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Difficulty: Very hardOxidation Numbers and IUPAC Nomenclature of Redox Species

Match each chemical species containing a central transition metal or halogen atom with its corresponding systematic IUPAC name and central element oxidation number.

  • K3[Fe(CN)6]\text{K}_3[\text{Fe}(\text{CN})_6]Potassium hexacyanoferrate(III), +3
  • K2Cr2O7\text{K}_2\text{Cr}_2\text{O}_7Potassium heptaoxodichromate(VI), +6
  • NaIO4\text{NaIO}_4Sodium tetraoxoiodate(VII), +7
  • [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2[\text{Co}(\text{NH}_3)_5\text{Cl}]\text{Cl}_2Pentaamminechlorocobalt(III) chloride, +3

Answer

K3[Fe(CN)6]\text{K}_3[\text{Fe}(\text{CN})_6] matches Potassium hexacyanoferrate(III), +3; K2Cr2O7\text{K}_2\text{Cr}_2\text{O}_7 matches Potassium heptaoxodichromate(VI), +6; NaIO4\text{NaIO}_4 matches Sodium tetraoxoiodate(VII), +7; [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2[\text{Co}(\text{NH}_3)_5\text{Cl}]\text{Cl}_2 matches Pentaamminechlorocobalt(III) chloride, +3.
Each complex chemical formula correctly pairs with its systematic IUPAC designation based on assigning oxidation numbers to central atoms according to standard IUPAC rules.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine the oxidation state of Fe in K3[Fe(CN)6]\text{K}_3[\text{Fe}(\text{CN})_6] and match its IUPAC name
Fe oxidation state is +3; IUPAC name is Potassium hexacyanoferrate(III)
Potassium is +1, cyanide ion CN−\text{CN}^- is -1. Solving 3(1)+x+6(−1)=03(1) + x + 6(-1) = 0 gives x=+3x = +3.
2
Determine the oxidation state of Cr in K2Cr2O7\text{K}_2\text{Cr}_2\text{O}_7 and match its IUPAC name
Cr oxidation state is +6; IUPAC name is Potassium heptaoxodichromate(VI)
Potassium is +1, oxygen is -2. Solving 2(1)+2x+7(−2)=02(1) + 2x + 7(-2) = 0 gives 2x=122x = 12, so x=+6x = +6.
3
Determine the oxidation state of I in NaIO4\text{NaIO}_4 and match its IUPAC name
I oxidation state is +7; IUPAC name is Sodium tetraoxoiodate(VII)
Sodium is +1, oxygen is -2. Solving 1(1)+x+4(−2)=01(1) + x + 4(-2) = 0 gives x=+7x = +7.
4
Determine the oxidation state of Co in [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2[\text{Co}(\text{NH}_3)_5\text{Cl}]\text{Cl}_2 and match its IUPAC name
Co oxidation state is +3; IUPAC name is Pentaamminechlorocobalt(III) chloride
Ammonia NH3\text{NH}_3 is a neutral molecule (0 charge), while chloride Cl−\text{Cl}^- has -1 charge. Solving x+5(0)+3(−1)=0x + 5(0) + 3(-1) = 0 gives x=+3x = +3.

Key Concept

Calculation of oxidation numbers in complex salts, coordination complexes, and polyatomic oxo-compounds, and applying systematic IUPAC nomenclature rules.
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Topics

Oxidation Numbers and IUPAC Nomenclature of Redox Species

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