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Zorluk: OrtaObstetric Complications

A 2929-year-old primigravid patient at 3737 weeks and 55 days gestation presents to the obstetric triage unit reporting a sudden gush of clear vaginal fluid occurring 11 hour ago. Over the past 2020 minutes, she has noticed the fluid becoming increasingly blood-tinged, followed by active, painless vaginal bleeding. She denies abdominal pain or uterine contractions. Her prenatal course was notable for a second-trimester ultrasound showing a velamentous umbilical cord insertion. Temperature is 37.0∘C37.0^\circ\text{C} (98.6∘F98.6^\circ\text{F}), blood pressure is 122/78122/78 mm Hg, and pulse is 8888/min. The maternal abdomen is soft and non-tender. Speculum examination confirms active bleeding from the external cervical os. Continuous fetal monitoring initially showed a baseline of 145145/min with moderate variability, but now demonstrates a sudden, prolonged deceleration to 7070/min lasting for the past 44 minutes. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

  1. A
    Maternal left lateral repositioning and intravenous fluid bolus
  2. B
    Transvaginal ultrasonography to assess placental position
  3. C
    Placement of a fetal scalp electrode for continuous internal monitoring
  4. Immediate laparotomy and hysterotomyCevap
  5. E
    Evaluation of maternal coagulation profile

Cevap

Immediate laparotomy and hysterotomy
The patient's presentation of painless vaginal bleeding immediately following rupture of membranes, accompanied by severe fetal bradycardia (prolonged deceleration), is highly suspicious for ruptured vasa previa. In vasa previa, unprotected fetal blood vessels run through the amniotic membranes over the internal cervical os. When the membranes rupture, these vessels can tear, leading to rapid fetal exsanguination. Given the severe and prolonged fetal deceleration indicating acute fetal distress, the most appropriate next step is emergent surgical delivery via laparotomy and hysterotomy to prevent fetal demise.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the clinical triad
The patient presents with recent rupture of membranes, painless vaginal bleeding, and severe fetal bradycardia (prolonged deceleration).
Recognizing this classic combination of findings is essential for diagnosing ruptured vasa previa.
2
Incorporate prenatal history
The history of a velamentous cord insertion significantly increases the risk for vasa previa.
In a velamentous insertion, unprotected fetal vessels run through the chorioamniotic membranes and can easily tear upon membrane rupture.
3
Determine the optimal management
Immediate surgical intervention (laparotomy and hysterotomy) is required.
The bleeding is of fetal origin. Because the total fetal blood volume is small, the prolonged deceleration indicates acute fetal exsanguination and distress, necessitating rapid delivery to prevent fetal demise.

Anahtar Kavram

Diagnosis and emergent management of ruptured vasa previa
Tahmini Süre:1m 15s
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