends that kin selection relies on highly restrictive parameters, such as haplodiploidy, which are absent in many eusocial species. Instead, Wilson posits that eusociality arose through multilevel selection: cooperative groups outcompeted less cooperative groups, driving the evolution of altruism. The genetic relatedness observed within colonies is a consequence of eusocial structure, rather than its primary evolutionary driver.

Based on the passages, how would E. O. Wilson (Text 2) most likely respond to Richard Dawkins's claim in Text 1 regarding the genetic relatedness of workers and siblings?

  1. A
    By asserting that haplodiploid genetic sharing is actually far more common in non-eusocial species than Dawkins assumes.
  2. B
    By suggesting that sterile workers do indeed reproduce, but their offspring are genetically distant from the colony's queen.
  3. By arguing that this genetic relatedness is a byproduct of how colonies are structured rather than the initial cause of eusocial behavior.Cevap
  4. D
    By claiming that cooperative groups compete strictly on an individual genetic level rather than as collective units.

Cevap

The correct answer is that the genetic relatedness is a byproduct of how colonies are structured rather than the initial cause of eusocial behavior.
The correct option is correct because Wilson explicitly states that genetic relatedness within colonies is a consequence of eusociality's colonial structure, rather than its primary evolutionary driver. Therefore, he would respond to Dawkins's claim by arguing that the genetic relatedness Dawkins cites is a byproduct or consequence of the social structure, rather than the evolutionary cause of the behavior.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify Richard Dawkins's argument in Text 1 regarding worker relatedness.
Dawkins argues that genetic relatedness among siblings drives workers to help the queen reproduce, meaning genetic self-interest is the cause of altruistic eusociality.
Understanding the premise of Text 1 is necessary to determine how the author of Text 2 would respond to it.
2
Identify E. O. Wilson's counter-premise in Text 2 regarding genetic relatedness.
Wilson argues that genetic relatedness in colonies is a consequence (effect) of eusociality's colonial structure, not its primary driver (cause).
Locating Wilson's direct statement on relatedness establishes the basis of his response to Dawkins.
3
Synthesize the relationship between the two arguments.
Wilson would respond to Dawkins by asserting that Dawkins has inverted the cause and effect, mistaking a consequence of colonial structure for the evolutionary driver.
This synthesis allows for the selection of the correct option that accurately captures the relational dynamic.

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Cross-Text Connections: Relational Synthesis
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Cross-Text Connections: Relational Synthesis

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