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Difficulty: MediumOxidation Numbers and IUPAC Nomenclature of Redox Species

Match each chemical formula of the inorganic redox species on the left with its corresponding IUPAC name on the right.

  • HClO2HClO_2Dioxochloric(III) acid
  • H2S2O7H_2S_2O_7Heptaoxodisulfuric(VI) acid
  • NaNO2NaNO_2Sodium dioxonitrate(III)
  • KIO4KIO_4Potassium tetraoxoiodate(VII)

Answer

The correct pairings are: HClO2HClO_2 matches with Dioxochloric(III) acid; H2S2O7H_2S_2O_7 matches with Heptaoxodisulfuric(VI) acid; NaNO2NaNO_2 matches with Sodium dioxonitrate(III); and KIO4KIO_4 matches with Potassium tetraoxoiodate(VII).
Each chemical species is systematically named by calculating the oxidation state of its central non-metal atom and prefixing the number of oxygen atoms present (dioxo-, tetraoxo-, heptaoxo-). HClO2HClO_2 has chlorine in +3+3 state (Dioxochloric(III) acid), H2S2O7H_2S_2O_7 has sulfur in +6+6 state across two atoms (Heptaoxodisulfuric(VI) acid), NaNO2NaNO_2 has nitrogen in +3+3 state (Sodium dioxonitrate(III)), and KIO4KIO_4 has iodine in +7+7 state (Potassium tetraoxoiodate(VII)).

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine the oxidation state of chlorine in HClO2HClO_2.
Assign +1+1 to HH and −2-2 to OO: (+1)+Cl+2(−2)=0⇒Cl=+3(+1) + Cl + 2(-2) = 0 ⇒ Cl = +3. Combined with two oxo groups, the IUPAC name is Dioxochloric(III) acid.
Oxoacids are named by specifying the number of oxygen atoms with oxo prefixes followed by the central element and its Roman numeral oxidation state.
2
Calculate the oxidation state of sulfur in H2S2O7H_2S_2O_7.
Assign +1+1 to HH and −2-2 to OO: 2(+1)+2(S)+7(−2)=0⇒2S=+12⇒S=+62(+1) + 2(S) + 7(-2) = 0 ⇒ 2S = +12 ⇒ S = +6. With seven oxygen atoms and two sulfur atoms, the IUPAC name is Heptaoxodisulfuric(VI) acid.
The prefix 'heptaoxo-' accounts for seven oxygens and 'disulfuric' indicates two sulfur atoms.
3
Calculate the oxidation state of nitrogen in NaNO2NaNO_2.
Assign +1+1 to NaNa and −2-2 to OO: (+1)+N+2(−2)=0⇒N=+3(+1) + N + 2(-2) = 0 ⇒ N = +3. The anion is dioxonitrate(III), making the salt Sodium dioxonitrate(III).
Salts of oxoanions state the cation name first followed by the IUPAC name of the oxoanion.
4
Calculate the oxidation state of iodine in KIO4KIO_4.
Assign +1+1 to KK and −2-2 to OO: (+1)+I+4(−2)=0⇒I=+7(+1) + I + 4(-2) = 0 ⇒ I = +7. The anion is tetraoxoiodate(VII), making the salt Potassium tetraoxoiodate(VII).
Four oxygen atoms dictate the prefix 'tetraoxo-' and the iodine state +7+7 gives Roman numeral (VII).

Key Concept

IUPAC Nomenclature and Oxidation State Calculation of Oxoacids and Oxosalts
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Topics

Oxidation Numbers and IUPAC Nomenclature of Redox Species

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