Tüm alıştırma soruları

In 2021, paleontologist Yara Haridy examined the fossilized bone of a Triassic reptile and identified a case of tuberculosis. The ________ findings suggest that this infectious disease has existed in vertebrates for over 240 million years. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

While researching the dwarf planet Ceres, a student takes the following notes:
* Ceres is the largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.
* In $2015$, NASA’s *Dawn* spacecraft arrived at Ceres to analyze its surface composition and geology.
* *Dawn* detected abundant water ice and organic compounds mixed with clay minerals on Ceres's surface.
* The spacecraft also discovered bright spots in Occator Crater, which were identified as sodium carbonate deposits left behind by evaporated salty water.
* These findings suggest that Ceres once had a global ocean and may have been geologically active in its recent past.

The student wants to summarize the findings of NASA's *Dawn* spacecraft mission. Which choice most effectively uses information from the given notes to accomplish this goal?

A coffee shop owner records the number of customers served during each hour of an 8-hour shift. The recorded numbers of customers are $11$, $13$, $14$, $15$, $17$, $18$, $20$, and $x$. If the mean number of customers served per hour is equal to the median number of customers served per hour for this shift, and $x > 18$, what is the value of $x$?

Minoan wall paintings, or frescoes, from the Bronze Age site of Akrotiri often depict vivid scenes of nature and ritual, rendered in vibrant mineral pigments. While early scholars interpreted these works as purely decorative expressions of a peace-loving maritime society, recent archaeological analyses suggest they served a more complex sociopolitical purpose. Specifically, researchers have identified recurring geometric borders that separate distinct narrative panels within the murals. These borders, far from being minor embellishments, actually delineate boundaries between different social classes or ranks depicted in the adjacent scenes. Consequently, the frescoes are now understood to have functioned as visual codifications of social hierarchy rather than mere aesthetic ornaments.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?

A student is taking notes on psephology for a research project:

* Psephology is a specialized field of political science.
* It is defined as the quantitative analysis of elections and voting behavior.
* The term was coined in 1952 by British academic David Butler.
* Practitioners of this field analyze polling data and demographic trends to predict election outcomes.

The student wants to provide a definition of psephology to an audience unfamiliar with the term. Which choice uses information from the given notes to accomplish this goal?

Complete the text with the most logical and precise word.

A researcher wants to investigate the relationship between regular exercise and resting heart rate for adults residing in a certain city. The researcher obtains a list of all registered members of a large local fitness center and randomly selects 250 of these members to participate in a study. The study finds a strong negative correlation: members who reported exercising more than 5 hours per week had, on average, a significantly lower resting heart rate than those who reported exercising less than 5 hours per week. Which of the following is the most appropriate conclusion to draw from this study?

In the quadratic equation $2x^2 - 15x + c = 0$, $c$ is a constant. If one of the solutions to the equation is $x = 6$, what is the other solution?

Complete the passage by typing the grammatically correct form of the noun 'gecko' in the blank.

Although many historians have characterized the ancient city of Teotihuacán as a highly centralized empire ruled by a single, all-powerful dynasty, archaeological excavations have failed to locate any royal tombs or depictions of individual rulers. Instead, evidence suggests the city was governed by a multiethnic corporate coalition. ________, some scholars continue to search for hidden chambers within the Pyramids of the Sun and Moon, convinced that a singular elite tomb must exist.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Although Norse seafarers of the early medieval period lacked magnetic compasses, they navigated the open waters of the North Atlantic using calcite crystals known as Iceland spar. By holding these double-refracting crystals up to the sky, navigators could identify the position of the sun even under dense cloud cover or during twilight. A team of researchers led by Stephen Harrigan simulated these voyages under varying atmospheric conditions. The team found that while Iceland spar was highly reliable under overcast skies, its efficacy decreased significantly in heavy fog because the water droplets dispersed the polarized light, preventing the crystal from producing the distinct double-refraction pattern required for alignment. Consequently, during periods of thick fog, Norse navigators relied on alternative sensory cues, such as the behavior of seabirds and ocean swells, to estimate their position.

Based on the text, what is true of the use of Iceland spar by Norse navigators?

Text 1
For years, genomic research supported the hypothesis that modern dogs ($Canis\ lupus\ familiaris$) were domesticated from a single, now-extinct wolf population in Western Eurasia between $15{}000$ and $30{}000$ years ago. Proponents of this single-origin model point to shared genetic markers across diverse ancient canine remains, arguing that the complex behavioral adaptations required for domestication—such as reduced fear of humans and altered dietary tolerance—were so evolutionary improbable that they likely occurred only once. From this perspective, any genetic similarities found in eastern wolf populations are merely the result of subsequent migrations and interbreeding, rather than independent domestication events.

Text 2
Conversely, a $2022$ study analyzing ancient genomes suggests a dual-ancestry model, showing that early dogs in eastern Eurasia and western Eurasia were genetically distinct. The researchers propose that wolves may have been domesticated independently by two separate human communities in these geographically isolated regions. While some biologists argue that this dual-origin theory overcomplicates canine evolutionary history, the distinct genetic profiles of early Siberian and European dogs suggest that human-wolf self-domestication pathways were not singular anomalies, but rather replicable ecological interactions that occurred when human settlements expanded.

Based on the texts, how would the author of Text 1 most likely characterize the dual-ancestry model discussed in Text 2?

In cognitive psychology, researchers investigated how auditory distractions affect visual-spatial processing. Participants performed a spatial navigation task while exposed to either steady low-frequency hums or irregular, high-frequency clicks. The researchers found that while low-frequency hums did not decrease performance, the irregular high-frequency clicks significantly reduced spatial accuracy. However, when participants performed the same spatial task while concurrently completing a verbal memory task, the addition of the high-frequency clicks caused no further decline in spatial accuracy beyond the reduction caused by the verbal task itself. This suggests that ______

Which choice most logically completes the text?

The function $f$ is defined by $f(x) = -x^2 + 6x - 1$. The function $g$ is defined by $g(x) = f(x + 2) - 5$. If the maximum value of $g(x)$ in the $xy$-plane occurs at the point $(h, k)$, what is the value of $h + k$?

For decades, ecologists believed that the relationship between *Cecropia* trees and *Azteca* ants was purely mutualistic, with the ants defending the host tree from herbivores in exchange for nesting space and nutrients. _______, recent studies have revealed a more complex, context-dependent dynamic: when herbivores are absent, the ants continue to consume the tree's resources without providing any measurable defense, shifting the relationship toward parasitism.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

An environmental study monitors the populations of two fish species in a lake. At the start of the study ($t = 0$), Species A has a population of $1,200$ and its population decreases by $40$ each year. Species B has a population of $800$ and its population increases by $5\%$ each year. To the nearest whole number, what is the positive difference in the populations of the two species at year $t = 3$?

While researching the scaly-foot gastropod (*Chrysomallon squamiferum*), a student takes the following notes:

* *Chrysomallon squamiferum* is a deep-sea snail species first discovered in 2001.
* It lives near hydrothermal vents in the Indian Ocean, which are characterized by extreme heat, high pressure, and high mineral concentrations.
* In 2003, researchers led by biologist Anders Warén published a study detailing the snail's physical structure.
* The researchers found that the snail incorporates iron sulfide minerals—specifically greigite and pyrite—into its scales and outer shell.
* The study concluded that this iron-based armor protects the snail from both the harsh environment and predatory crabs.

The student wants to summarize the study's findings about *Chrysomallon squamiferum*. Which choice most effectively uses information from the given notes to accomplish this goal?

Which transition word or phrase most logically completes the passage?

While preparing a presentation on ecology, a student took the following notes:
* Phenology is the study of periodic biological events in nature and how they relate to climatic changes.
* These biological events include leaf budding, bird migration, and insect emergence.
* Phenological data helps scientists understand the impact of global warming on ecosystems.
* The term "phenology" was first introduced by Belgian botanist Charles Morren in 1849.

The student wants to provide a definition of phenology. Which choice most effectively uses information from the given notes to accomplish this goal?

Architect Zaha Hadid was renowned for her dynamic, fluid designs that challenged traditional architectural geometry. In her early conceptual drawings for the Vitra Fire Station in Germany, the ________ sweeping curves and sharp angles created an intense sense of motion, ultimately transforming how contemporary critics viewed the relationship between space and form.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?