Question

Difficulty: EasyInferential Comprehension and Deduction

Read the passage below carefully:

In the steep terraced hillsides of Konso in southern Ethiopia, community-managed stone walls have long prevented severe soil erosion during seasonal rainstorms. Recently, however, increasingly erratic climate patterns have delivered rainstorms of unprecedented intensity, frequently overwhelming the traditional dry-stone drainage channels. Rather than abandoning their ancestral slopes, local agricultural collectives initiated a project to plant deep-rooting vetiver grass along the base of the stone structures. The deep, dense root networks of vetiver grass penetrate the subsoil beneath the masonry, creating a reinforced biological barrier against hillside slumping. Additionally, the harvested grass foliage serves as nutritious fodder for cattle during prolonged dry spells when natural pastureland is severely depleted. By combining traditional masonry engineering with strategic vegetative reinforcement, the Konso farmers have managed to protect their fragile topsoil while simultaneously establishing a dependable emergency feed source for their livestock, ensuring farm survival through severe climate fluctuations.

Based on the passage above, what can be logically inferred regarding the traditional stone walls prior to the integration of vetiver grass?

  1. They were effective against ordinary historical rainfall but inadequate for handling extreme weather events.Answer
  2. B
    They were constructed primarily to function as livestock feeding stations rather than soil conservation structures.
  3. C
    They were completely ineffective even during normal rainstorms due to flawed traditional building techniques.
  4. D
    They relied on imported synthetic materials that degraded the quality of the surrounding subsoil.

Answer

The traditional stone walls were effective against ordinary historical rainfall but inadequate for handling extreme weather events.
The correct answer is deduced by contrasting two facts in the text: the stone walls successfully protected the slopes over a long period during standard seasonal rains, but failed when climate change brought rainstorms of unprecedented intensity. This directly implies that the structures were suitable for normal weather conditions of the past, but required reinforcement for modern extreme weather.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the relevant details in the passage regarding traditional stone walls.
The text states that the walls 'have long prevented severe soil erosion during seasonal rainstorms' but were overwhelmed by recent storms of 'unprecedented intensity'.
Establishing what the text explicitly says about past performance versus current challenges provides the foundation for deduction.
2
Synthesize the contrast between historical efficacy and recent climate pressure.
Since the walls protected the soil for a long time during regular seasonal rains, they were historically functional, but unprecedented storm intensity exceeded their structural threshold.
Inferential comprehension requires drawing logical conclusions from the relationship between stated facts.

Key Concept

Inferential Deduction from Comparative Textual Evidence
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