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Zorluk: Çok zorCause and Effect Reasoning

Read the following two statements carefully and determine the logical relationship between them:

Statement I: Small-scale inland aquaculture farms located along the lower river basin registered severe fish mortality and sharp declines in harvest yields over the past quarter.

Statement II: Manufacturing units situated along the upper river tributaries repeatedly discharged untreated effluents containing toxic chemical residues beyond statutory limits during the preceding months.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between Statement I and Statement II?

  1. A
    Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
  2. Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.Cevap
  3. C
    Both statements I and II are independent causes.
  4. D
    Both statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
  5. E
    Both statements I and II are effects of some common cause.

Cevap

Statement II is the cause and Statement I is its effect.
The upstream discharge of toxic untreated effluents directly causes contamination in the river system, which flows downstream and results in the mortality of fish in lower basin aquaculture farms. Therefore, the statement regarding industrial effluent discharge is the cause, and the statement regarding aquaculture fish mortality is its effect.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze Statement I
Statement I describes downstream fish mortality and reduced harvest in aquaculture farms.
Identify the nature of the first event as a biological impact.
2
Analyze Statement II
Statement II describes upstream industrial pollution through untreated toxic effluent discharge over preceding months.
Identify the nature of the second event as an environmental hazard occurring prior in time and higher in hydrological flow.
3
Evaluate the Causal Link
Toxic chemical contamination flowing from upper tributaries into the lower basin directly contaminates the aquatic habitat, inducing mortality.
Establishing temporal precedence and logical mechanism confirms Statement II as the direct cause and Statement I as the resulting effect.

Anahtar Kavram

Direct Cause and Effect Relationship in Environmental Hydrology
Tahmini Süre:1m 30s
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Konular

Cause and Effect Reasoning

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