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Question

Difficulty: HardSummary: Paraphrasing, Synthesis, and Conciseness

Read the passage below carefully:

While cassava processing in rural southwestern Nigeria has historically generated vast volumes of acidic wastewater and solid peel refuse that polluted local aquifers and farmland, recent community-managed anaerobic digestion systems convert these bio-wastes into clean biogas and organic fertilizer. By shifting from open dumping to resource recovery, local cooperatives not only mitigate severe environmental degradation but also lower energy costs for cassava processing machines, creating a self-sustaining circular economy that enhances rural income stability.

Which of the following best summarizes the central message of the passage above?

  1. Converting cassava processing waste into biogas and fertilizer eliminates environmental pollution while yielding economic and energy benefits for rural processors.Answer
  2. B
    Traditional cassava processing in southwestern Nigeria pollutes local aquifers and farmland through the uncontrolled discharge of acidic wastewater and peels.
  3. C
    Community-managed anaerobic digestion systems will soon eliminate fossil fuel dependence across Nigeria's entire commercial agricultural sector.
  4. D
    Acidic wastewater from cassava processing directly prevents rural farmers from acquiring modern processing machinery and expanding operations.

Answer

Converting cassava processing waste into biogas and fertilizer eliminates environmental pollution while yielding economic and energy benefits for rural processors.
The correct answer accurately synthesizes the author's complete argument by combining the environmental solution (converting bio-waste into biogas/fertilizer) with the resulting economic and operational advantages (lowering energy costs and enhancing rural income). It preserves the core thesis while eliminating extraneous details.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the main clauses and thesis components of the passage.
The text presents two core ideas: (1) solving environmental pollution from cassava waste, and (2) generating biogas/fertilizer to reduce processing costs and boost income stability.
A complete summary must synthesize the central problem-solution dynamic without focusing exclusively on preliminary details.
2
Evaluate candidate summary options for essential thesis elements while checking for omitted core ideas or added extrapolations.
The statement emphasizing waste-to-energy conversion alongside environmental and economic benefits accurately condenses the full passage.
Effective paraphrasing retains the essential argument while removing redundant examples and modifier clauses.
3
Eliminate options that misrepresent context, focus on minor supporting facts, or extrapolate beyond the text.
Options presenting only the pollution problem, predicting nationwide industrial impacts, or misinterpreting machine acquisition obstacles are discarded.
Distractors often utilize minor details, distorted causal connections, or overly broad generalizations.

Key Concept

Summary Paraphrasing, Synthesis, and Conciseness
Estimated Time:1m 30s
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Summary: Paraphrasing, Synthesis, and Conciseness

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