Question

Difficulty: MediumEnvironmental Degradation, Issues, and Resource Management

Advancing desertification in Northern Nigeria significantly reduces the availability of fertile agricultural land, leading to a structural decline in crop production. Which of the following best describes the economic impact of this environmental degradation on the food market?

  1. A leftward shift of the supply curve, leading to higher equilibrium prices and reduced quantity traded.Answer
  2. B
    A movement down along the existing supply curve, resulting in lower market prices.
  3. C
    An increase in consumer surplus resulting from the contraction of agricultural market output.
  4. D
    A rightward shift of the demand curve caused directly by the drop in farm output.

Answer

A leftward shift of the supply curve, leading to higher equilibrium prices and reduced quantity traded.
Environmental degradation like desertification degrades arable land quality and availability in Northern Nigeria. In microeconomics, a reduction in productive capacity acts as a negative supply shock, shifting the entire supply curve to the left. As a result, the market reaches a new equilibrium characterized by higher food prices and lower output.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the economic nature of the environmental event.
Desertification decreases arable land, which is a key factor of production (land/natural resources).
Loss of productive resources acts as a negative supply shock in agriculture.
2
Determine the impact on the supply curve.
The total supply of agricultural crops decreases at every price level, shifting the market supply curve to the left.
Non-price supply determinants, such as resource availability and environmental factors, cause a curve shift.
3
Analyze the new market equilibrium.
A leftward shift in supply along a downward-sloping demand curve leads to a higher market equilibrium price and a lower equilibrium quantity.
Scarcity increases market clearing price while reducing total food availability.

Key Concept

Impact of Environmental Degradation on Market Supply and Resource Allocation
Estimated Time:1m 0s
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