Match each patient's clinical presentation with the most accurate DSM-5 diagnosis based on the primary motivation for their symptoms or avoidance behavior.
- A 30-year-old avoids subways and crowded concerts because she fears escape would be difficult or help unavailable if she were to suddenly lose bladder control.Agoraphobia
- A 25-year-old avoids subways because he is intensely preoccupied with the belief that other passengers are observing his movements and judging him.Social Anxiety Disorder
- A 28-year-old avoids subways due to intrusive thoughts about contracting an infectious disease, which cause severe anxiety relieved only by repetitive hand sanitization.Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
- A 40-year-old avoids all air travel due to an extreme fear triggered exclusively by airplanes, but comfortably takes subways and buses without distress.Specific Phobia
- A 35-year-old has recurrent, unexpected episodes of intense autonomic arousal. She does not avoid public places but worries daily about having another episode.Panic Disorder
Cevap
The diagnoses are matched by identifying the underlying cognitive driver for each patient's distress: Agoraphobia involves fear of being trapped; Social Anxiety Disorder involves fear of scrutiny; OCD involves intrusive thoughts and compulsions; Specific Phobia involves an isolated situational trigger; and Panic Disorder involves unexpected attacks with anticipatory worry.
Each diagnosis in the DSM-5 anxiety and obsessive-compulsive spectrum is distinguished not merely by the presence of anxiety or avoidance, but by the specific cognitive etiology driving that behavior. Identifying whether avoidance stems from a fear of entrapment (Agoraphobia), fear of judgment (Social Anxiety), obsessions (OCD), or specific objects/situations (Specific Phobia) allows for precise diagnostic matching.
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Anahtar Kavram
Differentiating anxiety and related disorders based on the core cognitive driver and motivation for avoidance behavior.