Tüm alıştırma soruları

Soru 2401Soru →

Text 1
Many archaeologists have traditionally viewed the clay envelopes (bullae) found in ancient Mesopotamian ruins as secure containers designed solely to prevent the tampering of token-based receipts during long-distance trade. By enclosing clay tokens—which represented commodity quantities—inside a sealed envelope, merchants could guarantee that the cargo's contents matched the record. According to this view, the bullae were purely practical administrative tools that served as a safeguard against merchant dishonesty, functioning as a precursor to modern bills of lading.

Text 2
While bullae certainly protected the tokens within, archaeologist Denise Schmandt-Besserat and others suggest that the evolution of these envelopes reflects a critical cognitive shift in human history rather than just a commercial security measure. As administrators began pressing the tokens into the wet clay exterior of the envelope before sealing them inside, they created a redundant record. This practice of representing three-dimensional tokens with two-dimensional impressions eventually made the enclosed tokens obsolete, directly catalyzing the invention of cuneiform writing. Thus, the primary significance of bullae lies not in their defensive utility in trade, but in their role as the conceptual bridge to true writing systems.

Based on the texts, how would the author of Text 2 most likely characterize the view of the archaeologists described in Text 1?

As an incomplete account that overlooks the role of the envelopes in the transition to written communication.

As a fundamentally incorrect theory that misinterprets the primary commercial function of the clay envelopes.

As a speculative hypothesis that lacks physical evidence of token-based trade practices.

As a correct analysis that explains why two-dimensional impressions were eventually preferred over clay tokens.

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: As an incomplete account that overlooks the role of the envelopes in the transition to written communication.

Cevap

As an incomplete account that overlooks the role of the envelopes in the transition to written communication.

The correct answer shows that the author of Text 2 views the traditional archaeological theory as incomplete because, while acknowledging that the envelopes functioned to protect tokens, the author of Text 2 argues that their main significance is their cognitive and evolutionary role in leading to written language, which the traditional view fails to address.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Identify the core claim of the archaeologists in Text 1.

The traditional view claims that Mesopotamian clay envelopes (bullae) were purely practical administrative tools used as a safeguard to prevent tampering during long-distance trade.

This establishes the target perspective that the author of Text 2 responds to.

2

Analyze how the author of Text 2 views this claim.

The author of Text 2 concedes that the envelopes protected tokens ('While bullae certainly protected the tokens within...'), but argues that their primary significance was serving as a conceptual bridge to cuneiform writing.

This shows that the author of Text 2 views the Text 1 perspective as partially accurate but limited in scope.

3

Compare this relationship to the option choices to find the best fit.

The option stating the view is an incomplete account that overlooks the transition to written communication matches this relationship.

This selects the correct answer by synthesizing the comparison between the two texts.

Anahtar Kavram

Cross-Text Connections: Perspective Comparison

Tahmini Süre:1m 30s

Soru 2402Soru →

Economist Dr. Hannah Vance and her team investigated the economic impact of "micro-transit" systems—flexible, on-demand public shuttle services—in suburban cities. Vance hypothesized that these networks, by connecting low-income residential areas directly to commercial centers, would boost the revenues of local micro-businesses (firms with fewer than five employees) within those centers. Vance's team analyzed commercial activity in several commercial centers before and after the introduction of micro-transit services. Which finding from the study, if true, would most directly support the team's hypothesis?

Commercial centers that received new micro-transit connections experienced a significant increase in the average monthly revenue of micro-businesses, with a majority of new customers reporting they arrived via the shuttles from connected low-income residential areas.

Residents of connected low-income areas reported that they saved an average of thirty minutes per trip and felt much safer using the micro-transit shuttles than they did using traditional fixed-route buses.

Large retail chains located in shopping centers outside of the micro-transit service zones reported higher revenue growth than did micro-businesses situated inside the transit-connected commercial centers.

The municipal government was able to fully fund the operation of the micro-transit shuttle systems using the increased commercial property tax revenues collected from businesses in the suburban cities.

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Commercial centers that received new micro-transit connections experienced a significant increase in the average monthly revenue of micro-businesses, with a majority of new customers reporting they arrived via the shuttles from connected low-income residential areas.

Cevap

Commercial centers that received new micro-transit connections experienced a significant increase in the average monthly revenue of micro-businesses, with a majority of new customers reporting they arrived via the shuttles from connected low-income residential areas.

The correct answer is the option describing commercial centers that received new micro-transit connections. This option directly supports the hypothesis by providing evidence that correlates the introduction of the transit service with the predicted outcome: an increase in the monthly revenue of local micro-businesses driven by customers arriving from the connected low-income residential areas.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Identify the researchers' central hypothesis.

The hypothesis is that micro-transit networks, by connecting low-income residential areas to commercial centers, would increase the revenues of local micro-businesses within those centers.

Understanding the specific mechanism and claim of the hypothesis is necessary to determine what evidence would support it.

2

Evaluate the choices to find which one shows the predicted connection and outcome.

The option showing that commercial centers with new connections had higher micro-business revenues, driven by customers arriving via the shuttles from low-income areas, aligns directly with the hypothesis.

This establishes the direct causal link between the transit system and the increased revenue of the micro-businesses.

3

Eliminate choices that address unrelated claims, misread details, or make speculative inferences.

Options about rider satisfaction, large retail chains outside the zones, or municipal tax funding are eliminated.

None of these options provide direct empirical support for the specific hypothesis regarding micro-business revenues inside the connected hubs.

Anahtar Kavram

Command of Evidence: Textual

Soru 2403Soru →

Many orchid species rely on visual and olfactory mimicry to attract specific insect pollinators. The orchid *Ophrys speculum* mimics the female wasp *Campsomeris ciliata* to attract male wasps. Although this mimicry is highly effective, researchers noted that in regions where female wasps are exceptionally abundant, the pollination rate of *Ophrys speculum* drops significantly, even though the male wasp population remains constant. Because male wasps prioritize actual females when available, the presence of real females reduces the appeal of the decoy orchids. Therefore, in areas with high densities of female *Campsomeris ciliata*, the orchids are likely to experience ______

Which choice most logically completes the text?

an evolutionary pressure to develop visual mimicry of other, more common insect species in the region

a decrease in their overall population size that is proportional to the number of male wasps in the ecosystem

a decline in pollination success because male wasps are more frequently lured by real mates than by the orchids

increased pollination rates if the orchids can produce a stronger scent than other flowering plant species in the same habitat

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: a decline in pollination success because male wasps are more frequently lured by real mates than by the orchids

Cevap

a decline in pollination success because male wasps are more frequently lured by real mates than by the orchids

The passage states that when female wasps are abundant, the pollination rate of the orchids drops significantly because male wasps prefer mating with real females over the mimic orchids. Thus, it can be logically concluded that in areas with high female wasp density, the orchids will see decreased pollination rates as male wasps choose actual mates over the mimicry.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Identify the primary mechanism of pollination for the orchid described in the passage.

The orchid mimics female wasps to attract male wasps for pollination purposes.

Establishing the baseline behavior helps trace the effect of changes in the environment.

2

Analyze how the abundance of female wasps affects the male wasps' choice.

Male wasps prefer real females over the mimic orchids, so an abundance of real females makes the orchids less appealing.

This defines the competitive relationship between the real females and the decoy orchids.

3

Determine the logical consequence of this behavior on the orchids' pollination rates in high-density areas.

The orchids will experience lower pollination success because the constant population of male wasps is busy mating with real females.

This directly completes the final inference of the text.

Anahtar Kavram

Logical Inferences

Soru 2404Soru →

In the quadratic equation $3x^2 - 18x + c = 0$ , $c$ is a constant. If the sum of the squares of the two real solutions to this equation is $26$ , what is the value of $c$ ?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: 15

Cevap

The value of

c

is

15

.

To find the value of

c

, we apply Vieta's formulas to the equation

3x^2 - 18x + c = 0

. The sum of the solutions is

x_1 + x_2 = -\frac{-18}{3} = 6

, and the product of the solutions is

x_1 x_2 = \frac{c}{3}

. Using the identity

x_1^2 + x_2^2 = (x_1 + x_2)^2 - 2x_1 x_2

, we substitute the given values:

26 = 6^2 - 2\left(\frac{c}{3}\right)

. This simplifies to

26 = 36 - \frac{2c}{3}

. Subtracting

36

from both sides yields

-10 = -\frac{2c}{3}

, which gives

2c = 30

, and thus

c = 15

. Alternatively, since the vertex of the corresponding parabola is at

x = -\frac{-18}{2(3)} = 3

, the two solutions can be represented symmetrically as

3 + d

and

3 - d

. The sum of their squares is

(3 + d)^2 + (3 - d)^2 = (9 + 6d + d^2) + (9 - 6d + d^2) = 18 + 2d^2

. Setting this equal to the given value of

26

yields

18 + 2d^2 = 26 \implies 2d^2 = 8 \implies d^2 = 4 \implies d = 2

. Therefore, the solutions are

3 + 2 = 5

and

3 - 2 = 1

. Substituting either solution back into the original equation, such as

x = 1

, yields

3(1)^2 - 18(1) + c = 0 \implies -15 + c = 0 \implies c = 15

.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Find the sum and product of the solutions to the quadratic equation.

The sum of the solutions is

x_1 + x_2 = 6

, and their product is

x_1 x_2 = \frac{c}{3}

.

According to Vieta's formulas, for a quadratic equation

ax^2 + bx + c = 0

, the sum of the solutions is

-\frac{b}{a}

and the product of the solutions is

\frac{c}{a}

.

2

Relate the sum of the squares of the solutions to their sum and product using the algebraic identity.

x_1^2 + x_2^2 = (x_1 + x_2)^2 - 2x_1 x_2 \implies 26 = (6)^2 - 2\left(\frac{c}{3}\right)

.

The algebraic identity

(x_1 + x_2)^2 = x_1^2 + 2x_1 x_2 + x_2^2

can be rearranged to express the sum of squares

x_1^2 + x_2^2

in terms of the sum and product.

3

Solve the resulting linear equation for the constant

c

.

26 = 36 - \frac{2c}{3} \implies \frac{2c}{3} = 10 \implies c = 15

.

Subtracting

36

from both sides gives

-10 = -\frac{2c}{3}

. Multiplying by

-3

gives

30 = 2c

, which yields

c = 15

.

Anahtar Kavram

Vieta's Formulas and Algebraic Identities

Soru 2405Soru →

In triangle $XYZ$ , point $W$ lies on side $XY$ and point $V$ lies on side $XZ$ such that line segment $WV$ is parallel to side $YZ$ . If $XW = 4$ , $WY = 2$ , and $WV = 6$ , what is the length of side $YZ$ ?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: 9

Cevap

9

Because segment

WV

is parallel to segment

YZ

, triangle

XWV

is similar to triangle

XYZ

by the Angle-Angle (AA) similarity theorem. The ratio of the corresponding side lengths is constant, which gives the proportion

\frac{YZ}{WV} = \frac{XY}{XW}

. The length of side

XY

is

XW + WY = 4 + 2 = 6

. Substituting the values into the proportion yields

\frac{YZ}{6} = \frac{6}{4}

. Solving for

YZ

gives

YZ = 9

.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Calculate the length of side

XY

XY = 6

The length of side

XY

is the sum of segment lengths

XW

and

WY

:

XY = XW + WY = 4 + 2 = 6

.

2

Determine that triangle

XWV

is similar to triangle

XYZ

\triangle XWV \sim \triangle XYZ

Because segment

WV

is parallel to segment

YZ

, corresponding angles

\angle XWV

and

\angle XYZ

are congruent, and corresponding angles

\angle XVW

and

\angle XZY

are congruent. Since they also share

\angle X

, the two triangles are similar by the Angle-Angle (AA) similarity criterion.

3

Set up a proportion and solve for

YZ

YZ = 9

Corresponding sides of similar triangles are proportional:

\frac{YZ}{WV} = \frac{XY}{XW}

. Substituting the known values gives

\frac{YZ}{6} = \frac{6}{4}

. Multiplying both sides by 6 yields

YZ = \frac{36}{4} = 9

.

Anahtar Kavram

Finding side lengths in similar triangles using the Angle-Angle similarity theorem when a line is parallel to one side of a triangle.

Soru 2406Soru →

For years, astrophysicists hypothesized that close-in giant planets, or "hot Jupiters," form far from their parent stars and migrate inward over time because the intense radiation near a star would prevent gas accretion. Recent observational surveys of young star clusters have detected several massive gas giants orbiting extremely close to newborn stars that are only a few million years old. These findings suggest that in-situ formation��where a giant planet accumulates its gas envelope directly in its close-in orbit—is not only possible but may be relatively common under certain protoplanetary disk conditions. ______ migration remains the primary explanation for the orbits of most older, established hot Jupiters.

Which choice completes the passage with the most logical transition?

Still,

Furthermore,

Consequently,

Specifically,

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Still,

Cevap

Still,

The correct option is the transition that signals a contrast or concession. The passage establishes that while new observations suggest giant planets can form in-situ close to newborn stars, migration remains the primary theory for older, established hot Jupiters. The transition 'Still,' successfully conveys this concession, indicating that the traditional migration theory remains dominant overall despite the new evidence.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Analyze the relationship between the ideas in the passage.

The text discusses new evidence showing that hot Jupiters can form in-situ (close to their stars) rather than migrating. However, the final sentence notes that migration is still the main explanation for most older hot Jupiters.

Understanding the logical connection between the sentence before the blank and the sentence with the blank is necessary to select the correct transition.

2

Determine the type of transition required.

The final sentence qualifies or limits the previous sentence's claim. Even if in-situ formation is possible and common under some conditions, migration is still the primary explanation overall. This requires a transition that signals contrast or concession.

Identifying the relationship as contrast/concession helps narrow down the choices.

3

Evaluate the choices to find the one that indicates contrast or concession.

The transition 'Still,' is used to introduce a statement that qualifies or contrasts with what was just said. The other transitions ('Furthermore,' 'Consequently,' 'Specifically,') signal addition, cause-and-effect, and elaboration, respectively, which do not fit the context.

Matching the identified relationship type to the function of the transition words determines the correct answer.

Anahtar Kavram

Transitions: Contrast and Concession

Tahmini Süre:1m 0s

Soru 2407Soru →

Which form of the noun 'chemist' correctly completes the blank in the passage below?

Aşağıdaki boşlukları doldurun

In 1915, chemist Alice Ball developed an injectable extract of chaulmoogra oil, which became the first effective treatment for Hansen's disease (leprosy). Although another scientist later attempted to claim credit for her work, the medical community ultimately recognized Ball’s pioneering role. Today, historians celebrate the breakthrough as a milestone in infectious disease treatment.

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

chemist's

The sentence requires a singular possessive noun to show that the breakthrough belongs to the single chemist mentioned in the passage, Alice Ball. The singular possessive form of 'chemist' is 'chemist's'.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Determine whether the noun should be singular or plural.

The passage refers to a single individual, Alice Ball. Therefore, the singular form of 'chemist' is needed.

Identifying the noun's number determines the base spelling before applying possessive punctuation.

2

Determine whether the noun should be possessive.

The noun modifies 'breakthrough' to show who the breakthrough belongs to, which requires the possessive case.

Possessive nouns are used to indicate ownership or association with another noun.

3

Apply the punctuation rule for a singular possessive noun.

Add an apostrophe followed by 's' to the singular noun 'chemist,' resulting in 'chemist's'.

Singular possessive nouns in English are formed by adding -'s to the end of the singular noun.

Anahtar Kavram

Plural and Possessive Nouns

Soru 2408Soru →

The scaly-foot gastropod (*Chrysomallon squamiferum*), a hydrothermal vent snail, possesses a unique shell structure composed of three distinct layers. The outermost layer is reinforced with iron sulfides, primarily greigite, which gives the shell a metallic appearance and magnetic properties. The middle layer consists of a spongy organic structure that acts as a shock absorber against mechanical attacks from predators. The innermost layer is made of aragonite, a common form of calcium carbonate. While researchers initially hypothesized that the iron-rich outer layer serves as a defense against chemical toxicity, recent studies demonstrate that its primary function is mechanical, dispersing the energy of crushing attacks from crabs and other predators by cracking along microscopic lines without compromising the underlying structural layers.

Based on the text, what is true of the outermost layer of the scaly-foot gastropod's shell?

It is composed of a spongy organic structure that functions as a shock absorber.

It was proven by recent studies to serve as the snail’s primary defense against chemical toxicity.

Its primary purpose is to disperse the force of physical attacks through microscopic fractures.

It is constructed from aragonite to give the shell its magnetic properties.

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Its primary purpose is to disperse the force of physical attacks through microscopic fractures.

Cevap

The outermost layer's primary purpose is to disperse the force of physical attacks through microscopic fractures.

The text states that recent studies demonstrate the primary function of the outermost layer is mechanical, dispersing the energy of crushing attacks from predators by cracking along microscopic lines. This directly matches the statement that its primary purpose is to disperse the force of physical attacks through microscopic fractures.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Analyze the question stem to identify what details are requested about the outermost layer of the shell.

The target of search is the outermost layer of the scaly-foot gastropod's shell.

This establishes the parameters for scanning the passage for relevant details.

2

Locate explicit statements in the passage regarding the outermost layer's composition and function.

The text states that the outermost layer is reinforced with iron sulfides, and that recent studies show its primary function is mechanical, dispersing the energy of crushing attacks by cracking along microscopic lines.

This retrieves the explicit facts directly stated in the text to compare with the options.

3

Evaluate each option against the located facts and eliminate incorrect options.

The option describing its function as dispersing the force of physical attacks through microscopic fractures matches the text. Other options describe the middle or inner layers or state refuted hypotheses as facts.

This guarantees that the chosen answer is directly supported by the text and all incorrect choices are eliminated.

Anahtar Kavram

Explicit Details

Soru 2409Soru →

Triangle $ABC$ is similar to triangle $DEF$ , where vertex $A$ corresponds to vertex $D$ , vertex $B$ corresponds to vertex $E$ , and vertex $C$ corresponds to vertex $F$ . The length of side $AB$ is $6$ , the length of side $BC$ is $8$ , and the length of side $DE$ is $3$ . What is the length of side $EF$ ?

16

4

5

2.25

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: $4$

Cevap

The correct answer is

4

.

The correct answer is

4

. Since triangle

ABC

is similar to triangle

DEF

, the ratio of their corresponding side lengths must be equal. We set up the proportion

\frac{AB}{DE} = \frac{BC}{EF}

. Substituting the given values gives

\frac{6}{3} = \frac{8}{EF}

, which simplifies to

2 = \frac{8}{EF}

. Solving for

EF

gives

EF = 4

.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Identify corresponding sides of the two similar triangles.

Since triangle

ABC

is similar to triangle

DEF

, side

AB

corresponds to side

DE

and side

BC

corresponds to side

EF

.

The ordering of vertices in similarity statements determines corresponding parts.

2

Set up a proportion using the ratios of corresponding sides.

The proportion is

\frac{AB}{DE} = \frac{BC}{EF}

, which translates to

\frac{6}{3} = \frac{8}{EF}

.

Corresponding sides of similar triangles are proportional.

3

Solve for the unknown length

EF

.

2 = \frac{8}{EF}

, which gives

EF = \frac{8}{2} = 4

.

Isolate the variable by simplifying the ratio and solving the algebraic equation.

Anahtar Kavram

The ratio of corresponding side lengths in similar triangles is constant.

Soru 2410Soru →

The table below shows the distribution of the number of goals scored by a soccer team in each of its $15$ games last season.

Goals Scored	Number of Games
$0$	$3$
$1$	$5$
$2$	$4$
$3$	$2$
$9$	$1$

Which of the following statements best describes how the mean and the median of the number of goals scored will change if the game with $9$ goals is removed from the dataset?

Both the mean and the median values will remain unchanged.

The median value will be reduced, while the mean value will not change.

The mean value will be reduced, while the median value will not change.

Both the mean and the median values will be reduced.

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: The mean value will be reduced, while the median value will not change.

Cevap

The mean value will be reduced, while the median value will not change.

To find the effect of removing the game with

9

goals, we compare the mean and median before and after its removal. The initial dataset has

15

games. The median is the

8\text{th}

value, which is

1

. The initial mean is

(0 \times 3 + 1 \times 5 + 2 \times 4 + 3 \times 2 + 9 \times 1) / 15 = 28/15 \approx 1.87

. If the game with

9

goals is removed, there are

14

games remaining. The new median is the average of the

7\text{th}

and

8\text{th}

values, which are both

1

, so the median remains

1

. The new mean is

(0 \times 3 + 1 \times 5 + 2 \times 4 + 3 \times 2) / 14 = 19/14 \approx 1.36

. The mean value decreases (is reduced) while the median value remains the same.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Calculate the initial mean and median of the dataset of

15

games.

The initial mean is approximately

1.87

and the initial median is

1

.

To establish the baseline values before removing any data.

2

Calculate the new mean and median of the dataset of

14

games after removing the game with

9

goals.

The new mean is approximately

1.36

and the new median is

1

.

To determine the values after the outlier is removed.

3

Compare the initial and new values for both the mean and median.

The mean decreases from approximately

1.87

to

1.36

, while the median remains

1

.

To select the statement that correctly describes the change in both statistical measures.

Anahtar Kavram

Effect of outliers on mean and median

Tahmini Süre:1m 30s

Soru 2411Soru →

Though art restorers have traditionally sought to render their interventions completely invisible to the naked eye, modern preservation philosophy advocates for a more transparent methodology. Today, conservators increasingly believe that any repairs should be _______, allowing future scholars to easily distinguish between the artist’s original brushstrokes and the material added during subsequent centuries.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

discernible

conspicuous

intrusive

superficial

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: discernible

Cevap

discernible

The correct answer is 'discernible'. The passage contrasts traditional restoration methods, which hid repairs, with modern methods that aim to make additions identifiable so that scholars can 'easily distinguish' them. 'Discernible' precisely means able to be perceived or recognized, fitting the context without introducing unwanted connotations.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Analyze the context of the passage.

The passage sets up a contrast between traditional restorers (who made repairs 'completely invisible') and modern conservators.

To identify the relationship between traditional and modern art preservation techniques.

2

Identify the clues surrounding the blank.

The text states that modern repairs should allow scholars to 'easily distinguish' the additions from the original work.

To determine the required meaning for the blank, which must mean 'able to be seen' or 'recognizable'.

3

Evaluate the choices based on meaning and tone.

Only 'discernible' correctly conveys that the repairs can be recognized without carrying negative or overly dramatic connotations.

To select the most precise and contextually appropriate academic vocabulary word.

Anahtar Kavram

Words in Context: High-Utility Vocabulary

Tahmini Süre:1m 30s

Soru 2412Soru →

In the 1920s, researchers at the Hawthorne Works telephone factory near Chicago conducted studies to determine if altering workplace illumination levels would affect worker productivity. They observed that productivity increased not only when lighting was improved but also when it was dimmed. This perplexing finding led the researchers to conclude that the workers were not responding to physical changes in their environment. Instead, the temporary increase in output was driven by the psychological effect of receiving attention from the observers. This phenomenon, now known as the Hawthorne Effect, remains a foundational concept in industrial psychology.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?

It reports a specific observation that serves as the foundation for the explanation introduced later in the passage.

It states the overarching conclusion of the study that the passage as a whole seeks to defend.

It details the physical changes in illumination that the factory owners implemented prior to the study.

It outlines a theoretical hypothesis that the researchers rejected before gathering evidence.

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: It reports a specific observation that serves as the foundation for the explanation introduced later in the passage.

Cevap

It reports a specific observation that serves as the foundation for the explanation introduced later in the passage.

The correct option is correct because the underlined sentence describes the specific finding—that productivity increased under both improved and dimmed lighting—which serves as the empirical basis for the researchers' subsequent conclusion that productivity was driven by psychological rather than physical factors.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Analyze the passage structure and identify the role of each sentence.

The first sentence introduces the study's setup. The second (underlined) sentence reports a specific outcome: productivity increased in both brighter and dimmer conditions. The subsequent sentences explain this outcome as a psychological reaction (the Hawthorne Effect) rather than a physical one.

Understanding the logical progression of the passage is necessary to determine how the underlined part relates to the whole.

2

Evaluate how the underlined sentence functions in relation to the sentences that follow it.

The underlined sentence presents the unexpected finding that directly prompts and forms the basis for the explanation (the Hawthorne Effect) detailed in the rest of the passage.

This establishes the logical connection between the part (the observation) and the whole (the development of the explanation).

Anahtar Kavram

Part-to-Whole Rhetorical Function

Soru 2413Soru →

The daily electricity consumption, in kilowatt-hours (kWh), of a household was recorded for 7 consecutive days: $12$ , $12$ , $13$ , $14$ , $14$ , $15$ , and $45$ . If the household's electricity consumption of $45\text{ kWh}$ on the seventh day is removed from the dataset, which of the following statements best describes the effect on the mean and the median of the dataset?

The mean decreases by a greater amount than the median.

The median decreases by a greater amount than the mean.

The mean decreases, but the median increases.

The mean increases, but the median decreases.

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: The mean decreases by a greater amount than the median.

Cevap

The mean decreases by a greater amount than the median.

The correct answer is correct because calculating the original mean yields

\approx 17.86\text{ kWh}

and the original median yields

14\text{ kWh}

. After removing the outlier (

45\text{ kWh}

), the mean decreases to

\approx 13.33\text{ kWh}

(a change of

4.53\text{ kWh}

) and the median decreases to

13.5\text{ kWh}

(a change of

0.5\text{ kWh}

). Comparing these changes shows the mean decreased by a larger amount.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Calculate the mean and median of the original 7-day dataset.

The original mean is

\frac{12 + 12 + 13 + 14 + 14 + 15 + 45}{7} = \frac{125}{7} \approx 17.86\text{ kWh}

. The sorted dataset is

12, 12, 13, 14, 14, 15, 45

, so the median is the middle value, which is

14\text{ kWh}

.

This establishes baseline values for the two measures.

2

Calculate the mean and median after removing the outlier of

45\text{ kWh}

.

The new mean is

\frac{12 + 12 + 13 + 14 + 14 + 15}{6} = \frac{80}{6} \approx 13.33\text{ kWh}

. The new sorted dataset is

12, 12, 13, 14, 14, 15

, so the median is the average of the two middle values:

\frac{13 + 14}{2} = 13.5\text{ kWh}

.

This provides the new values for comparison.

3

Compare the changes in the mean and the median.

The mean decreased by

17.86 - 13.33 = 4.53\text{ kWh}

. The median decreased by

14 - 13.5 = 0.5\text{ kWh}

. The decrease in the mean is greater.

This confirms the statement that describes the relative changes.

Anahtar Kavram

Effect of outliers on mean and median

Soru 2414Soru →

In the $xy$ -plane, the graph of the quadratic function $f$ is a parabola with vertex $(3, -8)$ and passes through the point $(1, 0)$ . If the graph intersects the $y$ -axis at $(0, c)$ , what is the value of $c$ ?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: 10

Cevap

The correct answer is 10.

By writing the function in vertex form

f(x) = a(x - h)^2 + k

and substituting the vertex

(3, -8)

, we obtain

f(x) = a(x - 3)^2 - 8

. Substituting the point

(1, 0)

into the equation gives

0 = a(1 - 3)^2 - 8

, which simplifies to

4a = 8

and yields

a = 2

. With the function fully defined as

f(x) = 2(x - 3)^2 - 8

, the

y

-intercept is found by calculating

f(0) = 2(0 - 3)^2 - 8 = 2(9) - 8 = 10

. Thus,

c = 10

.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Express the quadratic function in vertex form using the given vertex

(3, -8)

.

f(x) = a(x - 3)^2 - 8

The vertex form of a quadratic function is

f(x) = a(x - h)^2 + k

, where

(h, k)

is the vertex.

2

Substitute the coordinates of the point

(1, 0)

into the function to solve for the leading coefficient

a

.

a = 2

Since the graph passes through

(1, 0)

, substituting

x = 1

and

f(x) = 0

must satisfy the equation.

3

Substitute

x = 0

into the completed function

f(x) = 2(x - 3)^2 - 8

to find the value of

c

.

c = 10

The intersection with the

y

-axis occurs where the input

x

is 0.

Anahtar Kavram

Writing and evaluating quadratic functions using the vertex form

Soru 2415Soru →

A researcher wants to estimate the total number of households in a city of $40,000$ households that own at least one hybrid vehicle. The researcher randomly selects a sample of households to contact for a survey. The survey has a response rate of $40\%$ . Of the households that responded, $15\%$ reported owning at least one hybrid vehicle. A follow-up study of a random sample of the non-respondents indicates that the proportion of non-respondents who own at least one hybrid vehicle is half the proportion of the respondents who do. Based on the results of the survey and the follow-up study, what is the estimated total number of households in the city that own at least one hybrid vehicle?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: 4200

Cevap

The estimated total number of households in the city that own at least one hybrid vehicle is 4,200.

The correct answer of 4,200 is found by dividing the population of 40,000 households into two strata: respondents (40%, or 16,000 households) and non-respondents (60%, or 24,000 households). The number of hybrid-owning households among respondents is estimated as 15% of 16,000, which is 2,400. The proportion of hybrid owners among non-respondents is half of the respondents' rate, or 7.5%. The number of hybrid-owning households among non-respondents is estimated as 7.5% of 24,000, which is 1,800. Summing these estimates yields 2,400 + 1,800 = 4,200.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Calculate the size of the respondent and non-respondent strata in the population.

Respondent stratum:

16,000

households; Non-respondent stratum:

24,000

households.

Since the survey's response rate is

40\%

, we estimate that

40\%

of the

40,000

households are potential respondents, and the remaining

60\%

(

24,000

households) are potential non-respondents.

2

Determine the proportion of hybrid vehicle owners in each stratum.

Respondent proportion:

15\%

(or

0.15

); Non-respondent proportion:

7.5\%

(or

0.075

).

The respondent proportion is given as

15\%

. The follow-up study indicates the non-respondent proportion is half of the respondent proportion, which is

\frac{1}{2} \times 15\% = 7.5\%

.

3

Calculate the estimated number of households owning a hybrid vehicle in each stratum and sum them.

2,400 + 1,800 = 4,200

households.

Multiply each stratum size by its respective proportion:

16,000 \times 0.15 = 2,400

and

24,000 \times 0.075 = 1,800

. Adding these gives the total estimate of

4,200

.

Anahtar Kavram

Generalizing from stratified random samples to estimate population parameters while accounting for non-response bias.

Soru 2416Soru →

While researching paleoclimatology, a student takes the following notes:
* Researchers analyzed the carbon-13 isotope levels in the growth rings of African baobab trees (*Adansonia digitata*) in Zimbabwe.
* The analyzed trees span a period of over one thousand years, from 1000 to 2020 CE.
* Elevated carbon-13 isotope levels in the tree rings indicate periods of drought.
* Lower levels of carbon-13 isotope correspond to periods of increased rainfall.
* The researchers utilized these isotope measurements to reconstruct a detailed record of rainfall history in southern Africa.

The student wants to summarize the study and its findings. Which choice most effectively uses information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

African baobab trees (*Adansonia digitata*) in Zimbabwe contain carbon-13 isotopes that are elevated during droughts and lower during times of high rainfall.

By analyzing carbon-13 levels in Zimbabwean baobab tree rings spanning from 1000 to 2020 CE, researchers reconstructed a detailed, millennium-long record of rainfall patterns in southern Africa.

Researchers analyzed African baobab trees (*Adansonia digitata*) in Zimbabwe spanning from 1000 to 2020 CE to understand paleoclimatology.

Researchers used baobab tree rings to demonstrate that southern Africa experienced more severe droughts than periods of rainfall over the last millennium.

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: By analyzing carbon-13 levels in Zimbabwean baobab tree rings spanning from 1000 to 2020 CE, researchers reconstructed a detailed, millennium-long record of rainfall patterns in southern Africa.

Cevap

The correct answer summarizes the study by stating that researchers reconstructed a detailed, millennium-long record of rainfall patterns in southern Africa by analyzing carbon-13 levels in Zimbabwean baobab tree rings from 1000 to 2020 CE.

The correct answer effectively summarizes both the methodology and the findings of the study by combining the location and timeframe of the studied trees (Zimbabwe, 1000 to 2020 CE) with the analytical method (carbon-13 levels in tree rings) and the ultimate result of the research (reconstructing a detailed record of rainfall patterns).

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Identify the rhetorical goal specified in the prompt.

The student wants to summarize the study and its findings.

Understanding the goal helps filter out choices that focus only on introducing the topic, comparing elements, or highlighting minor details.

2

Analyze the notes to determine the key elements of the study and its findings.

The study involved measuring carbon-13 isotopes in baobab tree rings in Zimbabwe from 1000 to 2020 CE, and the finding was a reconstructed record of southern African rainfall history.

A complete summary must include both the primary method/subject of the study and its ultimate outcome or finding.

3

Evaluate the choices to find the one that combines these key elements.

The option describing the reconstruction of the millennium-long rainfall history using baobab tree rings from 1000 to 2020 CE is selected.

This option is the only one that comprehensively covers both the scope of the study and its findings without focusing on minor details or misrepresenting the data.

Anahtar Kavram

Rhetorical Synthesis: Summarization and Generalization

Soru 2417Soru →

The table below shows selected values for a polynomial function $f$ of degree 3.

$x$	$f(x)$
$-2$	$0$
$1$	$0$
$3$	$0$
$4$	$18$

What is the value of $f(0)$ ?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: 6

Cevap

The value of

f(0)

is 6.

The table shows the roots of the cubic function

f(x)

are

x = -2

,

x = 1

, and

x = 3

. This allows the function to be written in factored form as

f(x) = a(x + 2)(x - 1)(x - 3)

. Using the point

(4, 18)

from the table, we solve for

a

:

18 = a(4 + 2)(4 - 1)(4 - 3) \Rightarrow 18 = 18a \Rightarrow a = 1

. The function is

f(x) = (x + 2)(x - 1)(x - 3)

. Substituting

x = 0

gives

f(0) = (2)(-1)(-3) = 6

.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Identify the roots of the polynomial from the table.

The roots of the function are

x = -2

,

x = 1

, and

x = 3

.

The table shows that

f(x) = 0

at these values, indicating they are the

x

-intercepts or roots.

2

Write the general factored form of a degree 3 polynomial with these roots.

f(x) = a(x + 2)(x - 1)(x - 3)

A cubic polynomial with roots

r_1

,

r_2

, and

r_3

can be expressed as

f(x) = a(x - r_1)(x - r_2)(x - r_3)

for a constant coefficient

a

.

3

Find the value of the constant coefficient

a

using a known point from the table.

a = 1

Substituting the table values

x = 4

and

f(4) = 18

yields

18 = a(4 + 2)(4 - 1)(4 - 3)

, which simplifies to

18 = 18a

, so

a = 1

.

4

Calculate the value of

f(0)

using the fully defined function.

f(0) = 6

Substituting

x = 0

into the equation

f(x) = (x + 2)(x - 1)(x - 3)

gives

f(0) = (0 + 2)(0 - 1)(0 - 3) = 2 \times (-1) \times (-3) = 6

.

Anahtar Kavram

Using polynomial roots and extra points to define a polynomial function and evaluate it.

Soru 2418Soru →

An agricultural scientist is tracking the biomass, in grams, of two different plant species under controlled conditions. Species A starts with a biomass of $250$ grams and increases by $12$ grams each day. Species B starts with a biomass of $180$ grams and its biomass increases exponentially by a constant daily percentage. On day $5$ , the biomass of Species A and Species B is equal. What is the daily percentage increase in the biomass of Species B, to the nearest tenth of a percent?

11.5\%

14.4\%

34.4\%

10.0\%

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: $11.5\%$

Cevap

The correct answer is

11.5\%

.

The correct answer is

11.5\%

. First, find the biomass of Species A on day

5

using the linear equation

250 + 12(5) = 310

grams. Because the biomass of both species is equal on day

5

, set up the exponential equation for Species B as

180(1 + r)^5 = 310

, where

r

is the daily rate of increase. Divide both sides by

180

to get

(1 + r)^5 \approx 1.7222

. Taking the fifth root of both sides yields

1 + r \approx 1.1148

, which means

r \approx 0.1148

, or

11.5\%

.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Calculate the biomass of Species A on day

5

.

The biomass of Species A on day

5

is

250 + 12(5) = 310

grams.

This establishes the common biomass value that both species reach on day

5

using the linear growth model.

2

Set up the exponential growth equation for Species B.

The equation is

180(1 + r)^5 = 310

, where

r

is the daily growth rate.

Species B grows exponentially, starting at

180

grams and reaching

310

grams on day

5

.

3

Solve for the daily growth rate,

r

.

(1 + r)^5 = \frac{310}{180} \approx 1.7222

, which yields

1 + r \approx (1.7222)^{1/5} \approx 1.1148

, so

r \approx 0.1148

or

11.5\%

.

Isolating

r

by taking the fifth root of both sides gives the daily percentage increase.

Anahtar Kavram

Linear vs. Exponential Growth Models

Soru 2419Soru →

Which word completes the text with the most logical and precise meaning?

Aşağıdaki boşlukları doldurun

In architecture, the term 'brutalism' is often associated with raw, imposing concrete structures that can seem indifferent to their surroundings. However, proponents of the style argue that this aesthetic is not meant to be hostile; rather, it represents a desire for honesty in materials, presenting buildings that do not their structural elements behind decorative facades.

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

conceal (or hide, disguise, mask, obscure)

The passage contrasts the raw aesthetic of Brutalism with decorative facades that hide structural elements. Since Brutalism is described as representing a desire for 'honesty in materials,' the text asserts that these buildings do not hide or cover up their internal structures. Therefore, a word like 'conceal' logically completes the sentence.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Analyze the context of the sentence containing the blank.

The sentence states that Brutalism represents a desire for 'honesty in materials' and presents buildings that do not do something to their 'structural elements behind decorative facades.'

Understanding the contrast between the raw concrete aesthetic and decorative facades helps determine the relationship between the structures and their elements.

2

Determine the meaning required for the blank.

Since the style is characterized by raw concrete and a desire for 'honesty,' the buildings would not cover up or hide their structural elements behind facades.

The blank must be filled by a word meaning to hide, mask, or keep from sight, such as 'conceal'.

Anahtar Kavram

Identifying a word that fits the logical and precise context of a passage by analyzing surrounding clues.

Soru 2420Soru →

Beavers are widely recognized as ecosystem engineers due to their ability to alter landscapes through dam construction. By blocking watercourses, they create wetlands that support diverse plant and animal communities. While some researchers have argued that these dams primarily obstruct fish migration, recent studies indicate that the resulting ponds actually provide crucial rearing habitats for juvenile salmonids. Thus, the structural modifications introduced by beavers tend to enhance, rather than compromise, the resilience of local freshwater ecosystems.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?

It states the primary conclusion of the passage regarding the overall ecological value of beaver dams.

It details how salmonids navigate physical obstructions to illustrate how beavers select locations for their dams.

It introduces a potential drawback of dam construction in order to present research that counters it.

It predicts how future hydrological changes in wetlands will impact the survival rate of juvenile fish species.

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: It introduces a potential drawback of dam construction in order to present research that counters it.

Cevap

It introduces a potential drawback of dam construction in order to present research that counters it.

The correct option is the one stating that the sentence introduces a potential drawback of dam construction in order to present research that counters it. The first clause of the underlined sentence acknowledges the concern that dams obstruct fish migration (the drawback), while the second clause provides evidence from recent studies that these dammed areas provide crucial rearing habitats (countering the criticism) to support the overall argument that beavers benefit local ecosystems.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1

Analyze the passage structure and find the target sentence.

The target sentence is the third sentence, which addresses a conflict between an argument that dams obstruct migration and research that dams provide crucial rearing habitats.

Identifying the content and context of the sentence is necessary to evaluate its rhetorical function.

2

Determine the relationship between the target sentence and the rest of the text.

The passage establishes beavers as beneficial ecosystem engineers (sentences 1-2) and concludes that they enhance resilience (sentence 4). The target sentence addresses a counter-claim about fish migration but refutes it, thereby defending the general positive claim.

This establishes how the part relates to the whole argument.

3

Evaluate the answer choices to find the one that accurately describes this relationship.

The option stating that it introduces a potential drawback of dam construction in order to present research that counters it correctly describes this function.

The concern about migration is the drawback, and the studies showing rearing benefits counter it.

Anahtar Kavram

Identifying the rhetorical function of a specific sentence in a passage (Part-to-Whole).

Tahmini Süre:1m 30s

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