Tüm alıştırma soruları

188 soru

Soru 21Soru

The following table provides the annual expenditure (in ₹ Crores) of four administrative departments in a state over three fiscal years, with some values missing (indicated by dashes '—').

Department2021-222022-232023-24Total Expenditure
Agriculture4505201450
Education6807402000
Healthcare3504201250
Infrastructure8209701110
Total22002850

Based on the data provided, what is the difference (in ₹ Crores) between the average department expenditure in 2022-23 and the average department expenditure in 2021-22?

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Cevap: 87.5

Cevap

The difference between the average department expenditure in 2022-23 and 2021-22 is 87.5 ₹ Crores.
To find the difference between the average expenditures, we calculate the missing values first. For 2021-22, Education expenditure is 2000(680+740)=5802000 - (680 + 740) = 580 ₹ Crores. Total 2021-22 expenditure is 450+580+350+820=2200450 + 580 + 350 + 820 = 2200 ₹ Crores, making the average 2200/4=5502200 / 4 = 550 ₹ Crores. For 2022-23, Agriculture expenditure is 1450(450+520)=4801450 - (450 + 520) = 480 ₹ Crores. Total 2022-23 expenditure across all four departments is 480+680+420+970=2550480 + 680 + 420 + 970 = 2550 ₹ Crores, making the average 2550/4=637.52550 / 4 = 637.5 ₹ Crores. The difference between the averages is 637.5550=87.5637.5 - 550 = 87.5 ₹ Crores.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Find missing 2021-22 Education expenditure
580 ₹ Crores
Subtracting known expenditures (680 and 740) from the Education row total (2000 gives 20001420=5802000 - 1420 = 580.
2
Compute 2021-22 average department expenditure
550 ₹ Crores
The sum for 2021-22 is 2200 ₹ Crores. Dividing by 4 departments gives 2200/4=5502200 / 4 = 550.
3
Find missing 2022-23 Agriculture expenditure
480 ₹ Crores
Subtracting known expenditures (450 and 520) from Agriculture row total (1450) gives 1450970=4801450 - 970 = 480.
4
Compute 2022-23 average department expenditure
637.5 ₹ Crores
Summing 2022-23 department values (480+680+420+970=2550480 + 680 + 420 + 970 = 2550) and dividing by 4 gives 2550/4=637.52550 / 4 = 637.5.
5
Subtract 2021-22 average from 2022-23 average
87.5 ₹ Crores
Calculating 637.5550=87.5637.5 - 550 = 87.5 ₹ Crores.

Anahtar Kavram

Deriving missing grid values using row totals and computing comparative averages.
Tahmini Süre:2m 30s
Soru 22Soru

A positive integer NN when successively divided by 44, 55, and 66 leaves remainders of 22, 33, and 44, respectively. What is the sum of the remainders obtained when the smallest such number NN is successively divided by 66, 55, and 44, in that order?

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Cevap: 7

Cevap

The sum of the remainders obtained when the smallest such number is successively divided by 6, 5, and 4 is 7.
The smallest positive integer NN satisfying the given successive division conditions is 94. Successively dividing 94 by 6, 5, and 4 yields quotients of 15, 3, and 0 with remainders 4, 0, and 3, respectively. The sum of these remainders is 4+0+3=74 + 0 + 3 = 7.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Formulate the algebraic equations for successive division and calculate the smallest positive value of NN.
N=94N = 94
By definition of successive division, N=4q1+2N = 4q_1 + 2, q1=5q2+3q_1 = 5q_2 + 3, and q2=6q3+4q_2 = 6q_3 + 4. Setting the non-negative integer quotient q3=0q_3 = 0 yields q2=4q_2 = 4, q1=23q_1 = 23, and N=94N = 94.
2
Perform successive division of 94 by the divisors 6, 5, and 4 in sequence.
The sequence of remainders is 44, 00, and 33.
First stage: 94÷6=1594 \div 6 = 15 remainder 44. Second stage: 15÷5=315 \div 5 = 3 remainder 00. Third stage: 3÷4=03 \div 4 = 0 remainder 33.
3
Calculate the sum of the three remainders.
4+0+3=74 + 0 + 3 = 7
Adding the individual remainders obtained from each stage of the reverse order division.

Anahtar Kavram

Successive Division and Remainder Property
Soru 23Soru
Evaluate the following complex mathematical expression strictly adhering to the hierarchical order of operations (BODMAS rule):
{64% of 125+[133÷{216(1.4×2.535+710)}]}×0.375\left\{ 64\% \text{ of } 125 + \left[ \frac{13}{3} \div \left\{ 2\frac{1}{6} - \left( 1.4 \times 2.5 - \overline{\frac{3}{5} + \frac{7}{10}} \right) \right\} \right] \right\} \times 0.375
What is the exact numerical value of the final simplified expression?
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Cevap: -18.75

Cevap

The simplified final value of the expression is -18.75.
Following the BODMAS rule strictly: first simplify under the vinculum (3/5 + 7/10 = 1.3), then inside the round brackets (1.4 * 2.5 - 1.3 = 2.2). Next, inside the curly brackets (13/6 - 2.2 = -1/30), then the division in the square brackets ((13/3) / (-1/30) = -130). Evaluating 64% of 125 gives 80. Combining inside the main bracket gives 80 + (-130) = -50. Finally, multiplying by 0.375 yields -18.75.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Evaluate the expression under the vinculum bar
35+710=1.3\frac{3}{5} + \frac{7}{10} = 1.3
The vinculum (bar bracket) has the highest priority under BODMAS and must be evaluated first.
2
Simplify the innermost round brackets
1.4 \times 2.5 - 1.3 = 3.5 - 1.3 = 2.2
Perform multiplication inside the round brackets before subtraction, then subtract the vinculum result.
3
Evaluate the expression inside the inner curly brackets
2\frac{1}{6} - 2.2 = \frac{13}{6} - \frac{11}{5} = -\frac{1}{30}
Convert the mixed fraction and decimal to improper fractions and subtract.
4
Evaluate the square bracket division
\frac{13}{3} \div \left( -\frac{1}{30} \right) = \frac{13}{3} \times (-30) = -130
Dividing by a fraction is equivalent to multiplying by its reciprocal.
5
Calculate the percentage term '64% of 125'
64100×125=80\frac{64}{100} \times 125 = 80
'Of' operation takes precedence over addition.
6
Combine the terms within the main outer brackets
80 + (-130) = -50
Add the result of the percentage term to the square bracket result.
7
Multiply by the outer factor 0.375
50×0.375=18.75-50 \times 0.375 = -18.75
Perform final multiplication to complete the simplification.

Anahtar Kavram

BODMAS order of operations with nested brackets, vinculum, fractions, decimals, and percentage operations.
Tahmini Süre:3m 0s
Soru 24Soru

Find the unit digit of the numerical expression N=(56763×23445)34337N = (567^{63} \times 234^{45}) - 343^{37}.

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Cevap: 9

Cevap

9
The unit digit of 56763567^{63} is 3 and for 23445234^{45} it is 4, making their product's unit digit 2. The unit digit of 34337343^{37} is 3. Subtracting 3 from 2 with regrouping (12312 - 3) yields 9.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Determine the unit digit of 56763567^{63}
3
Base unit digit is 7 with cyclicity 4. Since 63(mod4)=363 \pmod 4 = 3, 737^3 gives a unit digit of 3.
2
Determine the unit digit of 23445234^{45}
4
Base unit digit is 4 with cyclicity 2. An odd exponent yields a unit digit of 4.
3
Multiply the unit digits of the first two terms
2
The unit digit of the product is (3×4)(mod10)=2(3 \times 4) \pmod{10} = 2.
4
Determine the unit digit of 34337343^{37}
3
Base unit digit is 3 with cyclicity 4. Since 37(mod4)=137 \pmod 4 = 1, 313^1 gives a unit digit of 3.
5
Subtract the unit digit of the second part from the first part
9
Subtracting 3 from 2 requires borrowing 10 (123=912 - 3 = 9) to yield a valid positive unit digit.

Anahtar Kavram

Unit Digit and Cyclicity of Powers
Soru 25Soru

Three automatic signaling beacons in a traffic control system flash at regular time intervals of 415\frac{4}{15} hours, 920\frac{9}{20} hours, and 1435\frac{14}{35} hours, respectively. If all three beacons flash simultaneously at 12:00 noon, after how many hours will they all flash together again for the first time?

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Cevap: 7.2

Cevap

7.2 hours
To find when events occurring at fractional time intervals coincide, compute the LCM of the fractions. Crucially, each fraction must first be simplified to its lowest terms. 1435\frac{14}{35} reduces to 25\frac{2}{5}. Taking LCM(4,9,2)HCF(15,20,5)\frac{\text{LCM}(4, 9, 2)}{\text{HCF}(15, 20, 5)} gives 365=7.2\frac{36}{5} = 7.2 hours.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Simplify all given fractional time intervals to their lowest terms.
The reduced fractions are 415\frac{4}{15}, 920\frac{9}{20}, and 25\frac{2}{5}.
The standard LCM formula for fractions LCM of numeratorsHCF of denominators\frac{\text{LCM of numerators}}{\text{HCF of denominators}} is mathematically valid only when all fractions are reduced to co-prime numerator-denominator pairs.
2
Calculate the LCM of the numerators.
LCM(4,9,2)=36\text{LCM}(4, 9, 2) = 36.
The least common multiple of 4=224 = 2^2, 9=329 = 3^2, and 2=212 = 2^1 is 22×32=362^2 \times 3^2 = 36.
3
Calculate the HCF of the denominators.
HCF(15,20,5)=5\text{HCF}(15, 20, 5) = 5.
The highest common factor dividing 1515, 2020, and 55 is 55.
4
Divide the numerator LCM by the denominator HCF to find the simultaneous flashing interval.
365=7.2\frac{36}{5} = 7.2 hours.
The LCM of the fractional time intervals determines the minimum duration before all events synchronize.

Anahtar Kavram

LCM of Fractions with Mandatory Simplification
Tahmini Süre:2m 0s
Soru 26Soru

The table below presents the quarterly renewable energy generation (in Megawatts, MW) of four geographical zones of a state in 2025:

ZoneQ1 (MW)Q2 (MW)Q3 (MW)Q4 (MW)
North Zone120150180150
South Zone200220250210
East Zone90110130110
West Zone160180200160

Based on the table, what is the average quarterly renewable energy generation (in MW) for the South Zone in 2025?

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Cevap: 220

Cevap

The average quarterly renewable energy generation for the South Zone in 2025 is 220 MW220\text{ MW}.
The correct average is obtained by summing the four quarterly generation figures of the South Zone (200+220+250+210=880 MW200 + 220 + 250 + 210 = 880\text{ MW}) and dividing by 44, giving 220 MW220\text{ MW}.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Locate the row for the South Zone and extract data for all four quarters.
Q1 = 200 MW200\text{ MW}, Q2 = 220 MW220\text{ MW}, Q3 = 250 MW250\text{ MW}, Q4 = 210 MW210\text{ MW}.
Data needs to be aggregated across the full year.
2
Calculate total annual generation for the South Zone.
Total = 200+220+250+210=880 MW200 + 220 + 250 + 210 = 880\text{ MW}.
Summing values is required before finding the average.
3
Divide total generation by the number of quarters.
Average = 8804=220 MW\frac{880}{4} = 220\text{ MW}.
An average across four periods requires dividing the total sum by 4.

Anahtar Kavram

Average calculation from a tabular dataset
Soru 27Soru

In an agricultural extension survey conducted among 250250 farmers in an administrative block, awareness of three welfare schemes was evaluated: Crop Insurance (CC), Soil Health Card (SS), and Kisan Credit Card (KK). The survey revealed that 120120 farmers are aware of CC, 110110 are aware of SS, and 130130 are aware of KK. Additionally, 4545 farmers are aware of both CC and SS, 5050 are aware of both SS and KK, and 4040 are aware of both CC and KK. If 1515 farmers are aware of all three schemes, how many farmers are aware of exactly two of these schemes?

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Cevap: 90

Cevap

The total number of farmers aware of exactly two schemes is 9090.
To find the number of farmers aware of exactly two schemes, we isolate the three two-set intersection regions that exclude the three-set intersection. Subtracting the 1515 farmers aware of all three schemes from each pairwise intersection yields 3030 (for CC and SS only), 3535 (for SS and KK only), and 2525 (for CC and KK only). Summing these mutually exclusive regions gives 30+35+25=9030 + 35 + 25 = 90.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Calculate the count of farmers aware of only Crop Insurance and Soil Health Card
4515=3045 - 15 = 30
The pairwise intersection includes farmers aware of all three schemes, so subtracting the triple intersection isolates those aware of only these two schemes.
2
Calculate the count of farmers aware of only Soil Health Card and Kisan Credit Card
5015=3550 - 15 = 35
Subtract the triple intersection count from the pairwise intersection count of SS and KK.
3
Calculate the count of farmers aware of only Crop Insurance and Kisan Credit Card
4015=2540 - 15 = 25
Subtract the triple intersection count from the pairwise intersection count of CC and KK.
4
Sum the three region counts for exactly two schemes
30+35+25=9030 + 35 + 25 = 90
The regions representing 'only C and S', 'only S and K', and 'only C and K' are mutually exclusive.

Anahtar Kavram

3-Set Venn Diagram Region Isolation
Soru 28Soru
What is the final numerical value obtained by evaluating the following mathematical expression strictly according to the BODMAS rule?
50[52÷{4.5+45×(3.71.80.6)}]50 - \left[ 52 \div \left\{ 4.5 + \frac{4}{5} \times \left( 3.7 - \overline{1.8 - 0.6} \right) \right\} \right]
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Cevap: 42

Cevap

42
Following VBODMAS rule strictly:
1. Vinculum: 1.8 - 0.6 = 1.2
2. Round brackets: 3.7 - 1.2 = 2.5
3. Multiplication in curly brackets: (4/5) * 2.5 = 2
4. Addition in curly brackets: 4.5 + 2 = 6.5
5. Square bracket division: 52 / 6.5 = 8
6. Outer subtraction: 50 - 8 = 42.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Evaluate the vinculum (bar line above numbers)
\overline{1.8 - 0.6} = 1.2
According to BODMAS (or VBODMAS), the vinculum takes precedence over round brackets.
2
Simplify the terms inside the parentheses (round brackets)
3.7 - 1.2 = 2.5
Parentheses are evaluated next after the vinculum.
3
Evaluate the multiplication inside the curly brackets
\frac{4}{5} \times 2.5 = 0.8 \times 2.5 = 2.0
Within curly brackets, multiplication precedes addition.
4
Complete the addition inside the curly brackets
4.5 + 2.0 = 6.5
Completing all operations within the curly brackets.
5
Evaluate the division inside the square brackets
52÷6.5=852 \div 6.5 = 8
Simplifying the entire square bracket term.
6
Perform the final subtraction outside all brackets
50 - 8 = 42
Final arithmetic step to find the value of the expression.

Anahtar Kavram

Order of Operations (BODMAS / VBODMAS)
Soru 29Soru
Calculate the exact numerical value of the following expression by applying the standard BODMAS/VBODMAS order of operations:
45% of 160[12.5+{34×(36÷34.2+1.8)+5.5}÷0.5]45\% \text{ of } 160 - \left[ 12.5 + \left\{ \frac{3}{4} \times \left( 36 \div 3 - \overline{4.2 + 1.8} \right) + 5.5 \right\} \div 0.5 \right]
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Cevap: 39.5

Cevap

The simplified numerical value of the given expression is 39.5.
Evaluating step by step according to VBODMAS rules yields 39.5. First, the vinculum gives 6. The round bracket gives 36 ÷ 3 - 6 = 6. The curly bracket gives (3/4) × 6 + 5.5 = 10. The square bracket gives 12.5 + 10 ÷ 0.5 = 32.5. Finally, 45% of 160 = 72, and 72 - 32.5 = 39.5.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Evaluate the expression under the vinculum (bar)
\overline{4.2 + 1.8} = 6
The vinculum acts as a top-priority bracket, so the addition under the bar must be executed before other operations.
2
Simplify the innermost round brackets ( )
36 \div 3 - 6 = 12 - 6 = 6
Inside the round bracket, division precedes subtraction according to BODMAS.
3
Simplify the curly brackets { }
\frac{3}{4} \times 6 + 5.5 = 4.5 + 5.5 = 10
Inside the curly bracket, multiplication of fractions precedes addition.
4
Simplify the square brackets [ ]
12.5 + 10 \div 0.5 = 12.5 + 20 = 32.5
Inside the square bracket, division by decimal (10 / 0.5 = 20) takes precedence over addition.
5
Calculate the percentage term ('of' operation)
45\% \text{ of } 160 = 0.45 \times 160 = 72
The 'of' operation represents multiplication for percentage evaluation.
6
Perform the final subtraction
72 - 32.5 = 39.5
Subtract the fully simplified bracket result from the percentage term.

Anahtar Kavram

BODMAS / VBODMAS Rule with Nested Brackets, Percentages, and Vinculum
Tahmini Süre:2m 0s
Soru 30Soru

In a state public infrastructure development scheme for the fiscal year 2025–26, a total budget of ₹9,0009,000 crore was allocated across four major sectors: Agriculture Irrigation, Highway Expansion, Solar Infrastructure, and Rural Electrification.

Agriculture Irrigation received 28%28\% of the total allocated budget. The budget allocated to Highway Expansion was 37.5%37.5\% more than the budget allocated to Agriculture Irrigation. The remaining allocated budget was divided between Solar Infrastructure and Rural Electrification in the ratio 5:45 : 4.

Regarding the actual expenditures recorded at the end of the fiscal year:
- Agriculture Irrigation utilized 85%85\% of its allocated funds.
- Highway Expansion utilized 92%92\% of its allocated funds.
- Solar Infrastructure had an unspent budget of ₹315315 crore.
- Rural Electrification spent an amount equal to 1.251.25 times the unspent budget of Agriculture Irrigation.

Based on the information provided, what is the total unspent budget across all four sectors combined, expressed in crore rupees?

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Cevap: 1837.7

Cevap

The total unspent budget across all four sectors combined is 1837.7 crore rupees.
By accurately deriving each sector's allocation from the given base percentage, percentage increment, and ratio, and then computing the respective unspent components according to the expenditure conditions, the total unspent amount is determined to be 1837.7 crore rupees.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Calculate allocations for Agriculture Irrigation and Highway Expansion
Agriculture Irrigation = ₹2,520 crore; Highway Expansion = ₹3,465 crore
Agriculture Irrigation receives 28% of 9,000 crore = 2,520 crore. Highway Expansion gets 37.5% more than Agriculture Irrigation, which is 2,520 * (1 + 0.375) = 3,465 crore.
2
Calculate allocations for Solar Infrastructure and Rural Electrification
Solar Infrastructure = ₹1,675 crore; Rural Electrification = ₹1,340 crore
Remaining budget = 9,000 - (2,520 + 3,465) = 3,015 crore. Dividing 3,015 in ratio 5:4 gives (5/9)*3,015 = 1,675 crore for Solar and (4/9)*3,015 = 1,340 crore for Rural Electrification.
3
Determine unspent amounts for each sector individually
Agriculture Irrigation Unspent = ₹378 crore; Highway Expansion Unspent = ₹277.2 crore; Solar Infrastructure Unspent = ₹315 crore; Rural Electrification Unspent = ₹867.5 crore
15% of Agriculture Irrigation budget is unspent = 0.15 * 2,520 = 378 crore. 8% of Highway Expansion budget is unspent = 0.08 * 3,465 = 277.2 crore. Solar unspent is given as 315 crore. Rural Electrification expenditure is 1.25 * 378 = 472.5 crore, leaving 1,340 - 472.5 = 867.5 crore unspent.
4
Sum unspent amounts across all four sectors
Total Unspent Budget = ₹1,837.7 crore
Summing unspent amounts: 378 + 277.2 + 315 + 867.5 = 1,837.7 crore rupees.

Anahtar Kavram

Multi-step caselet data extraction, ratio division, percentage calculation, and aggregation
Soru 31Soru
What is the numerical value of the mathematical expression 80[15+(12÷3×2)]80 - [15 + (12 \div 3 \times 2)] when simplified using the standard BODMAS rule?
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Cevap: 57

Cevap

The simplified numerical value of the given expression is 57.
Evaluating the expression following the strict BODMAS order of operations: first simplify the innermost round brackets by doing division (12÷3=412 \div 3 = 4) then multiplication (4×2=84 \times 2 = 8). Next, add the numbers inside the square brackets (15+8=2315 + 8 = 23). Finally, subtract 23 from 80 to obtain 57.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Perform division inside the round brackets.
12÷3=412 \div 3 = 4
According to the BODMAS rule, division takes precedence over multiplication within brackets.
2
Perform multiplication to complete the round bracket evaluation.
4×2=84 \times 2 = 8
Complete the operations contained within the innermost parentheses.
3
Perform addition inside the square brackets.
15+8=2315 + 8 = 23
Simplify the terms remaining inside the square brackets.
4
Subtract the result of the brackets from the outer value.
8023=5780 - 23 = 57
Perform final subtraction to determine the simplified answer.

Anahtar Kavram

BODMAS Rule (Brackets, Orders, Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction)
Soru 32Soru

If x=7+373x = \frac{\sqrt{7}+\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{3}} and y=737+3y = \frac{\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{7}+\sqrt{3}}, what is the value of x2+y2x^2 + y^2?

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Cevap: 23

Cevap

The value of x2+y2x^2 + y^2 is 23.
By rationalizing the denominators of xx and yy, we obtain x=5+212x = \frac{5+\sqrt{21}}{2} and y=5212y = \frac{5-\sqrt{21}}{2}. Adding these gives x+y=5x+y=5, and multiplying them gives xy=1xy=1. Using the identity x2+y2=(x+y)22xyx^2+y^2 = (x+y)^2 - 2xy, we calculate 522(1)=235^2 - 2(1) = 23.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Rationalize the expressions for xx and yy by multiplying the numerator and denominator by their respective conjugates.
x=(7+3)273=10+2214=5+212x = \frac{(\sqrt{7}+\sqrt{3})^2}{7-3} = \frac{10 + 2\sqrt{21}}{4} = \frac{5 + \sqrt{21}}{2} and y=(73)273=102214=5212y = \frac{(\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{3})^2}{7-3} = \frac{10 - 2\sqrt{21}}{4} = \frac{5 - \sqrt{21}}{2}
Eliminating surds from the denominator simplifies addition and multiplication.
2
Calculate the sum (x+y)(x + y) and the product (xy)(x \cdot y) of xx and yy.
x+y=5+212+5212=5x + y = \frac{5 + \sqrt{21}}{2} + \frac{5 - \sqrt{21}}{2} = 5 and xy=(5+21)(521)4=25214=1x \cdot y = \frac{(5 + \sqrt{21})(5 - \sqrt{21})}{4} = \frac{25 - 21}{4} = 1
Simplifying the symmetric expressions reduces computation complexity.
3
Apply the algebraic identity x2+y2=(x+y)22xyx^2 + y^2 = (x + y)^2 - 2xy.
x2+y2=(5)22(1)=252=23x^2 + y^2 = (5)^2 - 2(1) = 25 - 2 = 23
Using the identity avoids evaluating complex squares directly.

Anahtar Kavram

Rationalization of surds and application of symmetric algebraic identities
Soru 33Soru

A decentralized network consists of 1313 primary verification nodes. A smart contract generates a total of 3710537^{105} encrypted tokens that must be distributed equally among these 1313 nodes. The leftover tokens that cannot be distributed equally are sent to a burn address. How many tokens will be sent to the burn address?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: 8

Cevap

8
The correct remainder when 3710537^{105} is divided by 1313 is 88. This is found by reducing the base 3737 to 2-2 modulo 1313, applying Fermat's Little Theorem to reduce the exponent 105105 to 99 modulo 1212, and computing (2)9(mod13)=188(mod13)(-2)^9 \pmod{13} = -18 \equiv 8 \pmod{13}.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Formulate the problem using modular arithmetic.
Evaluate 37105(mod13)37^{105} \pmod{13}.
Since tokens are distributed equally among 13 nodes, the tokens sent to the burn address represent the remainder when the total is divided by 13.
2
Simplify the base of the exponent.
37=13×2+1137 = 13 \times 2 + 11. Using a negative remainder, 112(mod13)11 \equiv -2 \pmod{13}.
Working with a smaller absolute base value like -2 makes successive exponentiation much easier than working with 11 or 37.
3
Apply Fermat's Little Theorem.
Since 13 is prime, (2)121(mod13)(-2)^{12} \equiv 1 \pmod{13}.
This theorem allows us to significantly reduce large exponents by finding their remainder when divided by p1p-1.
4
Reduce the exponent using the theorem.
105=12×8+9105 = 12 \times 8 + 9. Thus, (2)105=((2)12)8×(2)918×(2)9(2)9(mod13)(-2)^{105} = ((-2)^{12})^8 \times (-2)^9 \equiv 1^8 \times (-2)^9 \equiv (-2)^9 \pmod{13}.
The multiples of 12 in the exponent evaluate to 1 modulo 13, leaving only the remainder of the exponent.
5
Calculate the final reduced power.
(2)4=163(mod13)(-2)^4 = 16 \equiv 3 \pmod{13}. Therefore, (2)8=32=9(mod13)(-2)^8 = 3^2 = 9 \pmod{13}. Finally, (2)9=9×(2)=18(mod13)(-2)^9 = 9 \times (-2) = -18 \pmod{13}.
Breaking the calculation into smaller powers prevents the need to calculate very large numbers directly.
6
Convert the negative result to a positive remainder.
18=13×(2)+8-18 = 13 \times (-2) + 8. The positive remainder is 88.
Physical quantities, such as the number of leftover tokens, must be represented by a positive remainder.

Anahtar Kavram

Modular arithmetic, Fermat's Little Theorem, and negative remainders
Soru 34Soru

A water storage tank is currently filled to 0.650.65 of its total capacity. If the tank currently contains 130130 liters of water, what is the total capacity of the tank in liters?

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Cevap: 200

Cevap

The total capacity of the tank is 200 liters.
The correct capacity is found by dividing the current volume of water (130 liters) by the decimal that represents the filled portion (0.65). This calculation, 130÷0.65130 \div 0.65, yields 200 liters.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the relationship between the filled portion and the total capacity.
Let CC be the total capacity. We establish the equation: 0.65×C=1300.65 \times C = 130.
Translating the word problem into a mathematical equation allows us to solve for the unknown whole amount.
2
Rearrange the equation to solve for the total capacity.
C=1300.65C = \frac{130}{0.65}
Isolating CC on one side of the equation gives us the expression needed to find the total capacity.
3
Perform the division by clearing the decimal in the denominator.
C=1300065=200C = \frac{13000}{65} = 200
Multiplying the numerator and denominator by 100 eliminates the decimal point, making the division straightforward.

Anahtar Kavram

Calculating the total amount when a specific decimal fraction of that amount is known.
Soru 35Soru

An event organizer needs to pack 144144 apples, 180180 oranges, and 216216 bananas into identical fruit baskets. Each basket must contain only one type of fruit, and all baskets must contain exactly the same number of fruits. What is the minimum total number of fruit baskets the organizer must prepare?

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Cevap: 15

Cevap

15
To find the minimum number of baskets, we first need to determine the maximum number of fruits that can be placed in each basket. Since the number of fruits must be the same for all baskets and fruits cannot be mixed, this maximum number is the Highest Common Factor (HCF) of 144, 180, and 216. The HCF is 36. Dividing the total count of each fruit by 36 gives 4 apple baskets, 5 orange baskets, and 6 banana baskets. Adding these together yields a total of 15 baskets.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Determine the mathematical operation required to find the maximum number of fruits per basket.
The problem requires finding the Highest Common Factor (HCF) of 144, 180, and 216.
Because the baskets must be identical in capacity, hold only one type of fruit, and we want the minimum number of total baskets (meaning maximum fruits per basket).
2
Perform prime factorization for each fruit quantity.
144 = 2^4 * 3^2; 180 = 2^2 * 3^2 * 5; 216 = 2^3 * 3^3
Prime factorization is the most reliable method for finding the HCF of three large numbers.
3
Calculate the Highest Common Factor (HCF).
HCF = 2^2 * 3^2 = 4 * 9 = 36.
The HCF is the product of the lowest powers of common prime factors present in all three numbers.
4
Calculate the number of baskets required for each individual fruit type.
Apples: 144 / 36 = 4 baskets. Oranges: 180 / 36 = 5 baskets. Bananas: 216 / 36 = 6 baskets.
Dividing the total quantity of each fruit by the maximum capacity of one basket gives the basket count per fruit.
5
Calculate the total number of baskets.
4 + 5 + 6 = 15 baskets.
The question asks for the minimum total number of fruit baskets to be prepared.

Anahtar Kavram

Highest Common Factor (HCF) applied to equitable distribution and grouping
Soru 36Soru

In a digital encryption protocol, a security key is generated based on a master integer NN. When NN is successively divided by 66, 88, and 99, the resulting remainders are 44, 33, and 77, respectively. If NN is the smallest possible positive integer that satisfies these conditions, what is the remainder when NN is divided by 1919?

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Cevap: 16

Cevap

16
By applying the rules of successive division and working backwards from a final quotient of 0, the smallest possible integer NN is found to be 358. Dividing 358 by 19 yields a quotient of 18 and a remainder of 16.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Set up equations based on the definition of successive division.
N=6q1+4N = 6q_1 + 4, q1=8q2+3q_1 = 8q_2 + 3, and q2=9q3+7q_2 = 9q_3 + 7
Successive division means each division is performed on the quotient of the previous step.
2
Determine the value of the final quotient q3q_3 to minimize NN.
q3=0q_3 = 0
The smallest possible positive initial number NN is obtained when the final successive quotient is zero.
3
Solve for intermediate quotient q2q_2.
q2=9(0)+7=7q_2 = 9(0) + 7 = 7
Substitute q3=0q_3 = 0 into the equation q2=9q3+7q_2 = 9q_3 + 7.
4
Solve for intermediate quotient q1q_1.
q1=8(7)+3=59q_1 = 8(7) + 3 = 59
Substitute q2=7q_2 = 7 into the equation q1=8q2+3q_1 = 8q_2 + 3.
5
Calculate the smallest positive integer NN.
N=6(59)+4=358N = 6(59) + 4 = 358
Substitute q1=59q_1 = 59 into the first equation.
6
Divide NN by 1919 to find the final remainder.
358=19×18+16358 = 19 \times 18 + 16. The remainder is 1616.
The problem asks for the remainder when the resulting NN is divided by 1919.

Anahtar Kavram

Successive Division and Remainder Theorem
Tahmini Süre:1m 30s
Soru 37Soru

Compute the exact Highest Common Factor (HCF) for the fractions 625\frac{6}{25} and 910\frac{9}{10}. Express your final result as a decimal.

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Cevap: 0.06

Cevap

0.06
The Highest Common Factor (HCF) of a set of fractions is found by dividing the HCF of their numerators by the LCM of their denominators. In this case, HCF(6, 9) is 3, and LCM(25, 10) is 50. This gives the fraction 3/50, which perfectly evaluates to the decimal 0.06.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the standard rule for calculating the HCF of fractional numbers.
HCF = (HCF of numerators) / (LCM of denominators)
This is the mathematical formula required to find the greatest common divisor of multiple fractions.
2
Find the Highest Common Factor (HCF) of the two numerators, 6 and 9.
HCF(6, 9) = 3
3 is the largest integer that divides both 6 and 9 without leaving a remainder.
3
Find the Least Common Multiple (LCM) of the two denominators, 25 and 10.
LCM(25, 10) = 50
50 is the smallest positive integer that is a multiple of both 25 and 10.
4
Substitute the results into the formula and convert the fraction to a decimal.
3 / 50 = 0.06
Dividing 3 by 50 yields the terminating decimal 0.06, which is the final required format.

Anahtar Kavram

HCF and LCM of fractions
Soru 38Soru

In a single row of books on a library shelf, an Encyclopedia is 28th28^{\text{th}} from the left end and a Dictionary is 35th35^{\text{th}} from the right end. If there are exactly 12 books placed strictly between them, what is the minimum possible total number of books in this row?

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Cevap: 49

Cevap

The minimum possible total number of books is 49.
The minimum total is found using the overlapping queue formula: L+RM2L + R - M - 2. Substituting the given values yields 28+35122=4928 + 35 - 12 - 2 = 49.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the queue configuration for the minimum capacity.
The minimum possible number of books occurs in an overlapping scenario.
In an overlapping scenario, the item counted from the right (Dictionary) is placed to the left of the item counted from the left (Encyclopedia), yielding the smallest overall total length.
2
Apply the minimum capacity formula.
Total=L+RM2\text{Total} = L + R - M - 2
We add the rank from the left (LL) and the rank from the right (RR), then subtract the number of items strictly between them (MM) and the 2 reference items to correct for double-counting.
3
Substitute the given values and calculate the final count.
Total=28+35122=49\text{Total} = 28 + 35 - 12 - 2 = 49
This yields the exact minimum count of books on the shelf.

Anahtar Kavram

Overlapping Minimum Capacity in Ordering and Ranking
Tahmini Süre:1m 0s
Soru 39Soru

A secure digital vault requires a 2-digit numerical access code. The code is determined by calculating the value of the expression (P+Q)(R×S)(P + Q) - (R \times S), where the variables are defined based on the mathematical classification of numbers:

* PP: The sum of all single-digit prime numbers.
* QQ: The product of the smallest positive composite number and the smallest odd prime number.
* RR: The total count of whole numbers strictly less than 1010 that are classified as neither prime nor composite.
* SS: The smallest positive integer nn for which the expression 12n\sqrt{12n} results in a rational number.

What is the final numerical access code?

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Cevap: 23

Cevap

23
The correct calculation evaluates each subset definition perfectly: P = 17 (sum of primes 2, 3, 5, 7), Q = 12 (4 * 3), R = 2 (0 and 1 are neither prime nor composite), and S = 3 (making 12 * 3 = 36 a perfect square). Plugging these into the equation (17 + 12) - (2 * 3) yields exactly 23.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify single-digit primes and sum them to find P.
P = 17
The single-digit primes are 2, 3, 5, and 7. Summing them yields 2 + 3 + 5 + 7 = 17.
2
Identify the smallest composite and smallest odd prime to find Q.
Q = 12
The smallest positive composite number is 4, and the smallest odd prime number is 3. Multiplying them yields 4 * 3 = 12.
3
Count whole numbers less than 10 that are neither prime nor composite to find R.
R = 2
The set of whole numbers strictly less than 10 is {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}. Only 0 and 1 fit the classification of being neither prime nor composite.
4
Find the smallest positive integer n making \sqrt{12n} rational.
S = 3
For the square root to be rational, 12n must be a perfect square. Since 12 factors to 2^2 * 3, the smallest integer n to pair the remaining 3 is 3.
5
Evaluate the final expression.
23
(P + Q) - (R * S) = (17 + 12) - (2 * 3) = 29 - 6 = 23.

Anahtar Kavram

Classification properties of primes, composites, whole numbers, and rational numbers.
Soru 40Soru

A mechanical watch, which gains time at a continuous and uniform rate, is observed to be exactly 5 minutes slow at 8:00 AM on a Sunday. By 8:00 AM on the immediately following Tuesday, the same watch is exactly 7 minutes fast. How many hours after 8:00 AM on that Sunday did the watch display the true, correct time?

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Cevap: 20

Cevap

20
The correct answer is derived by mapping the total error shift over the total elapsed time. The watch gains a total of 12 minutes over a span of 48 hours. This establishes a constant gain rate of 1 minute every 4 hours. Because the watch started exactly 5 minutes slow, it requires 5×4=205 \times 4 = 20 hours of elapsed true time for it to catch up and display the correct, synchronized time.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Calculate the total true time elapsed between the two observations.
48 hours
To find the rate at which the watch gains time, we first need to determine the total duration of the period. From Sunday 8:00 AM to Tuesday 8:00 AM is precisely two full days, which equals 48 hours.
2
Calculate the total amount of time the watch gained over this period.
12 minutes
The watch transitions from being 5 minutes slow (-5) to being 7 minutes fast (+7). The total change in its display relative to true time is 7(5)=127 - (-5) = 12 minutes.
3
Determine the uniform rate at which the watch gains time.
1 minute gained every 4 hours
By dividing the total elapsed time by the total minutes gained (48÷1248 \div 12), we discover that the watch gains exactly 1 minute for every 4 hours of true time that pass.
4
Calculate the hours needed to make up the initial 5-minute deficit.
20 hours
In order to display the correct time, the watch must gain precisely the 5 minutes it was initially lagging behind. At a steady rate of 1 minute per 4 hours, this process will take 5×4=205 \times 4 = 20 hours.

Anahtar Kavram

Uniform time gain and synchronization of faulty clocks
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