Match each clinical research study design with the most appropriate inferential statistical test used to analyze its primary outcome data.
- A study compares the median length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, which exhibits a highly right-skewed distribution, across three independent groups of patients infected with different respiratory viruses.Kruskal-Wallis test
- An investigator examines the association between a novel point-of-care diagnostic test result (Positive/Negative) and 30-day mortality (Yes/No) in a pilot study of 28 patients, where two cells in the resulting 2x2 contingency table have expected frequencies of less than 5.Fisher's exact test
- Researchers analyze a cohort of 5,000 adults to model the independent predictive value of age, baseline body mass index, and smoking status (measured simultaneously) on the continuous measurement of the arterial stiffness index after 10 years.Multiple linear regression
- A crossover study design assesses a new vasoactive medication versus placebo. Investigators compare the mean central venous pressure (a continuous, normally distributed variable) recorded for each individual patient while receiving the active drug versus while receiving the placebo.Paired Student t-test
Cevap
1 matches with Kruskal-Wallis test; 2 matches with Fisher's exact test; 3 matches with Multiple linear regression; 4 matches with Paired Student t-test.
Each study design was meticulously matched with a statistical test that accounts for the scale of measurement (continuous vs categorical), the data structure (paired vs independent groups), the number of predictor variables, and deviations from standard parametric assumptions (skewness and low expected cell frequencies).
Adım Adım Çözüm
Anahtar Kavram
Selection of inferential statistical tests based on data type (continuous vs. categorical), group dependency (paired vs. independent), and distribution (parametric vs. non-parametric).
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