In dry agricultural zones, poor irrigation management can lead to land degradation through soil salinization. Arrange the following stages of soil salinization in the correct sequential order from initial human cause to final environmental consequence.
- 1Application of excessive irrigation water to agricultural fields with inadequate drainage.
- 2Elevation of the underground water table and accumulation of stagnant water near root zones.
- 3Upward movement of salt-laden water toward the surface through capillary action due to high surface evaporation.
- 4Formation of a dense saline crust on topsoil, rendering the land toxic for crop cultivation.
Answer
The correct sequence begins with the application of excessive irrigation water, followed by the elevation of the water table, then the upward capillary movement of salt-laden water during evaporation, and concludes with the formation of a toxic saline crust on the topsoil.
The sequence correctly reflects the physical stage progression of salinization: over-irrigation adds excess water, causing the water table to rise; high evaporation then draws salt-laden water upward via capillary action; finally, water evaporates leaving a toxic crust of salt on topsoil.
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept
Process of Soil Salinization