Question

Difficulty: MediumIndustrial Sector: Manufacturing, Import Substitution, and Export Promotion

Post-independence industrialization policies in Nigeria heavily favored the Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) strategy to reduce dependence on foreign consumer goods. Which of the following represents a key structural weakness associated with this strategy?

  1. Continued reliance on imported capital equipment and intermediate inputs, creating severe foreign exchange shortagesAnswer
  2. B
    Rapid expansion of non-oil exports to competitive global markets due to domestic efficiency gains
  3. C
    The complete removal of protective tariffs and quotas to expose domestic infant industries to foreign competition
  4. D
    A shift in government policy toward floating exchange rates to subsidize foreign buyers of domestic manufactures

Answer

Continued reliance on imported capital equipment and intermediate inputs, creating severe foreign exchange shortages
The Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) strategy in Nigeria focused primarily on replacing imported consumer goods with locally assembled goods. However, because local heavy industry was absent, factories remained heavily reliant on foreign capital goods, raw materials, and machinery, creating persistent foreign exchange distress.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the core mechanism of Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI).
ISI seeks to replace imported final consumer goods with domestically manufactured alternatives.
Understanding the strategy's target scope clarifies its input requirements.
2
Evaluate the structural impact on developing economies like Nigeria.
Because domestic capital goods and heavy machinery industries are underdeveloped, local factories must import raw machinery and intermediate components.
This structural imbalance generates high demand for foreign exchange, contradicting the goal of self-reliance.

Key Concept

Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) vs. Export Promotion Strategy (EPS)
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