Soru

Zorluk: ZorPunctuation of Nonessential Elements

In 1915, amateur astronomer George Willis Ritchey designed a new type of reflecting telescope that utilized a hyperbolic primary mirror. This innovative configuration ______ eliminated the optical aberration known as coma, which had long plagued traditional Newtonian reflectors and limited the clarity of deep-sky astrophotography. Today, nearly all major research installations, including the Hubble Space Telescope, rely on this design to capture high-resolution images of distant galaxies.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

  1. A
    —a design later refined by French astronomer Henri Chrétien and known as the Ritchey-Chrétien telescope,
  2. —a design later refined by French astronomer Henri Chrétien and known as the Ritchey-Chrétien telescope—Cevap
  3. C
    , a design later refined by French astronomer Henri Chrétien and known as the Ritchey-Chrétien telescope—
  4. D
    , a design later refined by French astronomer Henri Chrétien and known as the Ritchey-Chrétien telescope

Cevap

The correct choice is the option that sets off the nonessential appositive phrase with a matching pair of em dashes.
The correct choice uses matching em dashes at both the beginning and the end of the nonessential appositive phrase. This maintains punctuation symmetry and grammatically isolates the descriptive details from the main independent clause.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the core grammatical structure of the sentence.
The core sentence is 'This innovative configuration eliminated the optical aberration...', with a modifying phrase inserting information about the configuration's design history.
Determining what is essential to the sentence's grammatical structure helps identify if the intervening phrase is nonessential.
2
Determine if the modifying phrase is essential or nonessential.
The phrase 'a design later refined by French astronomer Henri Chrétien and known as the Ritchey-Chrétien telescope' is parenthetical and can be removed without changing the core meaning or syntax of the main clause; it is therefore nonessential.
Nonessential elements must be set off from the rest of the sentence with matching punctuation marks (two commas, two em dashes, or parentheses).
3
Evaluate the options for punctuation symmetry.
Only the option using matching em dashes on both sides of the nonessential phrase maintains grammatical symmetry and correctly isolates the appositive.
Standard English conventions require consistent opening and closing punctuation marks to isolate nonessential parenthetical elements.

Anahtar Kavram

Nonessential elements (such as appositives, parenthetical phrases, or nonrestrictive clauses) must be set off from the rest of the sentence using matching punctuation marks on both sides. Mixing punctuation marks (e.g., starting with a comma and ending with a dash) is grammatically incorrect.
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