Logical Venn Diagrams

26 soru

Soru 1Soru

An environmental agency reviewed the compliance of 380380 industrial plants across three pollution control standards: Air Emissions (AA), Water Discharge (WW), and Solid Waste (SS). The review revealed the following data:
- 170170 plants met standard AA.
- 150150 plants met standard WW.
- 160160 plants met standard SS.
- 6060 plants met both AA and WW.
- 5555 plants met both WW and SS.
- 5050 plants met both AA and SS.
- 2020 plants failed to meet any of the three standards.

Based on this information, how many industrial plants met EXACTLY TWO of the pollution control standards?

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Cevap: 30

Cevap

The number of industrial plants that met exactly two pollution control standards is 30.
The number of plants that met at least one standard is 38020=360380 - 20 = 360. Using the inclusion-exclusion principle for three sets, 360=170+150+160605550+N(all three)360 = 170 + 150 + 160 - 60 - 55 - 50 + N(\text{all three}), which yields N(all three)=45N(\text{all three}) = 45. The intersection values given (60,55,5060, 55, 50) include these 4545 plants. To isolate the plants meeting *exactly two* standards, we subtract 4545 from each intersection and sum the remaining values: (6045)+(5545)+(5045)=15+10+5=30(60 - 45) + (55 - 45) + (50 - 45) = 15 + 10 + 5 = 30.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Calculate the total number of plants that met at least one standard.
38020=360380 - 20 = 360
To find the union of the three sets, we must subtract the plants that met none of the standards from the total number of surveyed plants.
2
Calculate the number of plants that met all three standards using the inclusion-exclusion principle.
N(AWS)=45N(A \cap W \cap S) = 45
Substituting the known values into the formula N(AWS)=N(A)+N(W)+N(S)N(AW)N(WS)N(AS)+N(AWS)N(A \cup W \cup S) = N(A) + N(W) + N(S) - N(A \cap W) - N(W \cap S) - N(A \cap S) + N(A \cap W \cap S) gives 360=170+150+160605550+N(AWS)360 = 170 + 150 + 160 - 60 - 55 - 50 + N(A \cap W \cap S), which simplifies to 360=315+N(AWS)360 = 315 + N(A \cap W \cap S).
3
Calculate the number of plants that met exactly two standards.
(6045)+(5545)+(5045)=15+10+5=30(60 - 45) + (55 - 45) + (50 - 45) = 15 + 10 + 5 = 30
The 'both' values provided in the problem include the plants that met all three standards. We must subtract the 'all three' value (4545) from each of the three intersections and sum the results.

Anahtar Kavram

Logical Venn Diagrams and the Principle of Inclusion-Exclusion for three sets.
Soru 2Soru

A state health department surveyed 800800 rural clinics regarding the availability of three essential facilities: Telemedicine (TT), Maternal Care Units (MM), and 24/724/7 Ambulance Services (AA).

The survey results revealed the following:
- 410410 clinics have Telemedicine.
- 460460 clinics have Maternal Care Units.
- 400400 clinics have 24/724/7 Ambulance Services.
- 220220 clinics have both Telemedicine and Maternal Care Units.
- 230230 clinics have both Maternal Care Units and Ambulance Services.
- 210210 clinics have both Telemedicine and Ambulance Services.
- 5050 clinics do not have any of these three facilities.

Based on the data provided, which of the following statements are correct? (Select all that apply)

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

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Cevap: Exactly 140140 clinics have all three facilities.; Exactly 370370 clinics have exactly one facility.

Cevap

The correct statements are that exactly 140 clinics have all three facilities, and exactly 370 clinics have exactly one facility.
Based on the Venn diagram calculation, solving for the triple intersection yields exactly 140 clinics. Subsequently calculating the strictly single regions (Telemedicine only, Maternal Care only, and Ambulance only) yields 120, 150, and 100 respectively, which safely sum to exactly 370 clinics having only one facility.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Determine the total number of clinics that have at least one facility.
Total clinics having at least one facility = 80050=750800 - 50 = 750.
To apply the standard three-set inclusion-exclusion principle, the population must only include those inside the union of the three sets.
2
Calculate the number of clinics having all three facilities (TMAT \cap M \cap A).
Apply the formula: TMA=T+M+ATMMATA+TMA|T \cup M \cup A| = |T| + |M| + |A| - |T \cap M| - |M \cap A| - |T \cap A| + |T \cap M \cap A|. Substituting the values gives: 750=410+460+400220230210+TMA750 = 410 + 460 + 400 - 220 - 230 - 210 + |T \cap M \cap A|. Simplifying this yields 750=610+TMA750 = 610 + |T \cap M \cap A|, meaning TMA=140|T \cap M \cap A| = 140.
This establishes the exact center of the Venn diagram, which is fundamentally required to find the exact values for all other independent regions.
3
Determine the number of clinics having exactly two facilities.
Exactly T and M: 220140=80220 - 140 = 80. Exactly M and A: 230140=90230 - 140 = 90. Exactly T and A: 210140=70210 - 140 = 70. Total exactly two = 80+90+70=24080 + 90 + 70 = 240.
The pairwise intersections given in the problem include the clinics that have all three facilities. We must subtract the triple intersection from each pairwise intersection to avoid double counting.
4
Calculate the total number of clinics having exactly one facility.
Only T = 410(80+70+140)=120410 - (80 + 70 + 140) = 120. Only M = 460(80+90+140)=150460 - (80 + 90 + 140) = 150. Only A = 400(70+90+140)=100400 - (70 + 90 + 140) = 100. Total exactly one = 120+150+100=370120 + 150 + 100 = 370.
To find the strictly single categories, we must subtract the 'exactly two' regions and the 'all three' region from the original total of each designated set.

Anahtar Kavram

Inclusion-Exclusion Principle and 3-Set Logical Venn Diagrams
Soru 3Soru

A city library conducted a reading preferences survey among 600600 of its registered members. The survey focused on three genres: Mystery (MM), Sci-Fi (SS), and Biography (BB). The results showed that 120120 members do not read any of these three genres.

Furthermore, the survey revealed the following:
- 250250 members read Mystery.
- 210210 members read Sci-Fi.
- 180180 members read Biography.
- 7070 members read both Mystery and Biography.
- 6060 members read both Sci-Fi and Biography.
- 4040 members read all three genres.

Based on the survey results, how many members read both Mystery and Sci-Fi, but NOT Biography?

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Cevap: 30

Cevap

The correct answer is 30, which is the number of members who read both Mystery and Sci-Fi, but not Biography.
By applying the inclusion-exclusion principle, we find that the total number of readers for both Mystery and Sci-Fi is 70. However, this 70 includes the 40 readers who also read Biography. Since the question specifies readers who do NOT read Biography, we must subtract the 40 who read all three, leaving 30 readers who read exactly Mystery and Sci-Fi.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Determine the total number of members who read at least one of the three genres.
600120=480600 - 120 = 480 members read at least one genre.
The union of all three sets (MSB|M \cup S \cup B|) is equal to the total surveyed population minus those who belong to none of the sets.
2
Use the inclusion-exclusion principle for three sets to find the total number of members who read both Mystery and Sci-Fi (MS|M \cap S|).
480=250+210+180(MS+70+60)+40480 = 250 + 210 + 180 - (|M \cap S| + 70 + 60) + 40. Simplifying this yields 480=550MS480 = 550 - |M \cap S|, which means MS=70|M \cap S| = 70.
The formula MSB=M+S+BMSMBSB+MSB|M \cup S \cup B| = |M| + |S| + |B| - |M \cap S| - |M \cap B| - |S \cap B| + |M \cap S \cap B| links all individual totals, pairwise intersections, and the central three-way intersection.
3
Isolate the members who read exactly Mystery and Sci-Fi by excluding those who also read Biography.
7040=3070 - 40 = 30 members.
The total intersection MS|M \cap S| includes the members who read all three genres. Subtracting MSB|M \cap S \cap B| leaves only those who read exactly Mystery and Sci-Fi.

Anahtar Kavram

Applying the inclusion-exclusion principle for three sets to solve for an unknown pairwise intersection, then isolating a specific exclusive region in a logical Venn diagram.
Soru 4Soru

In a regional sports academy, a group of 7070 trainees were surveyed about their participation in two sports: Cricket and Football. 4545 trainees play Cricket, 3030 trainees play Football, and 1010 trainees play neither sport. How many trainees play both Cricket and Football?

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Cevap: 1515

Cevap

15 trainees play both Cricket and Football.
The total number of trainees participating in at least one sport is found by subtracting the 1010 non-participants from the total 7070, giving 6060. Summing the individual sport counts gives 45+30=7545 + 30 = 75. The overlap represents those counted twice, which is 7560=1575 - 60 = 15.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Calculate the total number of trainees who play at least one sport.
Trainees playing at least one sport = 7010=6070 - 10 = 60.
Subtract trainees playing neither sport from the total group size.
2
Apply the Principle of Inclusion-Exclusion for two sets.
N(CricketFootball)=N(Cricket)+N(Football)N(CricketFootball)N(\text{Cricket} \cup \text{Football}) = N(\text{Cricket}) + N(\text{Football}) - N(\text{Cricket} \cap \text{Football}).
The sum of individual sets double-counts the intersection.
3
Substitute the known values into the equation and solve for the intersection.
60=45+30N(CricketFootball)    N(CricketFootball)=7560=1560 = 45 + 30 - N(\text{Cricket} \cap \text{Football}) \implies N(\text{Cricket} \cap \text{Football}) = 75 - 60 = 15.
Algebraic simplification yields the number of trainees playing both sports.

Anahtar Kavram

Two-Set Inclusion-Exclusion Principle
Soru 5Soru

In a state policy research institute, a survey of 200200 research analysts was conducted regarding their domain specializations in three sectors: Health (HH), Education (EE), and Agriculture (AA). The data revealed that 9090 analysts specialize in Health, 8585 in Education, and 8080 in Agriculture. Furthermore, 3535 analysts specialize in both Health and Education, 3030 in both Education and Agriculture, 2525 in both Health and Agriculture, and 1010 analysts specialize in all three sectors. How many research analysts specialize in corporate policy research analysts who specialize in exactly two of these sectors?

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Cevap: 6060

Cevap

The number of research analysts who specialize in exactly two sectors is 6060.
To find the number of analysts specializing in exactly two sectors, we must determine the exclusive intersection of each pair of sectors. The given intersections represent analysts in at least two sectors.
- Analysts specializing in ONLY Health and Education = 3510=2535 - 10 = 25
- Analysts specializing in ONLY Education and Agriculture = 3010=2030 - 10 = 20
- Analysts specializing in ONLY Health and Agriculture = 2510=1525 - 10 = 15

Summing these exclusive regions gives 25+20+15=6025 + 20 + 15 = 60.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify given set values and intersections
n(HE)=35n(H \cap E) = 35, n(EA)=30n(E \cap A) = 30, n(HA)=25n(H \cap A) = 25, and n(HEA)=10n(H \cap E \cap A) = 10.
Each pairwise intersection given includes both analysts specializing in exactly two sectors and analysts specializing in all three sectors.
2
Calculate the number of analysts specializing ONLY in each specific pair of two sectors
Only Health & Education = 3510=2535 - 10 = 25; Only Education & Agriculture = 3010=2030 - 10 = 20; Only Health & Agriculture = 2510=1525 - 10 = 15.
Subtracting n(HEA)n(H \cap E \cap A) isolates the analysts specializing in exactly two sectors for each pair.
3
Sum the three isolated regions of exactly two specializations
Total = 25+20+15=6025 + 20 + 15 = 60.
Adding these three mutually exclusive regions yields the overall count of analysts specializing in exactly two sectors.

Anahtar Kavram

Logical Venn Diagrams - Intersection Exclusion Principle

Alternatif Yöntem

Using the general formula: Exactly two sets=n(HE)+n(EA)+n(HA)3×n(HEA)=35+30+253(10)=9030=60\text{Exactly two sets} = n(H \cap E) + n(E \cap A) + n(H \cap A) - 3 \times n(H \cap E \cap A) = 35 + 30 + 25 - 3(10) = 90 - 30 = 60.
Tahmini Süre:1m 30s
Soru 6Soru

In a technology seminar attended by 6060 software engineers, 3535 engineers know Python and 2525 engineers know Java. If 1010 engineers know both Python and Java, how many engineers know neither of these two programming languages?

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Cevap: 10

Cevap

The number of engineers who know neither Python nor Java is 10.
The correct answer is 10. By taking the sum of Python knowers (3535) and Java knowers (2525) and subtracting those who know both (1010), we obtain 5050 engineers who know at least one language. Subtracting this from the total 6060 seminar participants leaves 1010 engineers who know neither language.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Find the total number of engineers who know at least one programming language
50 engineers know at least one language
Apply the two-set union formula: n(AB)=n(A)+n(B)n(AB)=35+2510=50n(A \cup B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A \cap B) = 35 + 25 - 10 = 50.
2
Calculate the number of engineers who know neither language
10 engineers know neither language
Subtract the number of engineers knowing at least one language from the total group size: 6050=1060 - 50 = 10.

Anahtar Kavram

Two-Set Inclusion-Exclusion Principle and Complement of Sets
Soru 7Soru

In a regional agricultural department, a survey was conducted among 160160 field officers regarding their supervisory duties across three major crop initiatives: Wheat (WW), Rice (RR), and Cotton (CC). The survey revealed that 8585 officers supervise Wheat, 7070 supervise Rice, and 6060 supervise Cotton. Furthermore, 3535 officers supervise both Wheat and Rice, 2525 supervise both Rice and Cotton, 3030 supervise both Wheat and Cotton, and 1515 officers supervise all three crop initiatives. How many field officers supervise exactly two of these three crop initiatives?

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Cevap: 45

Cevap

The total number of field officers who supervise exactly two crop initiatives is 45.
To find the number of officers supervising exactly two crop initiatives, we calculate the number of officers in each pair of overlapping sets exclusive of the three-set intersection: for Wheat and Rice only (3515=2035 - 15 = 20), for Rice and Cotton only (2515=1025 - 15 = 10), and for Wheat and Cotton only (3015=1530 - 15 = 15). Summing these three regions gives 20+10+15=4520 + 10 + 15 = 45.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Extract intersection values for each pair of sets and subtract the central intersection of all three sets
Only Wheat and Rice = 3515=2035 - 15 = 20; Only Rice and Cotton = 2515=1025 - 15 = 10; Only Wheat and Cotton = 3015=1530 - 15 = 15
The given pairwise intersections include officers who supervise all three initiatives. To isolate those who supervise exactly two, the three-set intersection must be removed from each pairwise intersection.
2
Sum the three distinct 'exactly two' regions
Total = 20+10+15=4520 + 10 + 15 = 45
Adding these disjoint counts yields the total number of officers supervising precisely two crop initiatives.

Anahtar Kavram

Inclusion-Exclusion Principle and Venn Diagram Region Analysis for Three Overlapping Sets
Soru 8Soru

In a district administrative audit of 240240 agricultural cooperatives, compliance with three digital platforms was surveyed: E-Farming Portal (PP), Soil Health Database (SS), and Crop Insurance Registry (II). It was found that 115115 cooperatives use PP, 110110 use SS, and 105105 use II. Exactly 2525 cooperatives do not use any of the three platforms, and 2020 cooperatives use all three platforms. Furthermore, the number of cooperatives using only PP, only SS, and only II are in the ratio 8:9:78 : 9 : 7, respectively. How many cooperatives use exactly two of these digital platforms?

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Cevap: 75

Cevap

The number of cooperatives using exactly two digital platforms is 75.
By applying the principle of inclusion-exclusion across the 3 sets, the union of all three platforms is 24025=215240 - 25 = 215. Expressing the total elements as the sum of single-platform users (a+b+c)(a+b+c), exactly-two-platform users (d+e+f)(d+e+f), and all-three-platform users (2020), we get (a+b+c)+(d+e+f)=195(a+b+c) + (d+e+f) = 195. Summing the individual set totals without the central intersection yields (a+b+c)+2(d+e+f)=95+90+85=270(a+b+c) + 2(d+e+f) = 95 + 90 + 85 = 270. Subtracting the first equation from the second eliminates (a+b+c)(a+b+c) directly, leaving d+e+f=270195=75d+e+f = 270 - 195 = 75.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Calculate the total number of cooperatives using at least one digital platform.
Total using at least one platform = 24025=215240 - 25 = 215.
Subtracting the cooperatives that use none of the platforms from the total audited population gives the union of all three sets PSI|P \cup S \cup I|.
2
Set up equations for single-region and double-region intersection counts using set partition variables.
Let a,b,ca, b, c be the counts for only PP, only SS, and only II respectively. Let d,e,fd, e, f be the counts for exactly two platforms (PSP \cap S only, SIS \cap I only, PIP \cap I only). The count for all three platforms is g=20g = 20.
Dividing the 3-set Venn diagram into 7 mutually exclusive regions allows exact algebraic formulation.
3
Express total set union and individual set totals in terms of these regions.
Equation 1 (Union): (a+b+c)+(d+e+f)+20=215    (a+b+c)+(d+e+f)=195(a + b + c) + (d + e + f) + 20 = 215 \implies (a + b + c) + (d + e + f) = 195.
Individual sets:
P=a+d+f+20=115    a+d+f=95|P| = a + d + f + 20 = 115 \implies a + d + f = 95
S=b+d+e+20=110    b+d+e=90|S| = b + d + e + 20 = 110 \implies b + d + e = 90
I=c+e+f+20=105    c+e+f=85|I| = c + e + f + 20 = 105 \implies c + e + f = 85.
Each individual set sum accounts for its unique region, adjacent two-set intersections, and the three-set intersection.
4
Sum the three individual set equations and solve for (d+e+f)(d + e + f).
Equation 2 (Sum of set equations): (a+b+c)+2(d+e+f)=95+90+85=270(a + b + c) + 2(d + e + f) = 95 + 90 + 85 = 270.
Subtracting Equation 1 from Equation 2:
[(a+b+c)+2(d+e+f)][(a+b+c)+(d+e+f)]=270195[(a + b + c) + 2(d + e + f)] - [(a + b + c) + (d + e + f)] = 270 - 195
(d+e+f)=75(d + e + f) = 75.
Subtracting the union sum eliminates the single-region terms (a+b+c)(a + b + c) directly, isolating the sum of regions representing exactly two platforms.

Anahtar Kavram

Principle of Inclusion-Exclusion and Region Partitioning in 3-Set Venn Diagrams
Tahmini Süre:3m 0s
Soru 9Soru

In a district administration department, a survey was conducted among 250250 officers regarding their technical expertise in three digital governance domains: Cyber Security (CC), Data Analytics (DD), and Public Grievance Portals (PP). The data collected is as follows:
- 120120 officers have expertise in Data Analytics.
- 115115 officers have expertise in Cyber Security.
- 100100 officers have expertise in Public Grievance Portals.
- 5050 officers have expertise in both Data Analytics and Cyber Security.
- 4545 officers have expertise in both Cyber Security and Public Grievance Portals.
- 4040 officers have expertise in both Data Analytics and Public Grievance Portals.
- 2020 officers possess expertise in all three digital governance domains.

Based on the given data, how many officers have expertise in EXACTLY TWO of these three domains?

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Cevap: 75

Cevap

The total number of officers who have expertise in exactly two digital governance domains is 75.
To find the number of officers with expertise in exactly two domains, we calculate the exclusive intersection regions by subtracting the central three-set intersection (2020) from each of the given double-intersection totals: (5020)+(4520)+(4020)=30+25+20=75(50 - 20) + (45 - 20) + (40 - 20) = 30 + 25 + 20 = 75.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Calculate the number of officers in the region representing expertise in ONLY Data Analytics and Cyber Security
5020=3050 - 20 = 30 officers
The total intersection of Data Analytics and Cyber Security includes officers proficient in all three domains. Subtracting the 3-domain count isolates those proficient in only these two.
2
Calculate the number of officers in the region representing expertise in ONLY Cyber Security and Public Grievance Portals
4520=2545 - 20 = 25 officers
Subtracting the 3-domain count from the total intersection of Cyber Security and Public Grievance Portals isolates those proficient in only these two.
3
Calculate the number of officers in the region representing expertise in ONLY Data Analytics and Public Grievance Portals
4020=2040 - 20 = 20 officers
Subtracting the 3-domain count from the total intersection of Data Analytics and Public Grievance Portals isolates those proficient in only these two.
4
Sum the three mutually exclusive regions representing expertise in exactly two domains
30+25+20=7530 + 25 + 20 = 75 officers
Adding these disjoint sets yields the total number of officers with expertise in exactly two of the three digital governance domains.

Anahtar Kavram

Principle of Inclusion-Exclusion and Venn Diagram Region Partitioning
Tahmini Süre:2m 0s
Soru 10Soru

In a district administration office, a survey of 120120 officers was conducted regarding their proficiency in using three government portals: e-Office (EE), CPGRAMS (CC), and GeM (GG). The survey revealed that 6565 officers are proficient in e-Office, 5555 in CPGRAMS, and 5050 in GeM. Furthermore, 2525 officers are proficient in both e-Office and CPGRAMS, 2020 in both CPGRAMS and GeM, and 2222 in both e-Office and GeM. If 1010 officers are proficient in all three portals, how many officers are proficient in none of these three portals?

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Cevap: 7

Cevap

The number of officers proficient in none of the three portals is 7.
The total number of officers in at least one portal is calculated using ECG=(65+55+50)(25+20+22)+10=113|E \cup C \cup G| = (65 + 55 + 50) - (25 + 20 + 22) + 10 = 113. Subtracting this from the total group of 120120 gives 120113=7120 - 113 = 7 officers in none of the portals.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Apply the Principle of Inclusion-Exclusion for three sets to find the total number of officers proficient in at least one portal.
ECG=E+C+GECCGEG+ECG|E \cup C \cup G| = |E| + |C| + |G| - |E \cap C| - |C \cap G| - |E \cap G| + |E \cap C \cap G|
Overlapping regions must be subtracted to prevent double counting, and the central triple intersection must be added back because it is subtracted three times.
2
Substitute the given numerical values into the formula.
ECG=65+55+50252022+10=17067+10=113|E \cup C \cup G| = 65 + 55 + 50 - 25 - 20 - 22 + 10 = 170 - 67 + 10 = 113
Calculating the total number of officers belonging to at least one category.
3
Subtract the number of officers proficient in at least one portal from the total officer population.
Number in none =120113=7= 120 - 113 = 7
Officers outside all three sets represent the complement of the union set.

Anahtar Kavram

Principle of Inclusion-Exclusion for 3 overlapping sets
Soru 11Soru

In a state administrative audit of 300300 urban development projects, participation across three infrastructure domains—Sanitation (SS), Transport (TT), and Green Space (GG)—was analyzed. The audit revealed that 145145 projects involve Sanitation, 135135 involve Transport, and 125125 involve Green Space. Exactly 7070 projects involve precisely two domains, while 2020 projects involve all three domains. Furthermore, 4545 projects involve both Sanitation and Transport, and 3535 projects involve both Transport and Green Space. Which of the following statements are correct? (Select all correct options.)

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Exactly 7070 projects are dedicated exclusively to Sanitation.; The total number of projects involving at least two domains is 9090.; The number of projects involving both Green Space and Sanitation, but not Transport, is 3030.

Cevap

The statements asserting that exactly 70 projects are dedicated exclusively to Sanitation, that 90 projects involve at least two domains, and that 30 projects involve both Green Space and Sanitation but not Transport are all correct.
The three correct options accurately reflect the regional values obtained from set decomposition: exclusive Sanitation projects equal 70, projects in two or more domains total 90 (70 + 20), and projects in Green Space and Sanitation only total 30.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Calculate the regions involving exactly two domains
Sanitation and Transport only = 4520=2545 - 20 = 25; Transport and Green Space only = 3520=1535 - 20 = 15. Green Space and Sanitation only = 70(25+15)=3070 - (25 + 15) = 30.
The intersection of two sets includes the triple intersection of all three sets.
2
Calculate single-domain exclusive regions
Sanitation only = 145(25+30+20)=70145 - (25 + 30 + 20) = 70; Transport only = 135(25+15+20)=75135 - (25 + 15 + 20) = 75; Green Space only = 125(30+15+20)=60125 - (30 + 15 + 20) = 60.
Subtracting all overlapping two-set and three-set regions from each total set size isolates the single-domain counts.
3
Calculate projects in at least two domains
Projects in at least two domains = (Exactly 2 domains) + (All 3 domains) = 70+20=9070 + 20 = 90.
'At least two' is the union of the exactly two and exactly three regions.
4
Calculate total union and unaffiliated projects
Total in at least one domain = 70+75+60+25+15+30+20=29570 + 75 + 60 + 25 + 15 + 30 + 20 = 295. Unaffiliated projects = 300295=5300 - 295 = 5.
Subtracting the union of all three sets from the total project pool yields the count of elements outside all sets.

Anahtar Kavram

Three-Set Venn Diagram Region Decomposition and Inclusion-Exclusion Principle
Soru 12Soru

In a survey conducted among 300300 State PSC aspirants, data was collected regarding their enrollment in preparation modules for three optional subjects: Public Administration (PP), Sociology (SS), and Geography (GG). It was found that 140140 aspirants enrolled in Public Administration, 130130 in Sociology, and 120120 in Geography. Further, 5050 aspirants enrolled in both Public Administration and Sociology, 4545 in both Sociology and Geography, and 4040 in both Public Administration and Geography. If 2020 aspirants did not enroll in any of these three subjects, how many aspirants enrolled in EXACTLY ONE optional subject?

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Cevap: 195

Cevap

The number of aspirants enrolled in exactly one optional subject is 195.
By applying the inclusion-exclusion principle for three overlapping sets, the number of aspirants enrolled in all three subjects is determined to be 2525. Decomposing each set into disjoint regions gives 7575 candidates in Public Administration only, 6060 in Sociology only, and 6060 in Geography only. Summing these exclusive single-set regions yields 195195.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Determine the total number of aspirants enrolled in at least one optional subject
Total enrolled PSG=30020=280|P \cup S \cup G| = 300 - 20 = 280.
Candidates not enrolled in any of the three subjects must be excluded from the universe of 300300.
2
Apply the Principle of Inclusion-Exclusion for three sets to find the three-set intersection region PSG|P \cap S \cap G|
PSG=P+S+G(PS+SG+PG)+PSG    280=140+130+120(50+45+40)+PSG    280=390135+PSG    PSG=25|P \cup S \cup G| = |P| + |S| + |G| - (|P \cap S| + |S \cap G| + |P \cap G|) + |P \cap S \cap G| \implies 280 = 140 + 130 + 120 - (50 + 45 + 40) + |P \cap S \cap G| \implies 280 = 390 - 135 + |P \cap S \cap G| \implies |P \cap S \cap G| = 25.
To find individual exclusive regions, the central intersection of all three sets must first be determined.
3
Calculate the count of candidates enrolled in exactly two subjects
Only (PS)=5025=25(P \cap S) = 50 - 25 = 25; Only (SG)=4525=20(S \cap G) = 45 - 25 = 20; Only (PG)=4025=15(P \cap G) = 40 - 25 = 15.
Subtracting the triple intersection from pairwise intersections gives the exact counts of elements belonging strictly to two sets.
4
Calculate the count of candidates enrolled in exactly one subject for each subject and sum them up
Only P=140(25+25+15)=75P = 140 - (25 + 25 + 15) = 75; Only S=130(25+25+20)=60S = 130 - (25 + 25 + 20) = 60; Only G=120(15+25+20)=60G = 120 - (15 + 25 + 20) = 60. Total exactly one = 75+60+60=19575 + 60 + 60 = 195.
Subtracting all overlapping regions from each subject set total yields the number of candidates taking only that single subject.

Anahtar Kavram

Principle of Inclusion-Exclusion for Three Sets
Soru 13Soru

In a group of 6060 civil service aspirants, 3535 aspirants study History, 2525 study Geography, and 1010 study both History and Geography. How many aspirants study neither History nor Geography?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: 1010

Cevap

The number of aspirants studying neither History nor Geography is 1010.
By applying the set formula HG=H+GHG|H \cup G| = |H| + |G| - |H \cap G|, we get HG=35+2510=50|H \cup G| = 35 + 25 - 10 = 50. The number of aspirants who study neither subject is 6050=1060 - 50 = 10.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Calculate the total number of aspirants studying at least one subject using the principle of inclusion-exclusion.
Aspirants studying at least one subject = 35+2510=5035 + 25 - 10 = 50.
The intersection of 1010 is counted in both individual groups and must be subtracted once to avoid double counting.
2
Subtract the number of aspirants studying at least one subject from the total population.
Aspirants studying neither subject = 6050=1060 - 50 = 10.
The total group consists of aspirants studying at least one subject plus those studying neither.

Anahtar Kavram

Principle of Inclusion-Exclusion for two sets: AB=A+BAB|A \cup B| = |A| + |B| - |A \cap B|.
Soru 14Soru

In a survey of 120120 civil service aspirants, 6565 study Indian History, 5555 study Indian Polity, and 4545 study Geography. Further details reveal that 2525 aspirants study both History and Polity, 2020 study both Polity and Geography, 1515 study both History and Geography, and 88 study all three subjects. How many aspirants study exactly two subjects?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: 3636

Cevap

The number of aspirants studying exactly two subjects is 36.
The correct answer is 3636. To find the number of people in 'exactly two' sets in a 3-circle Venn diagram, we subtract the center region (all three sets) from each of the two-set overlapping regions: (258)+(208)+(158)=17+12+7=36(25 - 8) + (20 - 8) + (15 - 8) = 17 + 12 + 7 = 36.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the given region values from the problem statement
Total aspirants = 120120, n(H)=65n(H) = 65, n(P)=55n(P) = 55, n(G)=45n(G) = 45, n(HP)=25n(H \cap P) = 25, n(PG)=20n(P \cap G) = 20, n(HG)=15n(H \cap G) = 15, and n(HPG)=8n(H \cap P \cap G) = 8.
Establishing set parameters enables standard Venn diagram region calculations.
2
Calculate aspirants studying only History and Polity
n(HP only)=n(HP)n(HPG)=258=17n(H \cap P \text{ only}) = n(H \cap P) - n(H \cap P \cap G) = 25 - 8 = 17.
Sub-regions representing exactly two subjects must exclude elements in all three sets.
3
Calculate aspirants studying only Polity and Geography
n(PG only)=n(PG)n(HPG)=208=12n(P \cap G \text{ only}) = n(P \cap G) - n(H \cap P \cap G) = 20 - 8 = 12.
Isolate the dual-subject overlap specific to Polity and Geography.
4
Calculate aspirants studying only History and Geography
n(HG only)=n(HG)n(HPG)=158=7n(H \cap G \text{ only}) = n(H \cap G) - n(H \cap P \cap G) = 15 - 8 = 7.
Isolate the dual-subject overlap specific to History and Geography.
5
Sum the three exclusive dual-subject regions
17+12+7=3617 + 12 + 7 = 36.
The total number of aspirants studying exactly two subjects is the sum of the three mutually exclusive regions.

Anahtar Kavram

Inclusion-Exclusion Principle and Logical Venn Diagram Region Identification
Soru 15Soru

A state planning commission reviewed 350350 rural development grants to evaluate their allocation across three critical sectors: Healthcare (HH), Education (EE), and Infrastructure (II). The review revealed the following data:

- 160160 grants were allocated to Healthcare.
- 150150 grants were allocated to Education.
- 140140 grants were allocated to Infrastructure.
- 5050 grants were allocated to both Healthcare and Education.
- 4545 grants were allocated to both Education and Infrastructure.
- 4040 grants were allocated to both Healthcare and Infrastructure.
- 1515 grants were allocated to all three sectors.

Based on the information above, which of the following statements are correct?

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Exactly 2020 grants were not allocated to any of these three sectors.; Exactly 7070 grants were allocated only to Education.

Cevap

The correct statements are that exactly 20 grants were not allocated to any of these three sectors, and exactly 70 grants were allocated only to Education.
The correct statements accurately identify the number of unallocated grants and the grants allocated exclusively to Education. The total number of allocated grants is found using the formula HEI=160+150+140504540+15=330|H \cup E \cup I| = 160 + 150 + 140 - 50 - 45 - 40 + 15 = 330. Therefore, 350330=20350 - 330 = 20 grants are unallocated. Additionally, grants for ONLY Education equals the total for Education minus all its intersections: 150(35+30+15)=70150 - (35 + 30 + 15) = 70.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the values for the intersections of exactly two sets by subtracting the 'all three' value (1515) from the given two-set intersections.
Healthcare & Education only = 5015=3550 - 15 = 35. Education & Infrastructure only = 4515=3045 - 15 = 30. Healthcare & Infrastructure only = 4015=2540 - 15 = 25.
The given intersections (e.g., Healthcare and Education) include the grants that belong to all three sectors. These must be separated to find exclusive regions.
2
Calculate the number of grants allocated to exactly two sectors.
Total for exactly two = 35+30+25=9035 + 30 + 25 = 90.
Adding the distinct 'only two' regions provides the total for grants overlapping in exactly two sectors.
3
Calculate the number of grants allocated exclusively to each single sector.
Only Healthcare = 160(35+25+15)=85160 - (35 + 25 + 15) = 85. Only Education = 150(35+30+15)=70150 - (35 + 30 + 15) = 70. Only Infrastructure = 140(25+30+15)=70140 - (25 + 30 + 15) = 70.
Subtracting all overlapping parts of a set from its total yields the exclusive 'only one category' count.
4
Determine the total number of grants allocated to at least one sector and those allocated to none.
Total allocated = 85+70+70+35+30+25+15=33085 + 70 + 70 + 35 + 30 + 25 + 15 = 330. Unallocated (None) = 350330=20350 - 330 = 20.
Summing all distinct regions of the Venn diagram gives the union of the sets. Subtracting this from the universal set gives the complement (None).
5
Evaluate each given statement based on the calculated regions.
Statement 1 (20 unallocated) is true. Statement 2 (135 exactly two) is false (actual is 90). Statement 3 (70 only Education) is true. Statement 4 (50 only H and E) is false (actual is 35).
Matching calculated values against the options reveals the correct selections.

Anahtar Kavram

Solving 3-set logical Venn diagrams using the inclusion-exclusion principle and identifying specific overlapping regions.
Soru 16Soru

In a municipal office survey of 100100 administrative officers, 5050 officers speak English, 4040 officers speak Hindi, and 2020 officers speak both English and Hindi. Based on this information, which of the following statements are correct?

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: The number of officers who speak only English is 3030.; The number of officers who speak neither English nor Hindi is 3030.

Cevap

The correct statements are that the number of officers who speak only English is 3030, and the number of officers who speak neither English nor Hindi is 3030.
The number of officers speaking only English is obtained by subtracting the shared region (2020) from the total English speakers (5050), giving 3030. The officers speaking at least one language equals 30 (only English)+20 (both)+20 (only Hindi)=7030 \text{ (only English)} + 20 \text{ (both)} + 20 \text{ (only Hindi)} = 70. Subtracting 7070 from the total 100100 officers gives 3030 officers who speak neither language.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Calculate the number of officers who speak only English.
Only English=5020=30\text{Only English} = 50 - 20 = 30
Subtract the intersection (both languages) from the total English speakers.
2
Calculate the number of officers who speak only Hindi.
Only Hindi=4020=20\text{Only Hindi} = 40 - 20 = 20
Subtract the intersection (both languages) from the total Hindi speakers.
3
Calculate the total number of officers speaking at least one language (the union of sets).
At least one language=30+20+20=70\text{At least one language} = 30 + 20 + 20 = 70
Sum the exclusive counts and the shared intersection count.
4
Calculate the number of officers speaking neither language.
Neither language=10070=30\text{Neither language} = 100 - 70 = 30
Subtract the number of officers speaking at least one language from the total group size.

Anahtar Kavram

Inclusion-Exclusion Principle for Two Sets
Tahmini Süre:1m 0s
Soru 17Soru

In a municipal department of 120120 officers, a survey was conducted regarding three operational responsibilities: Urban Planning (UU), Environmental Compliance (EE), and Public Works (PP). The survey revealed the following data:
- 6565 officers handle Urban Planning (UU).
- 5050 officers handle Environmental Compliance (EE).
- 5555 officers handle Public Works (PP).
- 55 officers handle none of these three responsibilities.
- 4545 officers handle at least two of these responsibilities.
- 1010 officers handle all three responsibilities.
- 2020 officers handle both Urban Planning and Environmental Compliance.
- 1818 officers handle both Environmental Compliance and Public Works.

How many officers handle ONLY Urban Planning?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: 28

Cevap

The number of officers handling ONLY Urban Planning is 28.
Subtracting all overlapping regions connected to Urban Planning (1010 for Urban Planning & Environmental only, 1717 for Urban Planning & Public Works only, and 1010 for all three) from the total Urban Planning count (6565) leaves 6537=2865 - 37 = 28 officers handling Urban Planning exclusively.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Determine the total number of officers handling at least one responsibility.
Total in at least one set = 1205=115120 - 5 = 115.
5 officers handle none of the three tasks.
2
Identify the regions of overlapping sets using given intersection values.
Let the 3-set intersection be g=10g = 10. The region for ONLY Urban Planning and Environmental Compliance is d=2010=10d = 20 - 10 = 10. The region for ONLY Environmental Compliance and Public Works is e=1810=8e = 18 - 10 = 8.
The total count for two sets includes those who also handle all three.
3
Calculate the region for ONLY Urban Planning and Public Works (ff).
Since officers handling at least two responsibilities equals d+e+f+g=45d + e + f + g = 45, we have 10+8+f+10=45    f=1710 + 8 + f + 10 = 45 \implies f = 17.
The sum of all two-set-only regions and the three-set region equals 45.
4
Compute the number of officers handling ONLY Urban Planning (aa).
a=n(U)(d+f+g)=65(10+17+10)=6537=28a = n(U) - (d + f + g) = 65 - (10 + 17 + 10) = 65 - 37 = 28.
Subtracting all shared regions from the total Urban Planning count leaves the officers dedicated solely to Urban Planning.

Anahtar Kavram

3-Set Venn Diagram Region Decomposition using Inclusion-Exclusion Principle
Tahmini Süre:2m 30s
Soru 18Soru

In a state administration academy, a cohort of 150150 officer trainees completed specialized skill modules in Artificial Intelligence (AA), Blockchain Technology (BB), and Cyber Security (CC). Data from the academy administration indicates:
- 7575 trainees enrolled in Artificial Intelligence (AA)
- 6565 trainees enrolled in Blockchain Technology (BB)
- 6060 trainees enrolled in Cyber Security (CC)
- 3030 trainees enrolled in both Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain Technology
- 2525 trainees enrolled in both Blockchain Technology and Cyber Security
- 2020 trainees enrolled in both Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Security
- 1010 trainees enrolled in all three modules

Based on the provided data, which of the following statements regarding the trainee enrollment are correct?

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: The total number of trainees enrolled in exactly one training module is 8080.; The total number of trainees enrolled in at least two training modules is 5555.

Cevap

The statements asserting that 8080 trainees are enrolled in exactly one training module and that 5555 trainees are enrolled in at least two training modules are correct.
The correct evaluation shows that exactly one module enrollment totals 35+20+25=8035 + 20 + 25 = 80, and at least two modules enrollment totals 45+10=5545 + 10 = 55.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the region for trainees taking all three modules.
n(ABC)=10n(A \cap B \cap C) = 10.
This fundamental triple intersection value must be subtracted from pairwise intersections to isolate dual-module regions.
2
Calculate trainees enrolled in exactly two modules.
Only A and B=3010=20A \text{ and } B = 30 - 10 = 20; Only B and C=2510=15B \text{ and } C = 25 - 10 = 15; Only A and C=2010=10A \text{ and } C = 20 - 10 = 10. Total taking exactly two modules = 20+15+10=4520 + 15 + 10 = 45.
Subtracting the triple intersection isolates individuals taking exclusively two subjects.
3
Calculate trainees enrolled in exactly one module.
Only A=75(20+10+10)=35A = 75 - (20 + 10 + 10) = 35; Only B=65(20+15+10)=20B = 65 - (20 + 15 + 10) = 20; Only C=60(10+15+10)=25C = 60 - (10 + 15 + 10) = 25. Total taking exactly one module = 35+20+25=8035 + 20 + 25 = 80.
Subtracting dual and triple overlaps from total single set numbers yields single-module counts.
4
Determine total trainees taking at least one module and trainees taking none.
Total taking at least one module =80 (single)+45 (double)+10 (triple)=135= 80 \text{ (single)} + 45 \text{ (double)} + 10 \text{ (triple)} = 135. Trainees taking none =150135=15= 150 - 135 = 15.
Applying set summation gives total enrolled trainees, from which the non-enrolled count is derived.

Anahtar Kavram

Three-Set Venn Diagram Region Decomposition using Inclusion-Exclusion Principle
Tahmini Süre:2m 0s
Soru 19Soru

In a department of 150150 administrative officers, a survey was conducted regarding specialized training in three skills: Cyber Security (CC), Data Analytics (DD), and Disaster Management (MM). The survey revealed the following data:
- 7575 officers are trained in Cyber Security
- 6565 officers are trained in Data Analytics
- 5555 officers are trained in Disaster Management
- 3030 officers are trained in both Cyber Security and Data Analytics
- 2525 officers are trained in both Data Analytics and Disaster Management
- 2020 officers are trained in both Cyber Security and Disaster Management
- 1010 officers are trained in all three areas

Based on this information, which of the following statements are correct?

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: The number of officers trained only in Cyber Security is 3535.; The number of officers who are not trained in any of these three subjects is 2020.

Cevap

The statements confirming that 3535 officers are trained only in Cyber Security and that 2020 officers are not trained in any of the three subjects are correct.
The statement specifying that 3535 officers are trained only in Cyber Security is correct because 75(20+10+10)=3575 - (20 + 10 + 10) = 35. The statement specifying that 2020 officers are not trained in any of the three subjects is also correct because the total union of officers with at least one training is 130130, leaving 150130=20150 - 130 = 20.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Calculate the number of officers trained in exactly two areas and all three areas
Only Cyber Security and Data Analytics = 3010=2030 - 10 = 20; Only Data Analytics and Disaster Management = 2510=1525 - 10 = 15; Only Cyber Security and Disaster Management = 2010=1020 - 10 = 10; All three = 1010.
To avoid double-counting the triple-intersection region (1010), it must be subtracted from each pairwise intersection.
2
Calculate officers trained in only one area
Only Cyber Security = 75(20+10+10)=3575 - (20 + 10 + 10) = 35; Only Data Analytics = 65(20+15+10)=2065 - (20 + 15 + 10) = 20; Only Disaster Management = 55(10+15+10)=2055 - (10 + 15 + 10) = 20.
Subtract all overlapping regions from the total count of each individual set.
3
Find the total number of officers trained in at least one subject (Union of 3 sets)
Total trained = 35+20+20+20+15+10+10=13035 + 20 + 20 + 20 + 15 + 10 + 10 = 130.
Sum up all seven mutually exclusive regions.
4
Determine the number of officers not trained in any of the three subjects
None = 150130=20150 - 130 = 20.
Subtract the total in the union from the total population of officers (150150).

Anahtar Kavram

Principle of Inclusion-Exclusion for Three Sets
Soru 20Soru

In a survey of 8080 state administrative officers, 5050 officers read Newspaper X, 4040 officers read Newspaper Y, and 1515 officers read both newspapers. How many officers read only Newspaper X?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: 35

Cevap

35 officers read only Newspaper X.
The total number of officers who read Newspaper X is 50. Since 15 of these officers also read Newspaper Y, subtracting the overlapping group (15) from the total Newspaper X group (50) gives 35 officers who read strictly Newspaper X.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the total count of readers for Newspaper X and the intersection count of readers who read both newspapers.
Total readers of Newspaper X = 50, Readers of both Newspaper X and Y = 15.
The group reading Newspaper X consists of those reading Newspaper X only and those reading both newspapers.
2
Subtract the intersection count from the total count of Newspaper X readers.
50 - 15 = 35.
Using set theory, n(Only X) = n(X) - n(X ∩ Y).

Anahtar Kavram

Two-set Venn diagram region calculation: n(Only A) = n(A) - n(A ∩ B)
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Logical Venn Diagrams Alıştırma Soruları — State PSC Exam | Examkin