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Zorluk: OrtaAnxiety, OCD, and Trauma-Related Disorders

Match each patient's clinical presentation to the most appropriate DSM-5 diagnosis based on their specific symptom profile and duration.

  • A 28-year-old woman presents 2 weeks after surviving a severe earthquake. She reports intrusive memories of the event, actively avoids news related to the disaster, and experiences hypervigilance and severe insomnia.Acute Stress Disorder
  • A 45-year-old man reports 7 months of excessive, uncontrollable worry regarding his job security, finances, and his family's health, accompanied by chronic muscle tension, fatigue, and poor sleep.Generalized Anxiety Disorder
  • A 32-year-old man describes recurrent, unexpected episodes of intense fear accompanied by tachycardia, shortness of breath, and a fear of dying, followed by a month of persistent worry about having future episodes.Panic Disorder
  • A 22-year-old woman experiences severe distress and tearfulness that began 2 months after a difficult relationship breakup. Her symptoms impair her academic performance but she does not meet full criteria for a major depressive episode.Adjustment Disorder
  • A 35-year-old woman has a marked, persistent fear of enclosed spaces, crowds, and public transportation. She avoids these situations entirely due to fear of being unable to escape or get help if she were to develop panic-like symptoms.Agoraphobia

Cevap

The vignettes correctly match to Acute Stress Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, Adjustment Disorder, and Agoraphobia based on symptom duration and specific clinical features.
The correct matches are based on the specific DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for anxiety and trauma-related disorders. Acute Stress Disorder is diagnosed when trauma-related symptoms last between 3 days and 1 month. Generalized Anxiety Disorder requires excessive, generalized worry for at least 6 months. Panic Disorder is characterized by recurrent unexpected panic attacks with subsequent anticipatory anxiety. Adjustment Disorder involves clinically significant distress within 3 months of a stressor that does not meet criteria for another mental disorder. Agoraphobia is the fear and avoidance of situations where escape might be difficult if panic symptoms occur.

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1
Evaluate the timeline and nature of the trauma or stressor in each vignette.
The earthquake survivor's symptoms have lasted 2 weeks (Acute Stress Disorder). The student with the breakup has had symptoms for 2 months without meeting criteria for MDD (Adjustment Disorder).
Timeline is the primary distinguishing factor between Acute Stress Disorder (less than 1 month) and PTSD (greater than 1 month), as well as normal stress versus Adjustment Disorder.
2
Analyze the pattern of anxiety and panic symptoms in the remaining vignettes.
The patient with unexpected fear episodes and anticipatory anxiety matches Panic Disorder. The patient avoiding enclosed spaces due to fear of not being able to escape matches Agoraphobia. The patient with 7 months of chronic, generalized worry matches Generalized Anxiety Disorder.
Differentiating anxiety disorders requires isolating the core fear: unexpected physical arousal (Panic Disorder), difficulty escaping (Agoraphobia), or pervasive cognitive worry (GAD).

Anahtar Kavram

Diagnostic criteria and timelines for Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Trauma-Related Disorders
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Konular

Anxiety, OCD, and Trauma-Related Disorders

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