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Difficulty: Very hardOliver Cromwell and the Commonwealth Republic

Following the execution of King Charles I in 1649, England was governed as a republic for eleven years. In 1653, the constitutional arrangement was formalized when Oliver Cromwell accepted a specific title of leadership. Which of the following correctly identifies this title and the historical event that brought the republican era to a close in 1660?

  1. Lord Protector; the Restoration of the monarchy under King Charles IIAnswer
  2. B
    King of the Commonwealth; the victory of the Royalist forces at the Battle of Waterloo
  3. C
    Lord Protector; the signing of the Magna Carta by the Rump Parliament
  4. D
    Commander-in-Chief; the successful invasion by William the Conqueror from Normandy

Answer

Oliver Cromwell was given the title of Lord Protector in 1653, and the republic ended with the Restoration of the monarchy under King Charles II in 1660.
The correct answer identifies that Oliver Cromwell was titled 'Lord Protector' from 1653 and that the Republic (the Commonwealth) came to an end in 1660 with the Restoration, when King Charles II was invited back to the throne.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the period of the Republic.
The Republic (Commonwealth) lasted from 1649 to 1660.
Establishing the timeline is necessary to filter out events from other historical eras.
2
Determine the title granted to Oliver Cromwell in 1653.
Cromwell was named 'Lord Protector'.
This specific title distinguished his role as the head of the Protectorate from a traditional monarch.
3
Identify the event that occurred in 1660 to end the Republic.
The Restoration of the monarchy under Charles II.
The republic proved unstable after Cromwell's death, leading Parliament to invite the exiled King Charles II to return.

Key Concept

The Commonwealth and the Protectorate
Estimated Time:1m 30s
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Topics

Oliver Cromwell and the Commonwealth Republic

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