A -year-old primigravid patient at weeks and days gestation presents to the obstetric triage unit reporting a sudden gush of clear vaginal fluid occurring hour ago. Over the past minutes, she has noticed the fluid becoming increasingly blood-tinged, followed by active, painless vaginal bleeding. She denies abdominal pain or uterine contractions. Her prenatal course was notable for a second-trimester ultrasound showing a velamentous umbilical cord insertion. Temperature is (), blood pressure is mm Hg, and pulse is /min. The maternal abdomen is soft and non-tender. Speculum examination confirms active bleeding from the external cervical os. Continuous fetal monitoring initially showed a baseline of /min with moderate variability, but now demonstrates a sudden, prolonged deceleration to /min lasting for the past minutes. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
- AMaternal left lateral repositioning and intravenous fluid bolus
- BTransvaginal ultrasonography to assess placental position
- CPlacement of a fetal scalp electrode for continuous internal monitoring
- Immediate laparotomy and hysterotomyCevap
- EEvaluation of maternal coagulation profile