Question

Difficulty: EasyWestward Migration, Frontier Conflicts, and Border Treaties

"We are exposed to the daily incursions of the Indians, who plunder our property and murder our families. Yet the federal Congress has neither the funds to raise a regular army nor the authority to command the states to send their militia to our defense. We are left entirely to our own meager resources."

— Adapted from a petition by settlers in the Northwest Territory, 1786

Which of the following weaknesses of the federal government under the Articles of Confederation is most directly illustrated by the petition?

  1. A
    The creation of a powerful federal executive that overreached into state affairs
  2. The inability of the central government to levy taxes and maintain a standing army to protect settlersAnswer
  3. C
    The lack of authority of the central government to negotiate land treaties with foreign powers
  4. D
    The refusal of Democratic-Republican politicians to support the interests of western agriculturalists

Answer

The inability of the central government to levy taxes and maintain a standing army to protect settlers.
The petition highlights the national government's lack of revenue and military authority under the Articles of Confederation, which prevented it from maintaining a standing army or defending frontier settlers. Under the Articles, Congress could only request funds and troops from states, leaving the western borders vulnerable to conflicts.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the petition's details
The author complains about the federal Congress lacking 'funds to raise a regular army' and 'authority to command the states to send their militia.'
This establishes the core problem as a lack of national tax revenue and centralized military control.
2
Connect the complaint to the political structure of the 1780s
During 1786, the United States was governed under the Articles of Confederation.
The Articles deliberately restricted the federal government's power to tax or raise a standing army due to fears of centralized tyranny.
3
Match the core problem to the correct option
The option stating the central government's inability to levy taxes and maintain a standing army directly corresponds to the weakness shown.
This represents the primary structural defect of the Articles that left western settlers undefended.

Key Concept

The weakness of the Articles of Confederation in raising taxes and maintaining national defense, which left western settlers vulnerable to frontier conflicts.
Estimated Time:45s
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