Examkin

Soru

Zorluk: Çok zorChemistry in Daily Life and Industrial Applications

With reference to agricultural chemicals and fertilizers widely used in industrial applications and soil management, consider the following statements:

1. Biuret (C2H5N3O2C_2H_5N_3O_2) is an undesirable byproduct formed during high-temperature thermal condensation of urea, which acts as a potent phytotoxin to germination and seedling roots if present above permissible limits.
2. Single Superphosphate (SSP) is industrially manufactured by treating insoluble fluoroapatite rock phosphate with concentrated nitric acid to produce water-soluble monocalcium phosphate.
3. Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) is an eco-friendly nitrogenous fertilizer that is chemically neutral, making it safe for continuous application on both acidic and alkaline soils without altering soil pH.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

  1. 1 and 3 onlyCevap
  2. B
    1 and 2 only
  3. C
    2 and 3 only
  4. D
    1, 2, and 3

Cevap

The correct option is the one stating that statements 1 and 3 only are correct.
Biuret is indeed a thermal byproduct of urea that damages crops when excessive, and Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) is chemically engineered with calcium carbonate to function as a neutral fertilizer without disturbing soil pH. Single Superphosphate requires sulfuric acid rather than nitric acid.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze Statement 1 regarding Biuret toxicity in Urea manufacturing.
Statement 1 is correct.
During the industrial prilling and granulation of urea (CO(NH2)2CO(NH_2)_2), two molecules of urea combine at elevated temperatures (>130°C) with the loss of ammonia to form biuret (NH2−CO−NH−CO−NH2NH_2-CO-NH-CO-NH_2). High biuret content causes foliar burn and phytotoxicity in plants.
2
Analyze Statement 2 regarding Single Superphosphate (SSP) synthesis.
Statement 2 is incorrect.
Single Superphosphate (SSP) is manufactured by reacting pulverized rock phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2Ca_3(PO_4)_2 or apatite) with concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4H_2SO_4). The reaction yields water-soluble monocalcium phosphate [Ca(H2PO4)2Ca(H_2PO_4)_2] and insoluble calcium sulfate (gypsum, CaSO4CaSO_4). Reacting with nitric acid produces nitrophosphate, not SSP.
3
Analyze Statement 3 regarding Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) properties.
Statement 3 is correct.
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) is prepared by mixing ammonium nitrate with powdered limestone/calcium carbonate (CaCO3CaCO_3). Because straight ammonium nitrate is acid-forming, the addition of limestone neutralizes the residual acidity, making CAN a popular neutral fertilizer suitable for diverse soil types.

Anahtar Kavram

Industrial Fertilizer Chemistry, Biuret Phytotoxicity, Acidulation of Rock Phosphate, and Soil Neutral Fertilizers
Bu soruyu puanla

Konular

Chemistry in Daily Life and Industrial Applications

Bu konudan daha fazla soru