Must Be True Questions

According to the municipal zoning code, any city planner who approves the designation of a High-Density Residential Zone (HDRZ) in a given neighborhood must first complete a Comprehensive Traffic Impact Study (CTIS) for that neighborhood. Completing a CTIS requires that the planner consult with both the Regional Transit Authority and the neighborhood's local association. However, formal consultation with a neighborhood's local association is impossible if that neighborhood lacks a legally registered civic charter. Currently, none of the neighborhoods located within the historic Westside district possess a legally registered civic charter.

If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true?

Botanists studying a temperate rainforest have established that any fungal species producing the enzyme lignase can successfully break down mature hardwood. Furthermore, most fungal species inhabiting the rainforest's upper canopy produce lignase, though no upper-canopy fungal species can survive prolonged freezing temperatures. Interestingly, every fungal species capable of breaking down mature hardwood requires a highly humid microclimate to reproduce, unless that species is capable of surviving prolonged freezing temperatures.

Which of the following statements can be properly inferred from the information provided above?

According to city records, every commercial project approved by the Planning Board this year required an environmental impact study. Furthermore, any project that requires an environmental impact study is subject to a 60-day public review period. Records also indicate that most of the commercial projects approved by the Planning Board this year received a municipal development grant. However, under city charter, no project that receives a municipal development grant is exempt from the city's prevailing wage ordinance.

Based on the information provided, which of the following statements must be true? Select all that apply.

Under the revised maritime regulations, all commercial freight vessels operating within the Obsidian Strait are required to feature double-layered hulls. Furthermore, any vessel featuring a double-layered hull incurs a maintenance cost that is significantly higher than that of a standard single-hulled ship. According to recent shipping logs, most of the vessels currently operating within the Obsidian Strait are commercial freight vessels.

If all of the statements above are true, which one of the following can be logically inferred?

Under the new environmental directives, any regional municipality that enacts a comprehensive water conservation protocol must either increase its baseline utility rates or secure a federal sustainability grant. A municipality is eligible to secure a federal sustainability grant only if it demonstrates a verifiable reduction in agricultural runoff. However, municipalities situated in the historically drought-prone Arid Basin region are strictly prohibited by state mandate from increasing their baseline utility rates. The municipality of Oakhaven, which is situated in the Arid Basin region, has recently enacted a comprehensive water conservation protocol.

Which of the following must be true on the basis of the statements above?

Under the revised corporate governance code, a board of directors can legally dismiss a chief executive officer only if the board achieves a supermajority vote. Furthermore, a supermajority vote is possible only when at least one independent director concurs with the board's executive directors. According to a recent audit, most companies in the Capstone Investment portfolio have boards consisting entirely of executive directors. However, any company in the Capstone Investment portfolio that has restated its quarterly earnings this year has legally dismissed its chief executive officer.

Which of the following logically follows from the information above?

A corporation cannot be listed on the Apex Exchange unless it has undergone a comprehensive environmental audit. Only corporations that employ a dedicated sustainability officer can undergo a comprehensive environmental audit. No corporation that primarily manufactures synthetic plastics employs a dedicated sustainability officer. Furthermore, any corporation that qualifies for a municipal tax abatement either primarily manufactures synthetic plastics or fails to generate over ten million dollars in annual revenue.

Based on the information provided, any corporation listed on the Apex Exchange that qualifies for a municipal tax abatement fails to generate over ten million dollars in annual revenue.

According to the regional agricultural board, any farmer in the valley who cultivates heirloom tomatoes must implement comprehensive pest-management protocols. Any farmer who implements comprehensive pest-management protocols is automatically disqualified from receiving the basic organic certification. Furthermore, recent records show that at least some farmers who received the newly established sustainability grant also qualified for the basic organic certification.

If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true?

Any infrastructure project that utilizes synthetic materials must pass a secondary safety inspection. Furthermore, no project that passes a secondary safety inspection is completed within its original budget. Every project managed by the transit authority utilizes synthetic materials, and some projects managed by the transit authority are funded by state bonds. Finally, only projects that incorporate sustainable design are funded by state bonds.

If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true?

Under recently enacted financial statutory guidelines, every institution acting as a primary market maker is subject to strict liquidity stress tests. Any institution subject to strict liquidity stress tests is required to hold a minimum reserve of sovereign treasury bonds. Furthermore, no institution that is required to hold a minimum reserve of sovereign treasury bonds is permitted to engage in unregulated proprietary trading. Most institutions that act as primary market makers are currently categorized by regulators as systemically important. However, it is a matter of public record that some institutions categorized as systemically important do engage in unregulated proprietary trading.

Based on the information provided above, which of the following must be true?

According to the city's updated zoning laws, every new building constructed in the downtown district must include a green roof. Furthermore, any building that includes a green roof is automatically eligible for a municipal tax discount. The Apex Tower is a new building that was recently constructed in the downtown district.

Based on the information above, which of the following statements must be true? Select all that apply.

Under the new municipal zoning code, any neighborhood designated as a Transit-Oriented District must allow for high-density residential development. Furthermore, a neighborhood cannot be designated as a Transit-Oriented District unless it currently contains at least one active light-rail station. The code also specifies that any neighborhood allowing for high-density residential development is required to allocate at least 15 percent of its new housing units for low-income residents. The Historic Southside neighborhood recently had its only active light-rail station permanently decommissioned.

Which of the following must be true on the basis of the statements above?

All amphibians that inhabit the alpine tundra rely on the nectar of the *Saxifraga* plant during their larval stage. Most species that rely on *Saxifraga* nectar during their larval stage are capable of surviving sub-zero temperatures. Furthermore, any species capable of surviving sub-zero temperatures possesses elevated levels of blood glucose.

Based on the information provided, which of the following must be true? (Select all that apply)

According to the planetary geology archives:

- Every meteorite classified as a Type C chondrite contains elevated levels of iridium.
- Any meteorite containing elevated levels of iridium is designated as a Class-1 research priority by the Astromaterials Board.
- No meteorite recovered from the Antarctic glacial surface is designated as a Class-1 research priority unless it is a newly discovered fragment that has not been previously cataloged.
- Some meteorites classified as Type C chondrites were recovered from the Antarctic glacial surface, and most of these are exceptionally well-preserved.

Based on the information provided, which of the following statements must be true? (Select all that apply.)

According to the recent interstellar survey of the Orionis sector:

All rogue planets detected in the outer ring possess a dense atmosphere of frozen methane. Any planet with a dense atmosphere of frozen methane reflects less than 5% of incident starlight. Most rogue planets detected in the outer ring have a core temperature below -200 degrees Celsius. Furthermore, no planet that reflects less than 5% of incident starlight is currently targeted for deep-core drilling.

Based strictly on the information above, which of the following statements must be true? (Select all valid deductions)

Biologists studying deep-sea ecosystems have found that all species of tube worm native to the Abyssal Ridge rely exclusively on chemosynthetic bacteria for energy. Furthermore, any organism that relies exclusively on chemosynthetic bacteria for energy lacks a functional digestive tract. Recently, researchers have also documented that some species of tube worm native to the Abyssal Ridge form symbiotic relationships with bioluminescent fungi.

Which of the following must be true based on the statements above?

An analysis of international sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) reveals that any SWF prioritizing renewable energy investments divests entirely from fossil fuel derivatives. Furthermore, every SWF that divests entirely from fossil fuel derivatives reports a lower short-term yield than the market average. Currently, most SWFs managed by independent trustee boards prioritize renewable energy investments. Interestingly, some SWFs that report a lower short-term yield than the market average nonetheless maintain an AAA institutional credit rating. No SWF that maintains an AAA institutional credit rating is subject to mandatory quarterly parliamentary audits.

Which one of the following conclusions can be properly drawn from the information above?

According to the revised aviation safety guidelines, any commercial aircraft operating in polar regions must be equipped with dual-band thermal radar. Furthermore, any aircraft equipped with dual-band thermal radar undergoes rigorous cryogenic calibration every six months. Skyways Airlines recently announced that its entire fleet of cargo planes undergoes rigorous cryogenic calibration every six months.

Statement: Based on the information provided, it must be true that Skyways Airlines operates its cargo planes in polar regions.

All atmospheric circulation models that accurately predict jet stream anomalies incorporate data on sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs). Furthermore, any circulation model that incorporates data on SSWs must account for mesospheric wind shear, unless it relies strictly on historical tropospheric temperature gradients. Interestingly, while most atmospheric circulation models developed by the Coriolis Institute incorporate data on SSWs, none of the models developed by the Coriolis Institute account for mesospheric wind shear.

Based on the statements above, which one of the following must also be true?

If a frog species inhabits the upper canopy of the rainforest, it must have specialized toe pads. Any frog species that has specialized toe pads is capable of adhering to wet leaves. The blue-legged tree frog is a frog species that inhabits the upper canopy of the rainforest.

Which of the following must be true on the basis of the statements above?