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By the early 2000s, cellular communication technology had spread rapidly across developing regions, such as Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. In many of these areas, mobile phones allowed communities to bypass the installation of expensive landline telephone infrastructure, connecting rural farmers directly to urban markets and enabling mobile banking services.

Which of the following processes in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries did the development described in the passage most directly contribute to?

  1. A
    The transition from coal-powered steam engines to oil-fueled assembly lines in factories.
  2. B
    The complete homogenization of local cultures and the erasure of traditional customs.
  3. The growth of integrated global economic networks and increased connectivity.Answer
  4. D
    The spread of environmentally friendly agricultural techniques to reverse global climate change.

Answer

The growth of integrated global economic networks and increased connectivity.
The correct answer is correct because cellular communication allowed developing regions to bypass legacy telecommunication systems and immediately access global networks. This facilitated local commerce, digital banking, and market integration, which are core features of the growing global connectivity and economic integration in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the stimulus to identify the core technology and its impact.
The stimulus discusses cellular communication (mobile phones) bypassing traditional infrastructure to connect rural farmers to urban markets and provide banking services.
Understanding the context of the passage is necessary to determine what global process it represents.
2
Relate the technology's impact to broader global historical developments in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.
Connecting remote regions to markets and enabling digital finance are key components of expanding global economic integration and connectivity.
This links the specific details of the passage to the general historical trends of Unit 9 (Globalization).
3
Evaluate the choices to find the one that matches this global trend while avoiding common misconceptions.
The option describing the growth of integrated global economic networks is correct, whereas other options either overstate cultural effects, confuse green agricultural movements, or refer to earlier industrial revolutions.
Selecting the correct choice requires distinguishing accurate historical analysis from incorrect distractors.

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