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Zorluk: Çok zorSoils, Natural Vegetation, and Agriculture in India

With reference to the soil types and natural vegetation in India, consider the following statements:

1. Black soils (Regur) develop deep cracks during the dry season, leading to a phenomenon known as 'self-ploughing' and possess high moisture-retention capacity.
2. Red soils owe their characteristic color to a wide diffusion of iron in crystalline and metamorphic rocks, appearing yellow when in a hydrated form.
3. Tropical Thorn Forests thrive in regions experiencing annual rainfall exceeding 150 cm150\text{ cm} accompanied by high relative humidity.
4. Laterite soils are inherently rich in nitrogen, soluble plant nutrients, and lime, making them naturally suitable for intensive paddy cultivation without chemical fertilizers.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

  1. 1 and 2 onlyCevap
  2. B
    1, 2, and 4 only
  3. C
    2, 3, and 4 only
  4. D
    1, 3, and 4 only

Cevap

1 and 2 only
The correct answer includes statements 1 and 2. Regur soils exhibit swelling-shrinking properties causing self-ploughing, while red soils obtain their red appearance from iron oxide diffusion and yellow tint upon hydration. Statements 3 and 4 are false due to incorrect precipitation limits for thorn vegetation and inaccurate nutrient profiles for intensely leached laterite soils.

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1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding Black Soil (Regur).
Statement 1 is correct.
Black soil is highly argillaceous (clayey), expands when wet, and contracts upon drying to form deep wide cracks. This aids oxygenation ('self-ploughing') and retains moisture for prolonged periods.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding Red Soil composition.
Statement 2 is correct.
Red soil develops on crystalline igneous and metamorphic rocks under low rainfall conditions. The ferric oxides impart a red shade, which turns yellow when hydrated.
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding Tropical Thorn Forests.
Statement 3 is incorrect.
Tropical Thorn Forests are characteristic of semi-arid areas with low annual rainfall (less than 70 cm70\text{ cm} or 50 cm50\text{ cm}), such as parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat, and dry interior Deccan plateau.
4
Evaluate Statement 4 regarding Laterite Soil fertility.
Statement 4 is incorrect.
Laterite soils result from intense leaching due to heavy tropical rains. Organic matter, nitrogen, phosphate, and calcium are washed away, leaving the soil poor in nutrients and high in iron oxides and aluminum.

Anahtar Kavram

Soil formation processes and vegetation climatic thresholds in India
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Konular

Soils, Natural Vegetation, and Agriculture in India

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