Tüm alıştırma soruları

The function $f$ is defined by $f(x) = -(\sqrt{x+2} - 1)$. The graph of the function $g$ in the $xy$-plane is obtained by shifting the graph of $f$ to the right by $3$ units and then down by $2$ units. If the point $(a, -5)$ lies on the graph of $g$, what is the value of $a$?

While researching the pitcher plant *Nepenthes lowii*, a student takes the following notes:
* *Nepenthes lowii* is a tropical pitcher plant native to the montane rainforests of Borneo.
* Unlike typical carnivorous plants that trap insects, *N. lowii* obtains nutrients through a mutualistic relationship with mountain tree shrews (*Tupaia montana*).
* In a 2009 study, botanist Charles Clarke and his research team analyzed the interactions between *N. lowii* and *T. montana*.
* The team found that *N. lowii* attracts tree shrews by producing carbohydrate-rich nectar on the underside of its pitcher lids.
* While perched on the pitcher to feed on the nectar, the tree shrews defecate into the pitcher bowls.
* This behavior provides the plant with essential nitrogen, which it absorbs through the pitcher walls.

The student wants to summarize the study and its findings. Which choice most effectively uses information from the given notes to accomplish this goal?

The bar-headed goose (*Anser indicus*) is famous for its high-altitude migration over the Himalayas. Unlike most birds that fly at lower altitudes where oxygen is abundant, these geese routinely fly at altitudes exceeding 8,000 meters. To sustain flight in such hypoxic environments, the bar-headed goose possesses hemoglobin with an exceptionally high affinity for oxygen, allowing it to load oxygen at its lungs even under low pressure. Additionally, their capillaries are spaced closer together in their flight muscles compared to other geese, which decreases the diffusion distance for oxygen from the blood to the muscle cells. However, this adaptation does not significantly increase their overall aerobic capacity under sea-level conditions.

According to the text, which statement is true about the physiological adaptations of the bar-headed goose?

A projectile is launched from a platform. The height $h(t)$, in meters, of the projectile $t$ seconds after launch is modeled by the equation $h(t) = -5t^2 + v_0 t + h_0$, where $v_0$ and $h_0$ are constants. If the projectile reaches its maximum height of $80$ meters at $3$ seconds after launch, what is the value of $h_0$?

For centuries, cartographers of the early modern era included features on maps that did not exist in reality, such as the mythical island of Hy-Brasil. While these inaccuracies are sometimes dismissed as mere blunders, historians of cartography argue they served a distinct purpose. By rendering these imagined lands with precise coordinates, mapmakers signaled their reliance on historical texts rather than direct geographical surveys. Consequently, these maps are best understood not as failed attempts at objective representation, but as records of the geographical authority of their time.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?

Planetary scientists studying Gale Crater on Mars have identified deposits of manganese oxides, minerals that on Earth form only under highly oxidizing conditions, often facilitated by atmospheric oxygen or microbial activity. Since Mars lacks a modern oxygen-rich atmosphere, some researchers inferred that the Martian atmosphere was once highly oxygenated. However, geologist Chloe Vance demonstrated in laboratory simulations that manganese can be oxidized by perchlorates—which are highly abundant in Martian soil—when exposed to ultraviolet radiation, even under anoxic conditions. Which choice most logically completes the text?

The hydrothermal vent worm *Alvinella pompejana* is known for its remarkable tolerance to extreme heat. Scientists hypothesized that the dense layer of filamentous bacteria coating the worm’s back acts as a protective thermal blanket, insulating it from the scalding vent water. To test this, researchers placed worms with intact bacterial layers and others with their bacterial layers removed into chambers that simulated fluctuating vent temperatures. If the bacteria functioned as an insulator, the worms without bacteria would show more rapid internal temperature fluctuations. However, the researchers found that internal temperature changes occurred at the same rate in both groups of worms. Which choice most logically completes the text?

The graph of the quadratic equation $y = 2x^2 - 12x + c$, where $c$ is a constant, is a parabola in the $xy$-plane. If the $y$-coordinate of the vertex of this parabola is $-5$, what is the value of $c$?

Complete the passage by typing the grammatically correct form of the noun 'bee' in the blank.

A sociologist is studying the print newspaper subscription habits of residents in a city. The table below shows the total number of households, the sample size, and the number of households in each sample that report subscribing to a print newspaper for the city's two districts.

Based on the results of these samples, what is the estimated total number of households in the city that subscribe to a print newspaper?

The following passage is missing a transition word or phrase that connects the ideas between the sentences. Which transition word or phrase most logically completes the passage?

A scientist is monitoring the population of two different bacteria cultures, Culture A and Culture B, in a laboratory. The table below shows the cell counts of the two cultures at $1$ hour and $3$ hours after the start of the experiment ($t=0$ hours).

It is known that the population of Culture A grows linearly, while the population of Culture B grows exponentially. If $A_0$ is the initial population of Culture A at $t=0$ hours, and $B_0$ is the initial population of Culture B at $t=0$ hours, what is the value of $B_0 - A_0$?

A hybrid vehicle uses $2$ gallons of fuel to travel $80$ miles in the city, and $2.5$ gallons of fuel to travel $120$ miles on the highway. A driver takes a trip that includes $40$ miles of city driving and $180$ miles of highway driving. What is the total number of gallons of fuel the vehicle is expected to use for the entire trip?

Text 1
For decades, researchers debated the function of the narwhal’s ($Monodon\ monoceros$) elongated tusk. In a 2014 study, Martin Nweeia and colleagues proposed that the tusk serves as a sensory organ. By analyzing the tusk’s structure, they discovered millions of nerve endings connecting the outer environment to the narwhal's brain. Nweeia's team demonstrated that exposing the tusk to varying salinity levels triggered immediate changes in the whale’s heart rate, suggesting that narwhals use their tusks to detect oceanographic variations and navigate through Arctic ice.

Text 2
While the sensory hypothesis is intriguing, evolutionary biologist Zackary Graham argues that the narwhal tusk is primarily a product of sexual selection. Graham’s team analyzed physical measurements of hundreds of narwhals, finding that tusk length is highly variable among males of the same age, a trait characteristic of ornaments used to signal social status or attract mates. Furthermore, because females rarely grow tusks and survive without the sensory input they supposedly provide, Graham contends that the tusk’s primary function is as a visual signal in male-male competition, rather than a critical survival tool.

Based on the texts, how would Graham (Text 2) most likely characterize the finding in Text 1 that narwhals exhibit changes in heart rate when their tusks are exposed to different salinity levels?

A rectangular prism has a length of $8$ centimeters, a width of $6$ centimeters, and a height of $h$ centimeters. A right circular cylinder has a base radius of $3$ centimeters and a height of $h$ centimeters. If the volume of the rectangular prism is $V$ cubic centimeters and the volume of the cylinder is $W$ cubic centimeters, which of the following expressions represents the ratio of $V$ to $W$ ?

While researching an archaeological site, a student takes the following notes:
* L���Anse aux Meadows is an archaeological site at the northern tip of Newfoundland, Canada.
* In the 1960s, Helge and Anne Stine Ingstad excavated the remains of eight Norse-style sod buildings there.
* Analysis of wood artifacts at the site indicates it was occupied around 1000 CE.
* L’Anse aux Meadows is the only confirmed Norse settlement in North America outside of Greenland.
* The site provides concrete archaeological evidence that Norse travelers reached North America long before Christopher Columbus.

The student wants to summarize the significance of L’Anse aux Meadows.

Which choice most effectively uses information from the given notes to accomplish this goal?

The ancient theater of Epidaurus is renowned for its exceptional acoustics, which allow spectators in the highest rows to clearly hear speakers on the stage. For decades, researchers attributed this phenomenon primarily to the theater's slope and the prevailing winds of the region. However, a recent acoustic study conducted by Nico Declercq and Cindy Dekeyser revealed that the row seat structure itself acts as a sophisticated acoustic filter. By reflecting high-frequency sounds back toward the audience while trapping low-frequency background noise like the rustle of wind, the limestone seats enhance the clarity of human speech. Thus, the physical geometry of the seating, rather than external environmental factors, is the primary driver of the theater’s legendary auditory quality.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?

Archaeologists analyzing organic residues on pottery vessels from the Neolithic site of Çatalhöyük discovered traces of milk fat along with barley husks. While some researchers have argued that milk was consumed exclusively as a liquid beverage, others point out that the pottery vessels were frequently heated to high temperatures. Liquid milk, when heated directly over open fires in unglazed pots, easily scorches and curdles, rendering it unpalatable. However, when barley is simmered in milk to create a thick porridge, the starches in the grain act as a stabilizing agent, preventing the milk from scorching during the cooking process. Which choice most logically completes the text?

In the quadratic equation $x^2 - kx + 5 = 0$, $k$ is a constant. If the solutions to the equation are $x = 3 \pm \sqrt{a}$, where $a$ is a positive constant, what is the value of $a$?

The quadratic function $f$ is defined by $f(x) = (x - 3)(x - 7)$. The function $g$ is defined by $g(x) = f(x - 2) + k$, where $k$ is a constant. In the $xy$-plane, the vertex of the graph of $y = g(x)$ is $(7, 5)$. What is the value of $k$?