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Question

Difficulty: MediumSummary: Paraphrasing, Synthesis, and Conciseness

Read the passage below carefully:

Urban logistics operators in Ibadan have increasingly transitioned from conventional petrol-powered two-wheelers to electric delivery tricycles to mitigate soaring fuel expenses and maintenance overheads. Although the initial capital outlay for fleet electrification remains high, commercial couriers report a noticeable reduction in daily operational expenditure within six months of deployment. Furthermore, municipal authorities have incentivized this transition by granting zero-emission delivery vehicles priority access to restricted commercial zones during peak business hours. However, the widespread expansion of these fleet operations is currently constrained by erratic grid power supply, which hampers reliable battery charging, forcing operators to invest in costly off-grid solar charging hubs.

Which of the following best summarizes the main passage?

  1. Despite high upfront expenses and grid power unreliability requiring solar infrastructure, Ibadan couriers adopt electric tricycles because reduced running costs and municipal privileges justify the transition.Answer
  2. B
    Municipal authorities in Ibadan encourage zero-emission transport by granting electric delivery tricycles priority entry into restricted commercial zones during peak hours.
  3. C
    Electric delivery tricycles will soon completely replace petrol vehicles across all Nigerian cities because fuel costs have rendered traditional logistics obsolete.
  4. D
    Inadequate off-grid solar power hubs in Ibadan have forced logistics companies to abandon electric tricycles and return to petrol-powered two-wheelers.

Answer

The statement accurately summarizing the passage is that despite high upfront expenses and grid power unreliability requiring solar infrastructure, Ibadan couriers adopt electric tricycles because reduced running costs and municipal privileges justify the transition.
The correct answer accurately synthesizes the author's central thesis: logistics operators are adopting electric tricycles due to long-term financial savings and policy perks, despite initial costs and grid-charging challenges that necessitate solar investments.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the primary thesis and key supporting points in the passage.
The core thesis combines economic benefits (lower operational costs), municipal policy support (priority access), and the chief impediment (grid power supply issues solved by solar hubs).
A comprehensive summary must integrate all main components without overemphasizing minor examples.
2
Evaluate the options against summary criteria (conciseness, accuracy, completeness).
One option integrates cost benefits, policy incentives, and infrastructure challenges into a coherent synthesis without distortion or extrapolation.
Distractors either highlight single supporting details, make unsupported predictions, or misread stated facts.

Key Concept

Summary Paraphrasing and Synthesis
Estimated Time:1m 15s
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Topics

Summary: Paraphrasing, Synthesis, and Conciseness

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