Question

Difficulty: MediumInverse Trigonometric Functions

If θ=arcsin(35)\theta = \arcsin\left(-\frac{3}{5}\right), what is the exact decimal value of cos(2θ)\cos(2\theta)?

Answer: 0.28

Answer

The exact decimal value of cos(2θ)\cos(2\theta) is 0.280.28.
Given θ=arcsin(35)\theta = \arcsin\left(-\frac{3}{5}\right), the sine of θ\theta is sin(θ)=35\sin(\theta) = -\frac{3}{5}. Using the double-angle formula for cosine, cos(2θ)=12sin2(θ)\cos(2\theta) = 1 - 2\sin^2(\theta), we substitute sin(θ)\sin(\theta) to get cos(2θ)=12(35)2=11825=725=0.28\cos(2\theta) = 1 - 2\left(-\frac{3}{5}\right)^2 = 1 - \frac{18}{25} = \frac{7}{25} = 0.28.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the value of sin(θ)\sin(\theta) from the inverse trigonometric expression
sin(θ)=35\sin(\theta) = -\frac{3}{5}
By definition of the inverse sine function, if θ=arcsin(35)\theta = \arcsin\left(-\frac{3}{5}\right), then sin(θ)=35\sin(\theta) = -\frac{3}{5} where π2θπ2-\frac{\pi}{2} \le \theta \le \frac{\pi}{2}.
2
Select the double-angle identity for cosine that uses sine
cos(2θ)=12sin2(θ)\cos(2\theta) = 1 - 2\sin^2(\theta)
This form of the double-angle identity allows direct calculation without needing to calculate cos(θ)\cos(\theta) first.
3
Substitute sin(θ)\sin(\theta) and evaluate the expression
cos(2θ)=0.28\cos(2\theta) = 0.28
Substituting sin(θ)=35\sin(\theta) = -\frac{3}{5} gives 12(35)2=12(925)=11825=725=0.281 - 2\left(-\frac{3}{5}\right)^2 = 1 - 2\left(\frac{9}{25}\right) = 1 - \frac{18}{25} = \frac{7}{25} = 0.28.

Key Concept

Evaluating Trigonometric Functions of Inverse Trigonometric Expressions using Double-Angle Identities

Alternative Method

Alternatively, place θ\theta in Quadrant IV (since π2θ<0-\frac{\pi}{2} \le \theta < 0 for a negative inverse sine input). The adjacent side is 52(3)2=4\sqrt{5^2 - (-3)^2} = 4, so cos(θ)=45\cos(\theta) = \frac{4}{5}. Then apply the alternative double-angle identity cos(2θ)=cos2(θ)sin2(θ)=(45)2(35)2=1625925=725=0.28\cos(2\theta) = \cos^2(\theta) - \sin^2(\theta) = \left(\frac{4}{5}\right)^2 - \left(-\frac{3}{5}\right)^2 = \frac{16}{25} - \frac{9}{25} = \frac{7}{25} = 0.28.
Estimated Time:1m 15s
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