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Question

Difficulty: EasyEnvironmental Hazards and Degradation

Match each environmental hazard occurring in Nigeria to its primary driving cause or location.

  • Gully ErosionIntensive runoff on fragile sandstone soils in Southeastern Nigeria
  • Oil SpillagePetroleum extraction and pipeline leaks in the Niger Delta
  • DesertificationOvergrazing and loss of vegetation cover in Northern Nigeria
  • Coastal InundationHigh-energy marine wave action along low-lying shorelines like Lagos

Answer

Gully Erosion matches Intensive runoff on fragile sandstone soils in Southeastern Nigeria; Oil Spillage matches Petroleum extraction and pipeline leaks in the Niger Delta; Desertification matches Overgrazing and loss of vegetation cover in Northern Nigeria; Coastal Inundation matches High-energy marine wave action along low-lying shorelines like Lagos.
Each hazard is paired directly with its primary geographic zone and cause in Nigeria: Gully erosion with Southeastern sandstone soils, oil spills with Niger Delta petroleum operations, desertification with Northern overgrazing/drought, and coastal inundation with Atlantic ocean wave erosion along southern shorelines.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the geographical region and primary physical environment of Southeastern Nigeria.
Severe gully erosion is caused by concentrated surface runoff washing away friable sandstone soil.
Topography and soil characteristics dictate the hazard mechanism.
2
Associate petroleum industrial activity with regional pollution hazards.
Oil spillage is localized in the hydrocarbon-rich Niger Delta region.
Anthropogenic resource extraction leads to environmental degradation.
3
Examine the semi-arid ecological zones of Northern Nigeria.
Vegetation removal and overgrazing accelerate sand dune migration and desertification.
Climatic moisture deficit combined with deforestation causes desert expansion.
4
Match ocean-land boundary interactions along the Gulf of Guinea.
Coastal inundation occurs on low-lying Atlantic shorelines due to wave action and ocean surges.
Marine processes erode and submerge low-lying coastal coastal settlements.

Key Concept

Spatial distribution and causes of major environmental hazards in Nigeria
Estimated Time:45s
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Topics

Environmental Hazards and Degradation

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