Soru

Read the passage below and answer the question that follows:

In the mid-twentieth century, many post-colonial economies established state-monopolized agricultural marketing boards designed to stabilize commodity prices and shield smallholder farmers from global market volatility. While initially successful at insulating domestic food supplies, these centralized monopsonies gradually accumulated administrative inefficiencies, suppressed farmgate prices through heavy taxation, and disincentivized private capital investment in rural infrastructure. By the late 1980s, structural adjustment reforms compelled governments to dismantle these state boards in favor of market-driven agricultural trade. However, the abrupt transition exposed smallholders to extreme price fluctuations, as private intermediaries captured local market power. Recent empirical policy evaluations demonstrate that countries achieving sustainable agricultural growth did not rely solely on complete deregulation or a return to state monopolies. Instead, they fostered hybrid institutional frameworks centered on autonomous, farmer-owned producer cooperatives supported by targeted public credit guarantees. These producer alliances combine the market flexibility of decentralized trade with the collective bargaining capacity needed to negotiate fair prices and invest in local cold-storage processing.

Which of the following titles best synthesizes the core message of the passage?