Read the following passage.
In the field of translation studies, theoretical approaches have diverged significantly regarding the primary duty of the translator. Proponents of 'dynamic equivalence,' a paradigm championed in the mid-twentieth century, argue that a successful translation must evoke the same psychological response in the target audience as the original text did in its native readers, even if this requires substantial structural and lexical alteration. Conversely, advocates of 'foreignizing' translation, drawing on earlier romanticist philosophies, contend that the translator should deliberately disrupt target-language conventions to preserve the alien textures of the source text, thereby forcing the reader to accommodate the author's world. More recently, adherents of 'Skopos theory' have shifted the focus entirely away from linguistic fidelity, positing instead that the specific practical purpose (or 'skopos') for which the translated text was commissioned must dictate the translation strategy, rendering the source text merely a foundational 'offer of information.'
Based on the passage, match each theoretical group to the specific scenario that most accurately reflects their underlying perspective on translation.
- Proponents of 'dynamic equivalence'A translator modifies a cultural joke so that the new audience will laugh exactly as the original audience did.
- Advocates of 'foreignizing' translationA translator retains unusual syntactic structures from the original language to highlight the cultural distance of the text.
- Adherents of 'Skopos theory'A translator heavily condenses a verbose legal document because the client only needs a brief summary of the core clauses.