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Soru

Zorluk: OrtaHuman Physiology, Health, and Diseases

Which of the following statements regarding human hormonal regulation and endocrine physiology are correct?

  1. Insulin promotes glycogenesis in liver and skeletal muscle tissues to lower circulating blood glucose levels.Cevap
  2. B
    Parathyroid hormone (PTH) decreases blood calcium concentrations by inhibiting osteoclast activity in bone tissue.
  3. Aldosterone acts on the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts of the kidneys to promote sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion.Cevap
  4. D
    Oxytocin is synthesized by the anterior pituitary gland to regulate uterine contractions during childbirth.

Cevap

The correct statements are that insulin promotes glycogenesis in liver and skeletal muscle tissues to lower blood glucose levels, and aldosterone acts on the kidney tubules to promote sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion.
Insulin effectively lowers blood glucose by accelerating glucose entry into body cells and stimulating glycogenesis in liver and skeletal muscles. Furthermore, aldosterone produced by the adrenal cortex regulates mineral homeostasis by stimulating active sodium reabsorption alongside potassium secretion in the nephron's distal tubules.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Evaluate the statement concerning insulin function
Statement is correct
Insulin acts as a key anabolic hormone that facilitates glucose uptake into peripheral tissues and promotes glycogen synthesis in liver and skeletal muscles to reduce plasma glucose levels.
2
Evaluate the statement regarding parathyroid hormone (PTH) action
Statement is incorrect
Parathyroid hormone raises serum calcium levels by promoting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, renal calcium reabsorption, and indirect intestinal absorption via calcitriol. It does not decrease blood calcium levels.
3
Evaluate the statement on aldosterone renal mechanism
Statement is correct
Aldosterone binds to mineralocorticoid receptors in renal tubular cells, increasing the activity of epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) and sodium-potassium ATPase pumps, resulting in sodium retention and potassium excretion.
4
Evaluate the statement on oxytocin site of synthesis
Statement is incorrect
Oxytocin is synthesized in the cell bodies of hypothalamic neurons and transported axonally to the posterior pituitary gland for storage and release. The anterior pituitary produces hormones such as growth hormone, prolactin, ACTH, TSH, LH, and FSH.

Anahtar Kavram

Endocrine Gland Physiology and Hormonal Homeostasis
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Konular

Human Physiology, Health, and Diseases

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