Security

442 questions

Question 321Question

An IT security technician is updating baseline security policies for workstations deployed across an enterprise network. Match each workstation hardening control on the left with the specific risk or attack vector it is primarily designed to mitigate on the right.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Restricting 'Allow log on locally' rights via Local Group Policy
Enforcing screensaver timeout with password protection
Disabling the built-in Guest account and renaming the default Administrator account
Disabling AutoPlay and AutoRun policies across all storage volumes

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Restricting local logon rights matches with preventing non-authorized user accounts from establishing interactive physical console sessions. Enforcing screensaver timeout with password protection matches with preventing unauthorized physical access to an active desktop session when left unattended. Disabling the built-in Guest account and renaming the Administrator account matches with mitigating automated dictionary attacks targeting standard accounts. Disabling AutoPlay and AutoRun policies matches with preventing automatic execution of untrusted payloads when removable media is inserted.
Each workstation hardening control addresses a specific vulnerability vector. Restricting local logon permissions prevents unauthorized accounts from initiating physical console sessions. Password-protected screen locks prevent physical exposure of unattended active sessions. Disabling or renaming built-in accounts thwarts automated credential guessing against default account identifiers. Disabling AutoPlay/AutoRun stops drive-by code execution from connected removable storage.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze local user rights policies for interactive logon control.
Determined that 'Allow log on locally' controls physical console logon capability.
Restricting this permission ensures that only authorized personnel can log into the local workstation console.
2
Evaluate inactivity screen locking mechanisms.
Identified that password-protected screen saver timeouts lock active sessions automatically.
When a technician or user steps away, the lock prevents passerby tampering and shoulder surfing.
3
Examine account obfuscation and disabling policies.
Identified that default accounts like Guest and Administrator are predictable targets.
Renaming or disabling default accounts blocks automated scripts relying on standard account names.
4
Assess removable media execution controls.
Determined that AutoPlay/AutoRun policies govern media file auto-execution.
Disabling these features stops rogue USB flash drives or external drives from launching malicious code automatically.

Key Concept

Workstation Hardening and Threat Mitigation Controls
Estimated Time:2m 0s
Question 322Question

A network administrator is deploying a new wireless network for corporate laptops at a financial services firm. Corporate policy requires that every employee authenticate individually using their corporate domain credentials and that the network use the highest available encryption standard without relying on a shared passphrase. Which TWO of the following configurations should the administrator implement?

Select all that apply

Show answer & explanation

Answer: WPA3-Enterprise security mode; 802.1X authentication backed by a RADIUS server

Answer

WPA3-Enterprise security mode and 802.1X authentication backed by a RADIUS server
Selecting WPA3-Enterprise security mode alongside 802.1X authentication backed by a RADIUS server fulfills all corporate requirements. WPA3-Enterprise provides modern enterprise-class encryption, while 802.1X with RADIUS passes authentication requests to centralized identity stores like Active Directory so each user logs in with unique individual credentials.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the user authentication requirement
Individual user authentication using network domain credentials requires an enterprise authentication framework (802.1X) integrated with an authentication server such as RADIUS.
Personal wireless modes rely on a single shared passphrase across all clients, failing the requirement for unique individual user logins.
2
Determine the required wireless security standard
The highest modern encryption standard that supports 802.1X enterprise authentication without pre-shared keys is WPA3-Enterprise.
WPA3-Enterprise utilizes robust encryption suites and enforces centralized 802.1X authentication.

Key Concept

WPA3-Enterprise and 802.1X/RADIUS authentication for corporate wireless networks
Question 323Question

An IT technician is auditing the wireless security of a small retail store's network. The store uses a SOHO wireless router configured with WPA2-Personal. During a security assessment, the technician discovers that an attacker parked outside could exploit a feature on the router to crack the network passphrase within a few hours by brute-forcing an eight-digit PIN, regardless of how long or complex the WPA2 passphrase is. Which of the following actions should the technician take to eliminate this vulnerability?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Disable Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) on the wireless router.

Answer

Disable Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) on the wireless router.
Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) contains a major protocol flaw that allows attackers to brute-force the router's 8-digit PIN in under 11,000 attempts. Once cracked, WPS reveals the underlying WPA2 pre-shared key regardless of passphrase complexity. Disabling WPS in the router settings completely removes this attack vector.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the described attack vector.
The vulnerability relies on brute-forcing an eight-digit PIN used to pair devices quickly.
Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) features a PIN-based authentication mechanism that validates the PIN in two separate halves, making it susceptible to rapid offline or online brute-force tools.
2
Determine the direct remediation action.
Disabling WPS shuts down the PIN service completely.
Turning off WPS stops the router from responding to PIN requests while retaining the existing WPA2-Personal passphrase protection for wireless clients.

Key Concept

Disabling Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) to mitigate PIN brute-force vulnerabilities
Estimated Time:1m 15s
Question 324Question

A network security administrator is standardizing wireless authentication and encryption technologies across a corporate enterprise network. Match each wireless security control or authentication protocol on the left with its primary operational requirement or technical characteristic on the right.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

WPA3-Enterprise
EAP-TLS
PEAP
Captive Portal

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

WPA3-Enterprise matches with enforcing 192-bit cryptographic suite capability and mandatory 802.1X RADIUS authentication. EAP-TLS matches with requiring digital certificates on both the authentication server and client device for mutual authentication. PEAP matches with creating an encrypted TLS tunnel using only a server-side certificate to protect user credentials. Captive Portal matches with intercepting web requests from unauthenticated clients and redirecting them to a web page for policy acceptance or authentication.
WPA3-Enterprise provides robust 192-bit security suite capabilities and relies on 802.1X RADIUS infrastructure. EAP-TLS enforces mutual authentication by requiring digital certificates on both the RADIUS server and client endpoint devices. PEAP simplifies client configuration by requiring only a server-side certificate to establish a secure TLS tunnel for credential validation. Captive Portals manage unauthenticated or guest network access by intercepting HTTP/HTTPS requests and redirecting users to an authentication or terms-of-service web landing page.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the security architecture requirements for enterprise wireless encryption standards.
WPA3-Enterprise implements 192-bit enterprise security mode capabilities using 802.1X and RADIUS integration.
Enterprise WPA3 builds upon 802.1X authentication standards to centralize access management across organization access points.
2
Analyze the certificate requirements for EAP-TLS vs PEAP authentication methods.
EAP-TLS requires both client and server digital certificates for mutual authentication, whereas PEAP only requires a server-side certificate to set up an encrypted tunnel for credential exchange.
Distinguishing PKI certificate placement is essential for configuring scale-appropriate 802.1X wireless access controls.
3
Evaluate web-based guest network isolation mechanisms.
Captive portals intercept web browser requests from unauthenticated devices and force agreement to terms or credential entry before permitting access.
Guest wireless networks frequently rely on web redirection captive portals rather than pre-shared keys or domain credentials.

Key Concept

Wireless Security Protocols and Enterprise Authentication Frameworks
Question 325Question

A systems administrator needs to ensure that whenever users in the local Administrators group attempt to perform tasks requiring elevated privileges on Windows 11 workstations, they are forced to re-enter their administrative credentials on the secure desktop rather than simply clicking a confirmation button. Which Local Security Policy setting should the administrator configure?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Set "User Account Control: Behavior of the elevation prompt for administrators in Admin Approval Mode" to "Prompt for credentials on the secure desktop"

Answer

Set "User Account Control: Behavior of the elevation prompt for administrators in Admin Approval Mode" to "Prompt for credentials on the secure desktop"
Configuring the Local Security Policy setting 'User Account Control: Behavior of the elevation prompt for administrators in Admin Approval Mode' to 'Prompt for credentials on the secure desktop' explicitly forces users belonging to the local Administrators group to enter their account credentials whenever an application requests elevated privileges. This ensures re-authentication and prevents unauthorized or automated elevated actions.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the target user group and desired elevation behavior.
The requirement targets administrative accounts (local Administrators group) and demands password re-entry (credentials prompt) instead of simple consent.
UAC distinguishes between administrative elevation prompts and standard user elevation prompts.
2
Locate the appropriate Local Security Policy setting under Security Options.
The relevant policy is "User Account Control: Behavior of the elevation prompt for administrators in Admin Approval Mode".
This policy controls whether administrators receive a consent prompt, a credential prompt, or no prompt upon elevation.
3
Select the option that forces credential re-authentication on the secure desktop.
"Prompt for credentials on the secure desktop" is selected.
This enforces identity verification by requiring administrators to re-enter credentials before granting elevated privilege access.

Key Concept

User Account Control Security Policy Elevation Prompt Configuration
Question 326Question

During a security incident investigation, an IT support technician discovers that several employees in the finance department had their credentials compromised. Log analysis reveals that none of the affected employees received fraudulent emails or suspicious direct phone calls. Instead, all compromised users had routinely visited a highly specialized, trusted third-party regulatory news website that attackers secretly compromised to inject malicious credential-harvesting code. Which of the following threat types BEST describes this attack?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Watering hole attack

Answer

Watering hole attack
The correct answer identifies a watering hole attack. In a watering hole attack, an attacker identifies and compromises a specific, trusted website frequented by employees of a targeted organization or group. When the targets visit the legitimate site, malicious scripts capture credentials or infect their systems.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the attack vector described in the scenario
Identify that the attack succeeded by compromising a legitimate, frequently visited third-party website rather than sending direct messages or emails.
Understanding the delivery mechanism distinguishes web-based passive compromise from active direct outreach.
2
Evaluate the target demographic of the attack
Note that the attack targeted a specific group of employees (the finance department) via a site relevant to their profession.
Watering hole attacks specifically target resources trusted and regularly accessed by a particular organization or department.
3
Select the threat classification matching site compromise for targeted group infection
Confirm that a watering hole attack accurately defines compromising a site frequented by a target group.
Watering hole strategy mirrors predators waiting at a natural water source where prey routinely gathers.

Key Concept

Watering Hole Attack Identification
Estimated Time:1m 0s
Question 327Question

A network technician is setting up a wireless network for guests in a company's main reception area. Corporate security policy specifies that guest users should not be issued individual Active Directory credentials or a shared pre-shared key, but must be presented with a web page to accept an Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) before receiving network access. Which of the following wireless security configurations best meets these requirements?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Captive portal

Answer

Captive portal
A captive portal intercepts client HTTP/HTTPS requests and redirects users to a web page where they must accept an Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) or complete basic web-based authentication before being permitted onto the external network. This satisfies the requirement to grant guest access without distributing pre-shared keys or Active Directory accounts.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the guest wireless access requirements.
Guests must be onboarded without domain credentials or shared passkeys, but must accept an Acceptable Use Policy (AUP).
Guest networks require simplified access while ensuring users agree to terms of service prior to network access.
2
Evaluate wireless authentication methods against requirements.
A captive portal redirects initial web traffic to an onboarding page presenting the AUP before granting internet access.
Captive portals fulfill web-based policy acceptance requirements without requiring account creation or pre-shared keys.

Key Concept

Captive Portal and Guest Authentication
Question 328Question

An IT security analyst is tasked with implementing a workstation hardening baseline for desktop computers deployed in a sensitive healthcare records office. The hardening policy must specifically address three vulnerability vectors: preventing unauthorized access when staff step away briefly, preventing automated malware installation from attached flash drives, and reducing the local account attack surface. Which of the following configuration sets should the administrator apply to satisfy all three requirements?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Enforce a screen lock timeout with password required on resume, disable AutoPlay and AutoRun features via Group Policy, and disable the built-in Guest account while disabling or renaming the default Administrator account.

Answer

Enforce a screen lock timeout with password required on resume, disable AutoPlay and AutoRun features via Group Policy, and disable the built-in Guest account while disabling or renaming the default Administrator account.
The correct option addresses all three security requirements specified in the scenario: enforcing screen lock with password authentication protects unattended sessions, disabling AutoPlay/AutoRun eliminates automated execution vectors from removable drives, and disabling Guest/securing default Administrator accounts hardens local user account baselines.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify requirement 1: Protecting unattended workstations when staff step away.
Enforcing a screen lock timeout that requires authentication on resume prevents unauthorized users from accessing an active session.
Screen locks enforce session security during temporary absences.
2
Identify requirement 2: Preventing automated malware execution from USB flash drives.
Disabling AutoPlay and AutoRun via Group Policy stops Windows from automatically running scripts or executables when external media is inserted.
AutoRun/AutoPlay disallowance eliminates an automated execution vector.
3
Identify requirement 3: Reducing local account attack surface.
Disabling the Guest account and securing (renaming or disabling) the default Administrator account mitigates account targeting and unauthorized local logon attempts.
Default accounts are well-known targets for brute-force attacks and privilege escalation.

Key Concept

Workstation Hardening Baselines and Attack Surface Reduction
Question 329Question

A helpdesk supervisor is creating a training module to help new IT support technicians identify various security threats reported by corporate employees. Match each security threat on the left with its corresponding real-world incident description on the right.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Keylogger
Drive-by Download
Pretexting
Rootkit

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Keylogger matches the description of capturing keystrokes covertly; Drive-by Download matches the automatic execution of malware upon visiting a compromised website; Pretexting matches fabricating a scenario to trick an employee into granting access; Rootkit matches deeply embedded malware hiding administrative access from security detection tools.
Each threat type is correctly matched to its distinct operation signature: Keyloggers record typed input, Drive-by Downloads exploit web sessions automatically without user prompts, Pretexting uses fabricated stories to manipulate staff, and Rootkits subvert system controls to mask administrative intrusion.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze Keylogger characteristics
Identified as hardware or software designed specifically to log typed characters.
Matches the description regarding covert capture of keystrokes to steal credentials.
2
Analyze Drive-by Download characteristics
Identified as silent installation of malicious code via web browsing without explicit user initiation.
Matches the description of downloading malware automatically upon visiting a compromised web page.
3
Analyze Pretexting characteristics
Identified as social engineering using a fabricated narrative or identity.
Matches the description of inventing a scenario over the phone to trick an employee.
4
Analyze Rootkit characteristics
Identified as low-level system malware that conceals its presence while retaining root control.
Matches the description of deeply embedded malware hiding privileged access from antimalware tools.

Key Concept

Identifying social engineering vectors and technical threat classifications by their mechanisms of operation and delivery.
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 330Question

A desktop support technician needs to prevent standard domain users on a standalone Windows 11 Pro computer from requesting administrator privileges when running system tasks. The organization policy requires automatically denying elevation requests for standard users. Place the administrative steps in the correct sequential order to enforce this policy using Local Security Policy.

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct operational order is: 1) Open the Run dialog and launch secpol.msc, 2) Navigate to Local Policies > Security Options, 3) Open the policy 'User Account Control: Behavior of the elevation prompt for standard users', and 4) Select 'Automatically deny elevation requests' and save.
To restrict standard users from attempting administrative elevation, the technician must open Local Security Policy via secpol.msc, expand Local Policies > Security Options, open 'User Account Control: Behavior of the elevation prompt for standard users', and change the setting to 'Automatically deny elevation requests'.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Launch the Local Security Policy console
The secpol.msc console interface opens.
Administrative security policies such as granular UAC prompt behaviors are managed in Local Security Policy.
2
Navigate the policy tree to Security Options
The Security Options folder displays security policy items in the right pane.
UAC behavior settings are categorized specifically under Local Policies > Security Options.
3
Select the policy for standard user elevation behavior
The properties dialog box for standard user prompt behavior opens.
This policy controls whether standard users receive a credential prompt or an automatic denial.
4
Configure the policy to Automatically deny elevation requests
The policy update takes effect on the local machine.
Choosing automatic denial enforces restriction without displaying credential prompts to unauthorized users.

Key Concept

Configuring UAC Standard User Elevation Prompt Behavior in Local Security Policy
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 331Question

A systems administrator is upgrading a corporate wireless network to enhance security for enterprise workstations connecting to internal domain resources. The administrator needs to ensure individual user authentication, centralized credential management, and protection against legacy wireless vulnerabilities. Which of the following security configurations should the administrator implement? (Select TWO.)

Select all that apply

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Deploy WPA3-Enterprise mode using 802.1X authentication backed by a RADIUS server; Disable TKIP support and mandate AES-based CCMP or GCMP encryption algorithms across all access points

Answer

The administrator should deploy WPA3-Enterprise using 802.1X authentication with a RADIUS server and disable legacy TKIP encryption in favor of AES-based CCMP/GCMP algorithms.
Deploying WPA3-Enterprise with 802.1X authentication connects wireless clients to a centralized RADIUS server, granting unique per-session encryption keys for every user. Additionally, disabling legacy TKIP and enforcing AES-based CCMP or GCMP ciphers ensures the wireless traffic is protected by modern, uncompromised encryption standards.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify authentication requirements
Individual user authentication and centralized access management require 802.1X RADIUS authentication rather than shared pre-shared keys.
Enterprise security policies demand unique per-user encryption keys and credential validation against directory services.
2
Evaluate encryption standards
Select AES-based algorithms (CCMP/GCMP) under WPA2/WPA3 and eliminate legacy protocols like TKIP and WEP.
TKIP has deprecated security flaws; modern wireless networks must enforce robust AES cipher suites.

Key Concept

Enterprise Wireless Security (802.1X/RADIUS) and Encryption Protocols
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 332Question

A helpdesk technician at an architectural firm is troubleshooting a Windows 11 workstation that displayed unauthorized pop-ups and erratic process activity. The technician verified the presence of rogue adware and immediately isolated the machine by disconnecting its network cable and turning off wireless connections. According to the CompTIA standard 7-step malware remediation process, which of the following actions should the technician perform NEXT?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Disable System Restore in Windows to prevent infected system files from being archived.

Answer

Disable System Restore in Windows to prevent infected system files from being archived.
According to the standard CompTIA 7-step malware remediation process, once malware symptoms are identified (Step 1) and the affected system is quarantined (Step 2), the technician must disable System Restore (Step 3). Disabling System Restore deletes existing restore points and prevents the operating system from creating backup copies of infected files during remediation.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the current state of the remediation workflow.
Step 1 (Identify malware symptoms) and Step 2 (Quarantine the infected system) have already been completed.
The technician identified rogue adware and disconnected all network interfaces to isolate the device.
2
Determine the next required step in the CompTIA 7-step malware remediation process.
Step 3 specifies disabling System Restore in Windows.
Disabling System Restore clears existing restore points and prevents Windows from automatically capturing infected files or registry keys while remediation is underway.

Key Concept

CompTIA 7-Step Malware Remediation Process Sequence
Estimated Time:1m 0s
Question 333Question

A helpdesk technician is remotely assisting a user on a Windows 11 Pro computer using a third-party screen sharing utility. When the technician attempts to perform an administrative task that triggers privilege elevation, the remote management software displays a black screen and prevents the technician from viewing or clicking the elevation dialog. Which of the following settings should be modified to resolve this issue while maintaining overall User Account Control functionality?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Disable the secure desktop feature for User Account Control prompts.

Answer

Disable the secure desktop feature for User Account Control prompts.
The option recommending disabling the secure desktop feature resolves the issue because UAC elevation prompts normally switch execution to an isolated desktop (Secure Desktop) running under the Local System account. Many third-party remote administration applications lack the privileges required to capture or send input to the Secure Desktop. Disabling the secure desktop option allows the prompt to appear on the standard user desktop where the remote tool can capture the window.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the cause of the black screen during remote administration.
By default, UAC prompts render on the Secure Desktop, an isolated virtual desktop mode running in System context that blocks non-SYSTEM remote capture software.
The Secure Desktop protects elevation prompts from malicious process injection and unauthorized remote screen capturing.
2
Determine the configuration setting to adjust UAC prompt rendering.
Disabling 'Switch to the secure desktop when prompting for elevation' (or configuring UAC to 'Do not dim my desktop') forces prompts onto the active user desktop.
This enables remote assistance tools to capture the dialog window while keeping UAC active for privilege requests.

Key Concept

User Account Control Secure Desktop Isolation
Question 334Question

A field service technician is setting up a new wireless access point for a regional logistics branch. Central corporate security policy mandates that all employee wireless connections must be authenticated individually using their corporate Active Directory user accounts, and all transmitted data must be protected using strong AES encryption. Which of the following wireless security standards should the technician configure on the access point?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: WPA3-Enterprise integrated with a RADIUS server

Answer

WPA3-Enterprise integrated with a RADIUS server
WPA3-Enterprise uses 802.1X network access control to forward user credentials to a central RADIUS server, enabling authentication against domain directories like Active Directory while enforcing AES-based wireless encryption.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify authentication requirement
Individual user authentication against Active Directory is required.
Enterprise security modes (802.1X) pass authentication requests to a central RADIUS server connected to Active Directory, whereas Personal modes use a single shared passphrase.
2
Identify encryption requirement
AES encryption is mandatory for wireless traffic.
WPA3-Enterprise enforces strong AES-based encryption algorithms (such as CCMP/GCMP) while prohibiting weak ciphers like TKIP or WEP.
3
Select matching configuration
WPA3-Enterprise integrated with a RADIUS server satisfies all technical and compliance constraints.
It combines 802.1X RADIUS authentication for individual credential validation with modern AES encryption standards.

Key Concept

Wireless Security and Authentication (Enterprise 802.1X/RADIUS vs Personal PSK)
Question 335Question

A network support technician at a municipal utility company is responding to a Windows 10 desktop infected with rogue adware and browser hijacking tools. Place the standard CompTIA malware remediation steps in the correct sequential order from first to last to properly resolve this incident.

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct sequence follows the CompTIA 7-step malware removal process: 1. Quarantine the infected desktop by disconnecting network cables and disabling wireless adapters; 2. Disable System Restore in Windows to clear existing restore points containing infected files; 3. Update anti-malware signatures and run a full system scan to remediate the infection; 4. Enable System Restore and create a new, clean system restore point; 5. Educate the end user on identifying suspicious web links and avoiding rogue browser add-ons.
The correct order follows CompTIA's established best practices for malware remediation: first isolate the system (Quarantine), then prevent reinfection via restore points (Disable System Restore), eliminate the threat (Remediate by updating definitions and scanning), restore recovery functionality (Enable System Restore and create a restore point), and finally prevent recurrences (Educate end user).

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Quarantine the infected system from the local network environment.
Network cables are unplugged and wireless connectivity is turned off.
Prevents the adware/hijacker from communicating with external servers or spreading laterally to other network devices.
2
Disable System Restore in Windows settings.
Existing Windows system restore points containing malicious files are permanently deleted.
Ensures that malware hidden in system restore snapshots cannot be restored after cleanup.
3
Remediate the system by updating anti-malware software definitions and executing a full scan.
The adware components, browser extensions, and unauthorized registry entries are identified and quarantined/removed.
Ensures the scanner has the latest threat signatures to locate and eradicate all components of the malware.
4
Re-enable System Restore and create a clean system restore point.
System protection is restored with a verified malware-free baseline.
Re-establishes recovery capability for the operating system after confirming the infection is completely cleared.
5
Provide security awareness education to the primary workstation user.
The user is trained on recognizing social engineering tactics, drive-by downloads, and malicious browser extensions.
Completes the remediation process by addressing the human vector to prevent future infections.

Key Concept

CompTIA 7-Step Malware Remediation Process
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 336Question

An IT administrator is preparing to reassign several high-performance NVMe solid-state drives (SSDs) from a server handling confidential financial data to an internal lab environment with lower security requirements. To comply with NIST SP 800-88 sanitization guidelines and ensure the drives remain operational for reuse, which method should the administrator employ?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Execute a Cryptographic Erase (CE) or built-in drive vendor sanitization command.

Answer

Execute a Cryptographic Erase (CE) or built-in drive vendor sanitization command.
Executing a Cryptographic Erase (CE) or using firmware-level sanitization commands (such as NVMe Format with Sanitize command) is the NIST-approved method for purging data on self-encrypting solid-state drives. It securely destroys the data encryption key (DEK) within seconds, rendering all stored blocks unreadable while preserving the drive's operational integrity for reuse.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the media type and goal.
The target media consists of solid-state drives (SSDs) that must be sanitized (purged) of sensitive data while remaining reusable.
Different storage technologies require specific sanitization mechanisms according to standards such as NIST SP 800-88.
2
Evaluate sanitization methods compatible with solid-state storage.
Flash-based storage requires firmware-level commands (such as Cryptographic Erase or NVMe Format / ATA Secure Erase) because software-level overwriting cannot address wear-leveled or reserved NAND blocks.
Degaussing is ineffective on flash memory, and multi-pass overwriting induces unnecessary hardware wear while leaving hidden wear-leveled blocks untouched.
3
Select the optimal method for secure purge and hardware reuse.
Cryptographic Erase instantly renders encrypted data inaccessible by destroying the media encryption key, preparing the drive safely for redeployment.
Cryptographic Erase meets regulatory purge requirements efficiently without degrading flash endurance.

Key Concept

SSD Data Sanitization and Cryptographic Erase
Question 337Question

A network security technician is standardizing wireless access controls across various corporate branch sites based on specific operational requirements. Match each wireless access scenario on the left with the appropriate security protocol or mechanism on the right.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Providing centralized user authentication against an Active Directory domain using 802.1X and a RADIUS server
Securing a small remote office network using a single shared password with AES encryption
Redirecting unauthenticated guest users to a web page requiring acceptance of an Acceptable Use Policy (AUP)
Implementing mutual authentication requiring digital certificates on both the client device and the authentication server

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Centralized 802.1X/RADIUS authentication matches WPA3-Enterprise; SOHO single shared password security matches WPA2-Personal; guest web-page redirection and AUP acceptance matches Captive Portal; mutual authentication using client and server certificates matches EAP-TLS.
Each wireless security control aligns directly with its operational scope: WPA3-Enterprise enables centralized RADIUS/802.1X authentication; WPA2-Personal relies on a PSK for smaller deployments; a Captive Portal forces guest web redirection for terms acceptance; and EAP-TLS delivers robust mutual authentication via client and server certificates.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify authentication mechanisms for corporate domain environments.
Centralized user-based authentication via 802.1X/RADIUS corresponds to WPA3-Enterprise.
Enterprise modes offload credentials handling to a AAA server (like RADIUS) instead of relying on a shared passphrase.
2
Identify security options for SOHO or small branch sites.
Using a Pre-Shared Key (PSK) with AES encryption corresponds to WPA2-Personal.
Personal mode utilizes a single passphrase shared among users, suitable for smaller sites without domain controllers.
3
Identify mechanisms for guest user access management.
Web redirection for terms acceptance corresponds to a Captive Portal.
Captive portals trap initial HTTP/HTTPS traffic from unauthenticated devices to present terms or collect guest login details.
4
Identify advanced certificate-based EAP methods.
Mutual certificate authentication corresponds to EAP-TLS.
EAP-TLS is one of the highest security EAP types because it requires client-side X.509 certificates in addition to server certificates.

Key Concept

Wireless Security Protocols and Authentication Frameworks
Question 338Question

A security technician is configuring Windows Security and User Account Control (UAC) settings on newly deployed Windows 11 Pro workstations. The organization security policy requires that standard users are immediately blocked from attempting administrative privilege elevation without seeing a prompt for credentials. Additionally, any administrative actions initiated by the built-in Administrator account must run in Admin Approval Mode to prevent unprompted background elevation. Which of the following security policies in Local Security Policy (secpol.msc) should be configured to meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Select all that apply

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Set 'User Account Control: Behavior of the elevation prompt for standard users' to 'Automatically deny elevation requests'; Enable 'User Account Control: Admin Approval Mode for the Built-in Administrator account'

Answer

The technician must set 'User Account Control: Behavior of the elevation prompt for standard users' to 'Automatically deny elevation requests' and enable 'User Account Control: Admin Approval Mode for the Built-in Administrator account' in Local Security Policy (secpol.msc).
To satisfy both security requirements, the technician must configure UAC security options under Local Security Policy (secpol.msc). Setting 'User Account Control: Behavior of the elevation prompt for standard users' to 'Automatically deny elevation requests' ensures standard users are denied privilege elevation immediately without presenting a credential prompt. Simultaneously, enabling 'User Account Control: Admin Approval Mode for the Built-in Administrator account' ensures that even the built-in Administrator account is subject to UAC prompts rather than executing tasks with unprompted background elevation.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Address the standard user privilege escalation requirement
Configuring 'User Account Control: Behavior of the elevation prompt for standard users' to 'Automatically deny elevation requests' prevents standard users from receiving administrative credential prompts.
This automatically blocks elevation attempts for standard accounts as required by the organizational security policy.
2
Address the built-in administrator account requirement
Enabling 'User Account Control: Admin Approval Mode for the Built-in Administrator account' applies Admin Approval Mode to the built-in Administrator.
By default, the built-in Administrator account runs all applications with full administrative privileges without UAC prompting unless Admin Approval Mode is explicitly enabled for it.

Key Concept

Configuring Local Security Policy (secpol.msc) UAC settings for standard user elevation denial and built-in administrator approval mode
Question 339Question

During a routine audit at a logistics warehouse, an IT technician discovers that several staff members have downloaded unapproved third-party game packages directly from web browsers onto their corporate-managed handheld scanning devices. The devices run a customized embedded Android operating system and connect to an isolated warehouse subnet. The systems administrator needs to prevent users from installing unauthorized application packages (sideloading) while ensuring IT can still push central software updates remotely. Which of the following configurations should the administrator enforce via the Mobile Device Management (MDM) console to resolve this security risk?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Enforce a restriction policy that blocks application installation from unknown sources across all managed devices.

Answer

Enforce a restriction policy that blocks application installation from unknown sources across all managed devices.
The correct answer is to enforce a restriction policy blocking application installation from unknown sources. On mobile and embedded Android platforms, downloading and executing application packages directly from web browsers is known as sideloading. Pushing an MDM policy that disables 'unknown sources' prevents end-users from installing unvetted third-party software, while preserving the administrator's ability to push approved enterprise applications.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the threat vector identified in the scenario.
The issue involves users manually downloading and executing unverified package files directly from web browsers onto embedded mobile OS devices.
Installing apps outside trusted enterprise channels (sideloading) introduces severe malware risks.
2
Evaluate MDM control policies designed for application security.
Disabling installation from unknown sources specifically targets sideloading without obstructing pushed updates from managed enterprise repositories.
Mobile Device Management solutions allow granular policy enforcement restricting user-driven package installation.
3
Confirm the administrative resolution.
Applying the unknown sources restriction policy effectively resolves the unauthorized application risk.
This directly remediates the root security vulnerability without impacting operational workflow updates.

Key Concept

MDM Application Control and Sideloading Prevention
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 340Question

A system administrator is preparing to deploy a newly imaged standalone Windows workstation into a high-security corporate network environment. To ensure defense-in-depth and prevent exposure to network-borne threats during setup, the administrator must execute the workstation hardening baseline in a logical, secure sequence. What is the correct order of steps the administrator should take to secure the workstation from initial setup to final network placement?

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct sequence for hardening the workstation is: First, change default administrative credentials and disable the local Guest account; second, connect to an isolated VLAN to install OS patches and security definitions; third, disable unneeded OS services, AutoPlay, and unused ports; fourth, configure local group policies for screen lock and lockout thresholds; fifth, enable the host-based firewall and connect to the production network.
The correct order follows established CompTIA security hardening guidelines: credentials and accounts are secured first to eliminate default access risks; OS updates and signatures are downloaded on an isolated VLAN next; unnecessary services, ports, and AutoPlay are disabled to minimize the attack surface third; local security policies (such as screen lock timeouts and account lockout controls) are enforced fourth; and host-based firewalls are activated immediately prior to joining the production network fifth.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Secure local identity and default access controls.
Default administrative credentials are changed, and the Guest account is verified disabled.
Initial access vector risks must be mitigated first so unauthorized users cannot log into the machine using vendor defaults.
2
Perform patch management on an isolated segment.
System OS patches and antimalware definitions are updated without exposing the unhardened system to production network threats.
An unpatched system exposed directly to the network can be compromised before security software is updated.
3
Perform attack surface reduction.
Unnecessary OS services, ports, and AutoPlay/AutoRun policies are disabled.
Disabling unneeded features reduces potential exploit vectors on the local system.
4
Enforce OS security policies.
Screen lock timeouts, account lockout controls, and password complexity rules are established.
Policy enforcement secures the operating system environment against local unauthorized physical access and brute-force attempts.
5
Activate network layer endpoint defenses and join production network.
Host-based firewall is enabled and system is moved to production network.
Activating host firewall controls before final network plug-in completes defense-in-depth isolation.

Key Concept

Workstation Hardening Sequence & Attack Surface Reduction
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