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Zorluk: Çok zorLabor, Delivery, and Puerperium

A 22-year-old nulliparous woman presents to the labor unit at 38 weeks and 5 days of gestation complaining of intense, frequent contractions. Her prenatal care has been routine and uncomplicated. Vital signs are within normal limits, with a blood pressure of 118/74 mmHg and a heart rate of 88/min. She declines epidural analgesia. On digital cervical examination, she is 6 cm dilated and 100% effaced, and the fetal vertex is at 0 station. There is no evidence of vaginal bleeding.

Electronic fetal monitoring demonstrates a baseline heart rate of 145/min with minimal variability. The tocodynamometer records 7 to 8 uterine contractions per 10-minute window. Each contraction lasts approximately 80 seconds, though the uterus is soft to palpation between contractions. Symmetrical, gradual decreases in the fetal heart rate that reach their nadir after the peak of the contraction are seen repeatedly. In response, the clinical team implements left lateral maternal positioning, administers a rapid intravenous fluid bolus, and provides supplemental oxygen. Fifteen minutes later, the high contraction frequency and the abnormal fetal heart rate pattern persist.

Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

  1. Administer subcutaneous terbutalineCevap
  2. B
    Transfer the patient for a cesarean delivery
  3. C
    Initiate a transcervical amnioinfusion
  4. D
    Administer intravenous ephedrine
  5. E
    Perform artificial rupture of membranes

Cevap

The most appropriate next step is to administer subcutaneous terbutaline to treat the spontaneous uterine tachysystole.
The correct answer is administering subcutaneous terbutaline. This patient exhibits spontaneous uterine tachysystole (defined as >5 contractions in 10 minutes) causing uteroplacental insufficiency, which manifests as recurrent late decelerations and minimal variability. Unrelenting contractions prevent adequate refilling of the intervillous space, leading to fetal hypoxia. When initial intrauterine resuscitative measures (repositioning, intravenous fluids, and oxygen) fail to improve the fetal status, pharmacological reduction of uterine activity is indicated. A tocolytic agent, such as subcutaneous terbutaline (a beta-2 adrenergic agonist), rapidly relaxes the uterine smooth muscle. This restores adequate uteroplacental blood flow and often normalizes the fetal heart rate, potentially averting an emergency cesarean delivery.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the fetal heart rate (FHR) and uterine activity data.
The FHR shows minimal variability and recurrent late decelerations. The tocodynamometer shows 7 to 8 contractions in 10 minutes, which confirms uterine tachysystole.
Identifying the contraction pattern and FHR abnormalities is essential for categorizing the tracing (Category II) and determining the underlying cause, which in this case is uteroplacental insufficiency secondary to uterine hyperstimulation.
2
Evaluate the response to initial intrauterine resuscitation measures.
Left lateral positioning, intravenous fluids, and oxygen failed to resolve the abnormal FHR pattern.
Initial conservative measures aim to optimize maternal hemodynamics and oxygenation. Failure to improve indicates an immediate need for targeted medical intervention.
3
Determine the next pharmacological or surgical intervention.
Subcutaneous terbutaline is selected as the intervention.
Because the uteroplacental insufficiency is driven by spontaneous tachysystole, administering a beta-adrenergic agonist (tocolytic) relaxes the uterine musculature, restores intervillous blood flow, and often resolves the fetal compromise without requiring immediate surgery.

Anahtar Kavram

In patients with spontaneous uterine tachysystole and a Category II fetal heart rate tracing unresponsive to initial conservative measures, administration of a tocolytic (e.g., terbutaline) is the most appropriate next step to improve uteroplacental perfusion before proceeding to operative delivery.
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