Question

Difficulty: MediumAnalogous Relationships

In colonial India, administrators faced an overwhelming population of venomous cobras in Delhi. To address this public safety hazard, the government instituted a policy offering cash bounties for every dead cobra brought to local authorities. Initially, the strategy seemed successful, as citizens actively hunted and killed cobras for the reward. However, enterprising individuals soon realized they could generate steady income by breeding cobras in captivity. When administrators discovered this practice, they immediately canceled the bounty program. Consequently, the breeders released their now-valuable cobras back into the wild, resulting in a cobra population that was significantly larger and more dangerous than it had been before the government intervention began.

The relationship between the administrators’ policy and the citizens’ actions described in the passage is most analogous to which of the following scenarios?

  1. A
    A city government taxes companies that produce high levels of pollution, which forces the companies to invest in green technology and ultimately reduces the city’s overall carbon emissions.
  2. B
    A conservation group pays landowners to plant native trees, but when the funding runs out, the owners stop planting new trees, leaving the forest canopy at its original pre-program size.
  3. A tech company pays its customer service agents a bonus for every system bug they resolve. To maximize their payouts, the agents begin writing faulty code that creates simple bugs for them to fix. When the company discovers this and ends the bonus program, the agents abandon their unresolved bug reports, leaving the system with more errors than it had originally.Answer
  4. D
    A zoo offers rewards to visitors who help capture escaped lizards, but visitors end up importing lookalike lizards from other regions to claim the reward, resulting in the zoo having to build more enclosures to house them.

Answer

The scenario where a tech company pays its agents for resolving bugs is correct because it shares the same underlying logical structure as the cobra bounty program. In both cases, an incentive designed to reduce an issue is exploited by actors who actively generate the problem to receive the reward. When the program is terminated, the situation worsens beyond its original baseline.
The scenario where a tech company pays its agents for resolving bugs is correct because it shares the same underlying logical structure as the cobra bounty program. In both cases, an incentive designed to reduce an issue is exploited by actors who actively generate the problem to receive the reward. When the program is terminated, the situation worsens beyond its original baseline.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the core relationship and structure of the events in the passage.
The passage describes an intervention (a cash bounty) designed to solve a problem (overpopulation of cobras) that backfires when individuals exploit the incentive (breeding cobras to collect bounties), ultimately leading to a worse outcome than before the program started (more cobras released into the wild).
To identify an analogous relationship, we must first abstract the structural dynamics of the passage, independent of its specific details.
2
Evaluate the choices to find a scenario that shares this identical logical structure.
The scenario where a tech company pays bonuses for resolving bugs, leading agents to create simple bugs to get bonuses, and ending with a system that has more errors than it started with when the program is canceled, matches this structure perfectly.
An analogous relationship must have the same cause, exploitation mechanism, cancellation, and worsened final state, even with different surface details.
3
Verify that the wrong choices fail to match the structural dynamics of the passage.
The other options either describe a successful policy outcome, a policy that simply returns to its baseline state, or are distractors using similar animal-related details without the correct logical flow.
Ensuring the distractors are incorrect confirms that only one option shares the true analogous structure.

Key Concept

Identifying analogous relationships involves mapping the abstract structure of a situation described in the passage onto a completely new context with different surface elements.
Estimated Time:1m 30s
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