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Zorluk: ZorObstetric Complications

A primigravid patient at 3737 weeks of gestation is currently in the labor and delivery unit. She was admitted 2424 hours ago for induction of labor due to preeclampsia with severe features. She is receiving continuous intravenous oxytocin, labetalol, and magnesium sulfate. Over the past 44 hours, her total urine output has been 45 mL45\text{ mL}. The nurse calls the physician because the patient has become increasingly somnolent and difficult to arouse. Current vital signs are temperature 37.1∘C37.1^\circ\text{C} (98.8∘F98.8^\circ\text{F}), blood pressure 135/85 mmHg135/85\text{ mmHg}, pulse 82/min82/\text{min}, and respiratory rate 8/min8/\text{min}. Oxygen saturation is 90%90\% on room air. Neurologic examination reveals absent deep tendon reflexes at the patella and biceps. The continuous fetal heart rate tracing demonstrates a baseline of 145/min145/\text{min}, minimal variability, and no decelerations. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial step in management?

  1. Discontinue the magnesium sulfate infusion and administer intravenous calcium gluconateCevap
  2. B
    Discontinue the magnesium sulfate infusion and administer intravenous naloxone
  3. C
    Transfer to the operating room for an emergent cesarean delivery
  4. D
    Administer a rapid intravenous bolus of isotonic crystalloid
  5. E
    Maintain current infusions and perform fetal scalp stimulation

Cevap

Discontinue the magnesium sulfate infusion and administer intravenous calcium gluconate
This patient has severe magnesium toxicity, characterized by absent deep tendon reflexes, somnolence, and severe respiratory depression (respiratory rate of 8/min8/\text{min}). Magnesium sulfate is exclusively excreted by the kidneys; therefore, her marked oliguria led to decreased clearance and toxic accumulation. The most appropriate initial step is to immediately discontinue the magnesium sulfate infusion and administer intravenous calcium gluconate, which antagonizes the effects of magnesium at the neuromuscular junction and reverses respiratory depression.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Evaluate the patient's neurologic and respiratory status.
The patient is somnolent with absent deep tendon reflexes, a respiratory rate of 8/min, and hypoxia.
To rapidly identify life-threatening central nervous system and respiratory depression.
2
Correlate the clinical presentation with current medications and risk factors.
The patient is receiving magnesium sulfate and has oliguria (45 mL over 4 hours).
Magnesium is excreted exclusively by the kidneys. Oliguria leads to rapid accumulation of magnesium, causing toxicity (areflexia followed by respiratory depression).
3
Determine the most appropriate initial intervention.
Stop the magnesium infusion and administer the antidote, calcium gluconate.
Calcium competitively antagonizes magnesium at the neuromuscular junction, reversing the life-threatening respiratory depression and stabilizing the myocardium.

Anahtar Kavram

Patients with preeclampsia receiving magnesium sulfate who develop oliguria are at high risk for magnesium toxicity, which presents sequentially as loss of deep tendon reflexes, somnolence, and respiratory depression. Management requires immediate cessation of the infusion and administration of intravenous calcium gluconate.
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