Examkin

Punctuation of Nonessential Elements

57 soru

Tüm türler57Çoktan seçmeli30Boşluk doldurma27
Soru 1Soru →

The following passage is about the American architect Julia Morgan. Which punctuation mark correctly completes the passage by setting off the nonessential relative clause?

Aşağıdaki boşlukları doldurun

In 1919, the prominent American architect Julia Morgan, who was the first woman licensed to practice architecture in Californiabegan her most famous commission: the design of Hearst Castle. Over the next twenty-eight years, Morgan supervised the construction of this massive estate, which eventually grew to include over one hundred rooms.
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Cevap

A comma (,) must be placed in the blank.
The nonessential relative clause 'who was the first woman licensed to practice architecture in California' begins with a comma after 'Julia Morgan'. To maintain punctuation symmetry, a matching comma must be used at the end of the clause.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the boundaries of the nonessential relative clause in the sentence.
The clause 'who was the first woman licensed to practice architecture in California' is a nonessential relative clause because it provides extra information about Julia Morgan but is not required for the sentence's basic grammatical structure.
Nonessential elements must be set off from the rest of the sentence using matching punctuation marks on both sides.
2
Check the punctuation mark that introduces the nonessential clause.
A comma is used before the relative pronoun ('Julia Morgan, who...').
Punctuation setting off nonessential elements must be symmetrical.
3
Determine the punctuation mark needed at the end of the nonessential clause.
To match the opening comma, a closing comma must be placed after 'California'.
Mixing punctuation marks (such as using a comma at the start and an em dash at the end) creates asymmetrical punctuation, which is incorrect.

Anahtar Kavram

Punctuation of Nonessential Elements
Soru 2Soru →

During the Italian Renaissance, the pigment ultramarine was highly prized by master painters for its exceptionally vivid blue hue. Derived from the semi-precious stone lapis lazuli _______ imported from remote mines in the historical region of Badakhshan, the pigment was so costly to obtain that artists reserved it almost exclusively for depicting the robes of important figures.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

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Cevap: , which was

Cevap

The option that provides a comma followed by 'which was' correctly starts and sets off the nonessential relative clause.
The correct option is the one stating ', which was'. This option opens the nonessential relative clause with a comma, which matches the closing comma placed after the word 'Badakhshan'. This forms a correct, symmetrical pair of commas around the nonessential information.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the nonessential relative clause modifying the noun 'lapis lazuli'.
The relative clause is 'which was imported from remote mines in the historical region of Badakhshan'.
Determining the boundaries of the nonessential element is necessary to apply correct punctuation rules.
2
Examine the punctuation mark that closes the nonessential clause.
There is a comma immediately following the word 'Badakhshan'.
To set off a nonessential element, punctuation marks at the start and end of the element must match.
3
Select the option that opens the clause with the matching punctuation mark.
The option that starts with a comma, ', which was', matches the closing comma and creates a symmetrical pair of commas.
This establishes grammatical consistency by framing the nonessential clause within matching punctuation.

Anahtar Kavram

Punctuation of Nonessential Elements
Tahmini Süre:1m 0s
Soru 3Soru →

Read the passage below. What punctuation mark should be placed in the blank to correctly set off the nonessential element?

Aşağıdaki boşlukları doldurun

In 1970, marine biologist Sylvia Earle led the first all-female team of aquanauts in the Tektite II project, an underwater laboratory in the Virgin Islands. During the mission, Earle—who spent weeks studying marine life at a depth of fifty feet observed the devastating effects of pollution on coral reefs.
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Cevap

An em dash (—)
The sentence includes the nonessential relative clause 'who spent weeks studying marine life at a depth of fifty feet.' Because this clause is introduced with an em dash after the subject 'Earle,' it must also close with a matching em dash before the main verb 'observed' to maintain punctuation symmetry.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the nonessential element in the target sentence.
The clause 'who spent weeks studying marine life at a depth of fifty feet' is a nonessential relative clause describing the subject 'Earle'.
Nonessential clauses provide extra details that are not grammatically necessary for the main clause to function.
2
Determine the punctuation mark used to introduce the nonessential element.
An em dash (—) is placed right before the relative pronoun 'who'.
Nonessential elements must be set off with a matching pair of punctuation marks to maintain grammatical symmetry.
3
Select the correct punctuation mark to close the nonessential element.
An em dash (—) must be placed in the blank before the main verb 'observed' to match the opening em dash.
Using any other punctuation mark, such as a comma, would violate punctuation symmetry.

Anahtar Kavram

Punctuation of Nonessential Elements
Soru 4Soru →

In 1915, amateur astronomer George Willis Ritchey designed a reflecting telescope that utilized a hyperbolic primary mirror to eliminate spherical aberration. This innovative configuration ______ represented a monumental leap forward in optical engineering, though it remained largely unappreciated until the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope decades later.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

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Cevap: —a design that was later refined by French astronomer Henri Chrétien—

Cevap

The choice that uses matching em dashes to set off the nonessential phrase: '—a design that was later refined by French astronomer Henri Chrétien—'
The correct answer properly isolates the nonessential appositive phrase by using matching em dashes at both its beginning and its end. This conforms to standard punctuation rules for setting off parenthetical information.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the nonessential element within the sentence.
The phrase 'a design that was later refined by French astronomer Henri Chrétien' is an appositive that provides descriptive details about 'This innovative configuration' but is not grammatically essential to the main clause.
Determining which elements are nonessential establishes where boundary punctuation must be placed.
2
Determine the punctuation conventions for setting off nonessential elements.
Standard English conventions require that nonessential or parenthetical elements be set off with matching punctuation marks: either two commas, two em dashes, or parentheses.
Using mismatched punctuation marks (such as a comma and an em dash) creates asymmetrical punctuation errors.
3
Select the option that features symmetrical punctuation around the nonessential phrase.
Only the option using an em dash at both the beginning and the end of the phrase meets the symmetry requirement.
This maintains structural consistency and conforms to standard grammatical rules.

Anahtar Kavram

Punctuation of Nonessential Elements
Tahmini Süre:1m 0s
Soru 5Soru →

Complete the passage by writing the appropriate punctuation mark(s) in the blank to set off the nonessential element.

Aşağıdaki boşlukları doldurun

To evaluate the long-term efficacy of the urban revitalization project, researchers conducted a multi-year analysis of local economic indicators. Though the group’s initial reports focused on the fiscal impact of the policy, the committee’s final report—which synthesized data from three separate pilot programs, including the controversial municipal transit initiativeoffered a far more comprehensive analysis of the social outcomes.
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Cevap

An em dash (—)
The correct punctuation is an em dash (—) because the nonessential relative clause beginning with 'which synthesized data' is introduced by an em dash after 'report'. To maintain grammatical symmetry, the clause must also be closed with an em dash before the main verb 'offered'.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the subject and main verb of the principal clause in the second sentence.
The subject is 'the committee’s final report' and the main verb is 'offered'.
Understanding the core sentence structure helps isolate any intervening nonessential elements.
2
Examine the grammatical nature of the intervening clause starting with 'which synthesized data'.
The clause 'which synthesized data... municipal transit initiative' is a nonessential relative clause modifying 'the committee’s final report'.
Nonessential elements must be set off from the rest of the sentence using punctuation marks.
3
Locate the punctuation mark used to introduce the nonessential relative clause.
An em dash (—) immediately follows the subject 'report'.
Punctuation setting off nonessential elements must be symmetrical.
4
Select the punctuation mark that matches the opening em dash to close the nonessential clause before the main verb.
An em dash (—) must be placed in the blank.
A matching em dash is required to maintain punctuation symmetry, closing the parenthetical information without causing grammatical asymmetry.

Anahtar Kavram

Punctuation of Nonessential Elements
Soru 6Soru →

In 1915, amateur astronomer George Willis Ritchey designed a new type of reflecting telescope that utilized a hyperbolic primary mirror. This innovative configuration ______ eliminated the optical aberration known as coma, which had long plagued traditional Newtonian reflectors and limited the clarity of deep-sky astrophotography. Today, nearly all major research installations, including the Hubble Space Telescope, rely on this design to capture high-resolution images of distant galaxies.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

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Cevap: —a design later refined by French astronomer Henri Chrétien and known as the Ritchey-Chrétien telescope—

Cevap

The correct choice is the option that sets off the nonessential appositive phrase with a matching pair of em dashes.
The correct choice uses matching em dashes at both the beginning and the end of the nonessential appositive phrase. This maintains punctuation symmetry and grammatically isolates the descriptive details from the main independent clause.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the core grammatical structure of the sentence.
The core sentence is 'This innovative configuration eliminated the optical aberration...', with a modifying phrase inserting information about the configuration's design history.
Determining what is essential to the sentence's grammatical structure helps identify if the intervening phrase is nonessential.
2
Determine if the modifying phrase is essential or nonessential.
The phrase 'a design later refined by French astronomer Henri Chrétien and known as the Ritchey-Chrétien telescope' is parenthetical and can be removed without changing the core meaning or syntax of the main clause; it is therefore nonessential.
Nonessential elements must be set off from the rest of the sentence with matching punctuation marks (two commas, two em dashes, or parentheses).
3
Evaluate the options for punctuation symmetry.
Only the option using matching em dashes on both sides of the nonessential phrase maintains grammatical symmetry and correctly isolates the appositive.
Standard English conventions require consistent opening and closing punctuation marks to isolate nonessential parenthetical elements.

Anahtar Kavram

Nonessential elements (such as appositives, parenthetical phrases, or nonrestrictive clauses) must be set off from the rest of the sentence using matching punctuation marks on both sides. Mixing punctuation marks (e.g., starting with a comma and ending with a dash) is grammatically incorrect.
Tahmini Süre:1m 0s
Soru 7Soru →

In 2006, the International Astronomical Union officially reclassified Pluto as a dwarf planet. This decision ______ sparked widespread debate among scientists and the public alike, many of whom had grown fond of the distant icy world. Ultimately, the reclassification helped astronomers establish a clearer definition for what constitutes a true planet in our solar system.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and grammatically correct punctuation?

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Cevap: —which altered our understanding of the solar system—

Cevap

The phrase starting with an em dash and ending with an em dash correctly punctuates the nonessential relative clause.
The correct answer correctly uses matching em dashes to set off the nonessential relative clause, which is necessary to maintain punctuation symmetry in the sentence.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the nonessential element in the target sentence.
The clause 'which altered our understanding of the solar system' is nonessential because removing it leaves the main sentence grammatically complete and coherent.
Nonessential elements must be set off from the rest of the sentence using matching punctuation marks.
2
Evaluate the punctuation surrounding the nonessential element in the options.
To correctly set off the clause, the punctuation marks at the start and the end must match (e.g., two commas, two em dashes, or parentheses).
Mixing different punctuation marks (such as a comma and an em dash) creates grammatically incorrect asymmetry.
3
Select the option that uses a matching pair of punctuation marks.
The option that begins and ends the clause with an em dash is the only choice that maintains punctuation symmetry.
This correctly integrates the nonessential clause into the sentence without creating structural asymmetry.

Anahtar Kavram

Punctuation of Nonessential Elements
Soru 8Soru →

The giant squid (*Architeuthis dux*) has long captivated researchers, but its deep-sea habitat makes direct observation extremely difficult. In 2004, Japanese marine biologists captured the first active images of a live giant squid in its natural environment. This historic achievement ______ helped scientists understand the predatory behaviors of this elusive creature.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

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Cevap: —which occurred off the coast of the Ogasawara Islands—

Cevap

The correct answer is the choice that uses matching em dashes to set off the nonessential relative clause.
The correct choice uses a matching pair of em dashes to set off the nonessential relative clause 'which occurred off the coast of the Ogasawara Islands' from the rest of the sentence. Nonessential elements must be set off from the main clause by matching punctuation marks: either two commas, two em dashes, or two parentheses.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the nonessential element in the sentence.
The relative clause 'which occurred off the coast of the Ogasawara Islands' adds descriptive detail but is not essential to the main grammatical structure of the sentence.
This helps determine that the clause must be punctuated as a nonessential element.
2
Apply the punctuation rules for nonessential elements.
Nonessential elements must be set off by a matching pair of punctuation marks, such as two commas, two em dashes, or parentheses.
This establishes the criteria for evaluating the punctuation in each option.
3
Evaluate the choices for punctuation symmetry.
Only the option using matching em dashes correctly isolates the clause, whereas other options use mismatched punctuation or no punctuation.
This identifies the grammatically correct option.

Anahtar Kavram

Punctuation of nonessential elements
Soru 9Soru →

The following passage is an excerpt from an art history essay. Complete the passage by typing the punctuation mark that correctly fills the blank to ensure standard English conventions.

Aşağıdaki boşlukları doldurun

The American artist Mary Cassatt was celebrated for her intimate portraits of mothers and children, which departed from traditional European portraiture. Her famous painting *The Child's Bath*, which she completed in 1893 showcases her mastery of Japanese woodblock print techniques through its bold lines and unique perspective. By emphasizing domestic scenes, Cassatt helped introduce Impressionist ideas to a broader American audience.
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Cevap

A comma (,) is required to close the nonessential relative clause.
The clause 'which she completed in 1893' is a nonessential relative clause describing the painting *The Child's Bath*. To correctly set off this nonessential element, the punctuation must be symmetrical. Since the clause is introduced by a comma after the painting's title, it must also be closed with a comma before the main verb 'showcases'.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the nonessential element in the sentence.
The clause 'which she completed in 1893' is a nonessential relative clause because removing it does not change the core meaning of the main sentence.
Nonessential elements must be set off from the main clause with punctuation on both sides.
2
Examine the punctuation that opens the nonessential element.
The clause begins after a comma: 'Her famous painting *The Child's Bath*, which...'
This establishes that commas are the chosen punctuation style for setting off the nonessential element.
3
Select the matching punctuation mark to close the nonessential element.
A matching comma (,) must be placed at the end of the clause before the main verb 'showcases'.
Punctuation marks setting off nonessential elements must be symmetrical (comma-comma).

Anahtar Kavram

Punctuation of Nonessential Elements
Soru 10Soru →

The following passage is from an academic text about South American archaeology. Complete the passage by entering the single punctuation mark that should go in the blank to correctly set off the nonessential element.

Aşağıdaki boşlukları doldurun

In 1992, archaeologist Maria Gutierrez uncovered a collection of ancient stone tools at the Arroyo Seco site in Argentina. The artifacts, which were found in close association with the remains of extinct Pleistocene megafaunastrongly suggest that early humans inhabited South America thousands of years earlier than previously assumed by the scientific community.
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Cevap

A comma is the correct punctuation mark to set off the nonessential element.
The sentence contains the nonessential relative clause 'which were found in close association with the remains of extinct Pleistocene megafauna.' Because this clause is introduced with a comma after the noun 'artifacts', it must also be closed with a comma before the verb 'strongly suggest' to maintain punctuation symmetry.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the nonessential element within the sentence.
The phrase 'which were found in close association with the remains of extinct Pleistocene megafauna' is a nonessential relative clause that provides extra description but is not grammatically essential to the main clause.
This helps determine which part of the sentence needs to be set off by punctuation.
2
Locate the punctuation mark used to open the nonessential clause.
The clause is introduced with a comma after the word 'artifacts'.
Symmetrical punctuation rules require that the opening and closing punctuation marks for a nonessential element must match.
3
Determine the matching punctuation mark needed to close the nonessential clause.
Since the clause begins with a comma, it must close with a comma right before the main verb 'strongly suggest'.
Using a comma maintains punctuation symmetry and grammatically isolates the nonessential clause.

Anahtar Kavram

Nonessential elements (such as appositives, parenthetical phrases, or relative clauses) must be set off from the rest of the sentence using matching punctuation marks: two commas, two em dashes, or parentheses. Mixing punctuation marks (such as starting with a comma and ending with a dash) is incorrect.
Soru 11Soru →

The following passage is an excerpt from an academic text on astrobiology. The second sentence contains a nonessential appositive phrase. What punctuation mark should be inserted into the blank to correctly set off this phrase?

Aşağıdaki boşlukları doldurun

In the hyper-arid McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, astrobiologists have discovered endolithic communities, which are microbial ecosystems that survive inside the microscopic pores of translucent rocks. These resilient organisms—primarily lichens and cyanobacteria obtain their moisture from transient snowmelt and photosynthesize using light that filters through the mineral layers. This habitat demonstrates that life can persist under the most extreme terrestrial conditions, offering a potential model for past life on Mars.
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Cevap

An em dash (—)
The sentence includes the nonessential appositive phrase 'primarily lichens and cyanobacteria' to describe 'These resilient organisms.' In Standard English, nonessential elements must be set off from the rest of the sentence using a matching pair of punctuation marks: two commas, two em dashes, or two parentheses. Because the appositive phrase is introduced with an em dash (—), it must be closed with a matching em dash (—) before the main verb 'obtain' to maintain grammatical symmetry.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the nonessential element in the sentence.
The phrase 'primarily lichens and cyanobacteria' is an appositive phrase that provides nonessential details about the subject 'These resilient organisms.'
Identifying the nonessential element is necessary to determine which part of the sentence must be set off with punctuation.
2
Examine the punctuation mark used to introduce the nonessential element.
The phrase is introduced with an em dash (—) immediately following the word 'organisms.'
Standard English conventions require that nonessential elements be set off using matching pairs of punctuation (such as two commas, two em dashes, or two parentheses).
3
Determine the matching punctuation mark for the blank.
To match the opening em dash, the blank must be filled with an em dash (—) before the main verb 'obtain.'
Using any other punctuation mark, such as a comma, would create an asymmetrical punctuation pattern, which violates Standard English conventions.

Anahtar Kavram

Punctuation of nonessential elements requires matching pairs of commas, em dashes, or parentheses to set off the parenthetical information.
Soru 12Soru →

During her research in the 1940s, geneticist Barbara McClintock made a revolutionary discovery while studying maize chromosomes. McClintock identified transposons ______ which challenged the prevailing scientific belief that genomes are static. Her pioneering work eventually earned her the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1983.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: —genetic elements that can change positions within a genome—

Cevap

—genetic elements that can change positions within a genome—
The sentence includes a nonessential appositive phrase that provides additional information about transposons. In Standard English, nonessential elements must be set off from the rest of the sentence using matching punctuation marks on both sides. The option that begins and ends the phrase with em dashes correctly isolates the nonessential clause.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the nonessential element in the sentence.
The phrase 'genetic elements that can change positions within a genome' functions as an appositive that describes 'transposons' and is not essential to the main clause structure.
Nonessential elements must be separated from the rest of the sentence by matching punctuation marks.
2
Check the punctuation choices for symmetry.
Standard English conventions require that if a nonessential element is set off by an em dash on one side, it must be closed by an em dash on the other side.
Mismatching punctuation marks (like a comma paired with an em dash) creates grammatically incorrect asymmetry.
3
Select the option with matching punctuation.
The option containing '—genetic elements that can change positions within a genome—' successfully closes the parenthetical information using a pair of em dashes.
This maintains punctuation symmetry and correctly conforms to standard English conventions.

Anahtar Kavram

Punctuation of Nonessential Elements
Tahmini Süre:45s
Soru 13Soru →

In 1972, French analysts at the Pierrelatte uranium enrichment plant discovered a bizarre anomaly in uranium samples from Gabon. The proportion of the fissile isotope uranium-235 was significantly lower than the standard value found everywhere else on Earth. Further investigation revealed that the Oklo deposits ______ had actually undergone self-sustaining nuclear fission reactions approximately two billion years ago.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: —which contained a unique combination of physical conditions—

Cevap

—which contained a unique combination of physical conditions—
The correct answer correctly uses a pair of em dashes to set off the nonessential relative clause modifying the subject. In English, nonessential elements must be bracketed by matching punctuation marks: either two commas or two em dashes. Since the clause is followed by the main verb of the sentence, wrapping the clause in em dashes successfully maintains grammatical symmetry.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the grammatical role of the clause inside the blank.
The clause 'which contained a unique combination of physical conditions' is a nonessential relative clause that modifies the noun phrase 'the Oklo deposits'.
Because the sentence remains grammatically complete and retains its core meaning without this clause, the clause is nonessential and must be set off with punctuation.
2
Determine the correct punctuation rules for nonessential elements.
Nonessential elements must be set off by matching punctuation marks: either two commas, two em dashes, or two parentheses.
Using mismatched punctuation (like a comma and an em dash) creates an asymmetrical construction, which violates standard grammatical conventions.
3
Evaluate the choices to find the matching pair of punctuation marks.
The option containing '—which contained a unique combination of physical conditions—' uses two em dashes, which is a correct matching pair.
This establishes a consistent and grammatically correct boundary for the parenthetical clause.

Anahtar Kavram

Punctuation of Nonessential Elements
Soru 14Soru →

In 1967, astrophysicist Jocelyn Bell Burnell detected a series of regularly spaced radio pulses while analyzing data from a newly constructed radio telescope. Initially, some researchers hypothesized that the signals were artificial transmissions from an extraterrestrial civilization. However, this anomaly ______ ultimately proved to be the first discovered pulsar, a highly magnetized rotating neutron star.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

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Cevap: , which she and her advisor Antony Hewish initially referred to as "Little Green Men 1" (LGM-1),

Cevap

The correct option is the one that begins and ends the nonessential clause with a comma: ", which she and her advisor Antony Hewish initially referred to as "Little Green Men 1" (LGM-1),"
The sentence contains the nonessential relative clause 'which she and her advisor Antony Hewish initially referred to as "Little Green Men 1" (LGM-1)'. To conform to standard English conventions, this nonessential clause must be set off from the rest of the sentence with a matching pair of punctuation marks. The correct choice uses a comma at both the beginning and the end of the clause, properly isolating it.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the nonessential element in the sentence.
The clause starting with 'which she and her advisor...' is nonessential because the main sentence ('this anomaly ultimately proved to be the first discovered pulsar...') remains grammatically complete and retains its core meaning without it.
Recognizing that the clause is nonessential helps determine that it must be set off by matching punctuation marks.
2
Examine the punctuation options to identify matching pairs.
The correct option must use the same punctuation mark at both the beginning and the end of the nonessential clause.
Standard English conventions require that nonessential elements be set off with a matching pair of commas, em dashes, or parentheses.
3
Select the choice that correctly implements matching punctuation.
The choice starting with a comma and ending with a comma is the only grammatically correct and symmetrical option.
All other choices create asymmetry by mixing different punctuation marks or omitting one of the paired marks entirely.

Anahtar Kavram

Nonessential elements must be set off from the rest of the sentence using a matching pair of punctuation marks (commas, em dashes, or parentheses).
Soru 15Soru →

In 1915, chemist Alice Ball pioneered a groundbreaking technique to make chaulmoogra oil injectable, offering hope to thousands of leprosy patients. Her innovative process ______ involved chemically modifying the oil's fatty acids so they could be easily dissolved in water and absorbed by the human body.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: , which became known as the Ball Method,

Cevap

The correct option is the one that sets off the nonessential relative clause with matching commas: ', which became known as the Ball Method,'
The sentence contains a nonessential relative clause, 'which became known as the Ball Method,' that describes the 'innovative process.' Nonessential elements must be set off from the rest of the sentence with matching punctuation marks at both the beginning and the end of the phrase. The correct choice uses a comma at the beginning of the clause and a matching comma at the end of the clause, properly isolating the nonessential information.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the core subject and verb of the main clause to determine sentence structure.
The subject is 'process' and the main verb is 'involved.'
Understanding the core structure helps identify whether the intervening clause is essential or nonessential.
2
Evaluate the clause 'which became known as the Ball Method' to see if it is essential to the sentence.
The clause provides extra parenthetical details about the process but is not required for the sentence to be grammatically complete.
Nonessential elements must be set off with matching punctuation marks, such as two commas or two em dashes.
3
Check the answer choices for a matching pair of punctuation marks that correctly isolates the nonessential clause.
The choice using a comma before 'which' and a comma after 'Method' successfully isolates the clause.
Using mismatched punctuation (such as an em dash and a comma) or omitting one of the marks creates grammatical asymmetry.

Anahtar Kavram

Punctuation of Nonessential Elements
Tahmini Süre:1m 0s
Soru 16Soru →

The passage below contains a nonessential clause set off by punctuation. What punctuation mark should be typed in the blank to correctly complete the sentence?

Aşağıdaki boşlukları doldurun

In 19081908, German chemist Fritz Haber developed a method to synthesize ammonia directly from atmospheric nitrogen. This chemical process—which later won Haber the Nobel Prize in Chemistryenabled the mass production of synthetic fertilizers, ultimately sustaining global food supplies.
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Cevap

An em dash (— or --) is required in the blank to match the em dash that introduces the nonessential clause.
The nonessential relative clause 'which later won Haber the Nobel Prize in Chemistry' is introduced by an em dash. To maintain grammatical symmetry, the clause must also end with an em dash. Therefore, an em dash (—) is the correct punctuation mark.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the nonessential element in the sentence.
The phrase 'which later won Haber the Nobel Prize in Chemistry' is a nonessential relative clause because removing it does not change the core meaning of the sentence.
Nonessential elements must be set off from the rest of the sentence with matching punctuation marks.
2
Identify the punctuation mark that begins the nonessential clause.
The clause is introduced by an em dash ('—').
To maintain punctuation symmetry, the nonessential clause must end with the same type of punctuation mark that started it.
3
Determine the correct punctuation mark for the blank.
The blank must be filled with an em dash ('—') to match the opening em dash.
Mixing different punctuation marks (such as starting with an em dash and ending with a comma or parenthesis) is grammatically incorrect.

Anahtar Kavram

Punctuation of Nonessential Elements
Soru 17Soru →

Observations from the New Horizons spacecraft have revolutionized our understanding of the Kuiper belt, a region of icy bodies beyond Neptune. Among the most surprising findings is the geological complexity of the dwarf planet Pluto, which [blank] boasts vast plains of nitrogen ice and towering mountains of water ice.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: —contrary to the expectations of planetary scientists who had predicted a geologically dead world—

Cevap

The choice that begins and ends the parenthetical phrase with matching em dashes, specifically '—contrary to the expectations of planetary scientists who had predicted a geologically dead world—', is the correct answer.
The correct option uses a matching pair of em dashes ('—contrary to... world—') to set off the nonessential parenthetical phrase that interrupts the relative clause 'which boasts...'. Setting off this parenthetical element symmetrically with either two commas or two em dashes conforms to the rules of Standard English.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the nonessential element in the sentence.
The phrase 'contrary to the expectations of planetary scientists who had predicted a geologically dead world' acts as an parenthetical insertion modifying the main assertion about Pluto's active features.
Recognizing nonessential elements is necessary to determine where punctuation marks (like commas, em dashes, or parentheses) must be placed.
2
Determine the required punctuation pattern to set off this nonessential element.
Standard English conventions require that nonessential elements be set off by matching pairs of punctuation: either two commas, two em dashes, or two parentheses.
Using mismatched punctuation (such as a comma at the beginning and an em dash at the end) violates the rule of punctuation symmetry.
3
Evaluate the options to find the one with matching punctuation marks.
The option using matching em dashes ('—contrary to... world—') is correct. All other options mix commas and em dashes or omit one of the boundaries.
Selecting the option with symmetrical punctuation ensures the sentence conforms to Standard English conventions.

Anahtar Kavram

Punctuation of Nonessential Elements
Soru 18Soru →

The passage below contains a blank indicating a missing punctuation mark. Which punctuation mark should be placed in the blank to correctly set off the nonessential element?

Aşağıdaki boşlukları doldurun

Although many historians attribute the invention of the marine chronometer solely to John Harrison, the contribution of his son William—who made several arduous voyages across the Atlantic to test the device's accuracy under harsh maritime conditionswas equally vital to solving the long-standing longitude problem. William's meticulous record-keeping helped prove the reliability of the marine chronometer to the Board of Longitude.
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Cevap

An em dash (—)
The sentence sets off the nonessential relative clause describing William's voyages with an em dash after his name ('William—'). To maintain grammatical symmetry, the clause must also end with a matching em dash. Therefore, an em dash (—) is required in the blank.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the nonessential element in the sentence.
The phrase 'who made several arduous voyages across the Atlantic to test the device's accuracy under harsh maritime conditions' is a nonessential relative clause modifying the noun 'William.'
This clause provides descriptive information about William but is not grammatically necessary for the main clause to function.
2
Analyze the punctuation starting the nonessential element.
An em dash (—) is used immediately before the relative clause starts, right after the name 'William.'
Nonessential elements must be set off by matching punctuation on both sides to maintain parallel structure.
3
Select the matching punctuation to close the nonessential element.
An em dash (—) must be placed in the blank.
Ending the clause with a comma or any other punctuation mark would create asymmetry with the opening em dash.

Anahtar Kavram

Punctuation of Nonessential Elements
Soru 19Soru →

The mimic octopus ______ possesses an extraordinary ability to impersonate other marine species. By dynamically altering its shape, color, and movement, this clever cephalopod can mimic creatures such as flatfish, lionfish, and sea snakes. Marine biologists have observed that the animal adjusts its behavior depending on the specific threat it faces, demonstrating an impressive level of situational awareness.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

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Cevap: , a unique cephalopod native to the Indo-Pacific,

Cevap

The option that correctly uses a matching pair of commas: ', a unique cephalopod native to the Indo-Pacific,'
The phrase 'a unique cephalopod native to the Indo-Pacific' is a nonessential appositive that provides extra information about the subject 'The mimic octopus.' Because the main clause remains grammatically complete without it, this nonessential element must be set off from the rest of the sentence using a matching pair of punctuation marks. The correct option uses a matching pair of commas (one before the phrase and one after it) to correctly set off the nonessential element.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the subject of the sentence and the core clause to determine if the intervening phrase is essential or nonessential.
The core clause is 'The mimic octopus possesses an extraordinary ability...' which is grammatically complete on its own. The phrase 'a unique cephalopod native to the Indo-Pacific' is a nonessential appositive.
Nonessential elements must be set off from the rest of the sentence with matching punctuation marks.
2
Analyze the punctuation surrounding the nonessential phrase in each option to look for matching pairs.
Only the option using two commas provides a matched pair on both sides of the phrase. Other options combine different marks (a comma and an em dash, or an em dash and a comma) or omit one of the marks entirely.
Standard English conventions require that nonessential elements be set off with symmetrical punctuation (comma-comma, dash-dash, or parenthesis-parenthesis).

Anahtar Kavram

Setting off nonessential elements with symmetrical punctuation marks (matching commas, em dashes, or parentheses).
Tahmini Süre:45s
Soru 20Soru →

The passage below contains a blank indicating a missing punctuation mark. Which punctuation mark should be placed in the blank to correctly set off the nonessential relative clause?

Aşağıdaki boşlukları doldurun

Discovered in 1799 near the Egyptian town of Rashid, the Rosetta Stone has played a vital role in modern linguistics. The ancient slab, which features three translations of a single decree allowed scholars to decipher Egyptian hieroglyphs. By comparing the Greek text with the hieroglyphic version, researchers finally unlocked the mysteries of an ancient writing system.
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Cevap

A comma (`,`) must be placed in the blank.
The clause 'which features three translations of a single decree' is a nonessential relative clause that provides descriptive detail about 'the ancient slab.' To set off nonessential elements, matching punctuation marks must be used at the beginning and end of the element. Since a comma is used after 'slab' to open the clause, a matching comma must be placed in the blank to close the clause.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the nonessential element in the sentence.
The clause 'which features three translations of a single decree' is a nonessential relative clause because it provides extra information about 'the ancient slab' but is not required to identify the slab or complete the main idea of the sentence.
Recognizing nonessential clauses helps determine if and how they should be set off with punctuation.
2
Check the punctuation already used to introduce the nonessential clause.
The clause begins with a comma after 'slab'.
This establishes the punctuation style used for the sentence.
3
Apply the rule of punctuation symmetry to complete the sentence.
A matching comma must be placed in the blank to close the nonessential clause.
Nonessential elements must be set off by matching punctuation marks (comma-comma, dash-dash, or parenthesis-parenthesis).

Anahtar Kavram

Punctuation of Nonessential Elements
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Punctuation of Nonessential Elements Alıştırma Soruları — SAT | Examkin