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Zorluk: ZorSoils, Natural Vegetation, and Agriculture in India

Consider the following statements regarding the pedological features and natural vegetation belts in India:

1. Laterite soils are characteristically rich in organic humus, nitrogen, and soluble calcium due to slow bacterial activity in humid tropical climates.
2. Red soils derive their distinctive reddish hue from the wide diffusion of iron oxides in crystalline and metamorphic rocks, appearing yellow when occurring in a hydrated state.
3. Tropical Dry Evergreen forests are primarily distributed along the Coromandel Coast, receiving significant rainfall from the North-East retreating monsoon.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

  1. A
    1 and 2 only
  2. 2 and 3 onlyCevap
  3. C
    1 and 3 only
  4. D
    1, 2 and 3

Cevap

The correct option is the one stating that statements 2 and 3 only are correct.
Statements 2 and 3 are correct. Red soils owe their red color to the wide diffusion of ferric oxide in crystalline metamorphic rocks and turn yellow when hydrated. Tropical Dry Evergreen forests are uniquely adapted to the coastal Tamil Nadu region (Coromandel Coast), which gets its principal moisture from the North-East monsoon. Statement 1 is incorrect because high temperatures promote rapid microbial decay of organic matter, and heavy rainfall causes intense leaching of bases and silica, leaving laterite soils poor in humus, nitrogen, and lime.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze Statement 1 regarding the chemical composition of Laterite soils.
Statement 1 is false. Under high temperatures and intense seasonal tropical rainfall, organic matter (humus) is rapidly consumed by microorganisms, and soluble plant nutrients like nitrogen, calcium, and silica are leached away, leaving the soil rich in iron oxides and aluminium hydroxides but deficient in organic matter and lime.
Intense tropical leaching (desilication) strips bases and humus from laterite soil profiles.
2
Analyze Statement 2 regarding Red soil coloration.
Statement 2 is true. Red soils develop on archaean crystalline granite and gneissic rocks under warm, temperate to moist climates. The diffusion of iron compounds gives them a red color, which converts to yellow when hydrated or fine-grained.
Ferric oxide diffusion causes the red coloration, whereas hydrated iron oxides give a yellowish tinge.
3
Analyze Statement 3 regarding the climatic distribution of Tropical Dry Evergreen forests.
Statement 3 is true. Tropical Dry Evergreen forests occur along the coastal belt of Tamil Nadu (Coromandel Coast), an area that receives most of its rainfall from the retreating North-East monsoon (October to December) rather than the South-West monsoon.
The rain-shadow effect during summer followed by winter retreating monsoon rainfall supports this unique evergreen formation.

Anahtar Kavram

Soil Pedogenesis and Vegetation Dynamics in India
Tahmini Süre:1m 30s
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Konular

Soils, Natural Vegetation, and Agriculture in India

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