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Zorluk: KolayDefense and Nuclear Technology

Arrange the following stages of India's Three-Stage Nuclear Power Programme in their correct sequential order of implementation, starting from the initial stage to the final stage.

  1. 1Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) fueled by natural uranium
  2. 2Fast Breeder Reactors (FBRs) fueled by Plutonium-239 reprocessed from spent fuel
  3. 3Advanced Heavy Water Reactors (AHWRs) fueled by Thorium-232 and Uranium-233

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The correct sequence of India's Three-Stage Nuclear Power Programme is: Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) using natural uranium, followed by Fast Breeder Reactors (FBRs) using plutonium, and culminating in Advanced reactors utilizing Thorium-232 and Uranium-233.
India's nuclear power programme was envisioned in three sequential stages to overcome natural uranium constraints and leverage abundant domestic thorium. Stage 1 employs Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) using natural uranium to yield power and plutonium-239. Stage 2 deploys Fast Breeder Reactors (FBRs) using plutonium-239 to breed more plutonium and convert Thorium-232 to Uranium-233. Stage 3 employs reactors utilizing the Thorium-232 and Uranium-233 fuel cycle for ultimate self-sustained nuclear energy production.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the foundation of India's nuclear plan formulated by Dr. Homi J. Bhabha.
The plan begins with Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) using natural uranium reserves to generate power and produce Plutonium-239.
Natural uranium is limited in India, making PHWRs the necessary initial fuel-building block.
2
Determine the second stage reactor technology.
Fast Breeder Reactors (FBRs) utilize the reprocessed Plutonium-239 from Stage 1 to breed additional fissile fuel and convert Thorium into Uranium-233.
Stage 2 acts as a bridge to convert Thorium into usable fissile material.
3
Determine the third and final stage reactor technology.
Advanced reactors (AHWRs/Thermal Breeders) utilize Thorium-232 and Uranium-233.
This stage enables complete utilization of India's extensive Thorium reserves to ensure long-term energy self-reliance.

Anahtar Kavram

India's Three-Stage Nuclear Power Programme
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Defense and Nuclear Technology

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