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Question 21Question →

A healthcare provider prescribes amoxicillin oral suspension for a toddler weighing 14 kg14\text{ kg} to treat acute otitis media. The prescription is for 30 mg/kg/day30\text{ mg/kg/day} divided into two equal doses administered every 12 hours. The medication label indicates a concentration of 250 mg/5 mL250\text{ mg}/5\text{ mL}. How many mL will the practical nurse administer for one dose? Record your answer to the nearest tenth. Do not include units in your answer.

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Answer: 4.2

Answer

4.2
To find the correct volume for one dose, first calculate the total daily requirement: 14 kg×30 mg/kg/day=420 mg/day14\text{ kg} \times 30\text{ mg/kg/day} = 420\text{ mg/day}. Next, divide this by 22 for the every-12-hour dosing schedule: 420 mg/day÷2=210 mg/dose420\text{ mg/day} \div 2 = 210\text{ mg/dose}. Finally, determine the liquid volume using the supplied concentration: 210 mg250 mg×5 mL=4.2 mL\frac{210\text{ mg}}{250\text{ mg}} \times 5\text{ mL} = 4.2\text{ mL}.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine the total daily dose of the medication.
420 mg/day420\text{ mg/day}
The prescription is weight-based at 30 mg/kg/day30\text{ mg/kg/day}. Multiplying the weight (14 kg14\text{ kg}) by the dose per kg (30 mg30\text{ mg}) gives the total daily requirement.
2
Calculate the amount of medication needed for a single dose.
210 mg/dose210\text{ mg/dose}
The daily dose is divided into two equal doses administered every 12 hours. Dividing the daily total (420 mg420\text{ mg}) by 22 gives the single dose amount.
3
Calculate the volume of liquid required for the single dose.
4.2 mL4.2\text{ mL}
Using the dosage formula Desired DoseAvailable Dose×Volume=210 mg250 mg×5 mL=4.2 mL\frac{\text{Desired Dose}}{\text{Available Dose}} \times \text{Volume} = \frac{210\text{ mg}}{250\text{ mg}} \times 5\text{ mL} = 4.2\text{ mL}.

Key Concept

Weight-based pediatric dosage calculation and liquid medication administration.
Question 22Question →

A practical nurse is assigned to care for an adult client who is receiving intravenous fluid therapy for fluid volume deficit following an episode of gastroenteritis. The client has a heart rate of 108108 bpm and a blood pressure of 98/6098/60 mmHg. The healthcare provider has prescribed 500500 mL of 0.9%0.9\% sodium chloride to infuse over 66 hours. The primary intravenous tubing has a drop factor of 2020 gtt/mL. At how many drops per minute (gtt/min) should the infusion be regulated? Record the answer to the nearest whole number. Do not include units in the answer.

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Answer: 28

Answer

28
The correct drip rate is calculated by multiplying the total volume to be infused (500500 mL) by the administration set's drop factor (2020 gtt/mL) to determine the total number of drops. This total (10,00010,000 drops) is then divided by the total time in minutes (360360 minutes). The resulting quotient of 27.777...27.777... is rounded to the nearest whole number, yielding a final regulatory rate of 2828 drops per minute.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Convert the total infusion time from hours to minutes.
6 hours×60 minutes/hour=360 minutes6 \text{ hours} \times 60 \text{ minutes/hour} = 360 \text{ minutes}
The standard intravenous drip rate formula requires the time variable to be expressed in minutes.
2
Apply the standard intravenous drip rate formula.
500 mL×20 gtt/mL360 minutes=27.777... gtt/min\frac{500 \text{ mL} \times 20 \text{ gtt/mL}}{360 \text{ minutes}} = 27.777... \text{ gtt/min}
This formula determines the number of drops infused per minute based on the prescribed volume, the tubing's specific drop factor, and the total duration.
3
Round the calculated rate to the nearest whole drop.
28 gtt/min28 \text{ gtt/min}
Fractions of a drop cannot be visually measured or administered via a manual gravity infusion set.

Key Concept

Intravenous (IV) gravity drip rate calculation
Question 23Question →

A practical nurse is preparing to administer a prescribed dose of oral amoxicillin suspension to a pediatric client who weighs 14 kg14 \text{ kg}. The provider's prescription states: amoxicillin 40 mg/kg/day40 \text{ mg/kg/day} by mouth divided into two equal doses every 1212 hours. The pharmacy dispenses amoxicillin suspension at a concentration of 250 mg/5 mL250 \text{ mg}/5 \text{ mL}. How many mL\text{mL} should the nurse administer per dose? (Record your answer to the nearest tenth. Do not include units in your answer.)

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Answer: 5.6

Answer

The nurse should administer 5.6 mL per dose.
To ensure safe medication administration, the nurse must accurately convert the prescribed weight-based parameter into a measurable fluid volume. By calculating the total daily dose (560 mg560 \text{ mg}), dividing it into the specified two doses (280 mg280 \text{ mg} each), and applying the concentration formula (DesiredHave×Volume\frac{\text{Desired}}{\text{Have}} \times \text{Volume}), the correct verifiable dose is 5.6 mL5.6 \text{ mL}.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine the total daily dose in milligrams based on the client's weight.
14 kg×40 mg/kg=560 mg/day14 \text{ kg} \times 40 \text{ mg/kg} = 560 \text{ mg/day}
Weight-based prescriptions require calculating the total 24-hour medication allowance before determining individual dose amounts.
2
Determine the individual dose amount in milligrams.
560 mg÷2=280 mg/dose560 \text{ mg} \div 2 = 280 \text{ mg/dose}
The prescription specifies that the total daily amount must be divided into two equal doses administered every 12 hours.
3
Calculate the liquid volume to administer per dose using the supplied concentration.
(280 mg250 mg)×5 mL=5.6 mL(\frac{280 \text{ mg}}{250 \text{ mg}}) \times 5 \text{ mL} = 5.6 \text{ mL}
This converts the required milligram dose into the measurable milliliter volume provided by the pharmacy.

Key Concept

Weight-Based Pediatric Dosage Calculation
Question 24Question →

A practical nurse is preparing to administer ibuprofen oral suspension to a toddler who weighs 28.628.6 lb. The health care provider prescribes 1010 mg/kg/dose every 66 hours PRN for fever. The pharmacy provides ibuprofen oral suspension with a concentration of 100100 mg / 55 mL. How many milliliters should the nurse administer for one dose? (Record answer to the nearest tenth. Do not include units in answer.)

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Answer: 6.5

Answer

6.5
To determine the correct volume to administer, the nurse must first convert the child's weight to kilograms (28.6 lb÷2.2=13 kg28.6 \text{ lb} \div 2.2 = 13 \text{ kg}). Next, calculate the required dose by multiplying the weight by the prescribed weight-based amount (13 kg×10 mg/kg=130 mg13 \text{ kg} \times 10 \text{ mg/kg} = 130 \text{ mg}). Finally, calculate the volume using the medication concentration provided by the pharmacy (130 mg÷100 mg×5 mL=6.5 mL130 \text{ mg} \div 100 \text{ mg} \times 5 \text{ mL} = 6.5 \text{ mL}).

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Convert weight from pounds to kilograms.
28.6÷2.2=1328.6 \div 2.2 = 13 kg
The prescribed dosage is ordered in mg/kg, requiring the client's weight to be in kilograms.
2
Determine the total milligrams required for one dose.
13×10=13013 \times 10 = 130 mg
Multiply the client's weight in kg by the prescribed dose of 1010 mg/kg.
3
Calculate the volume (mL) to administer.
130100×5=6.5\frac{130}{100} \times 5 = 6.5 mL
Use the formula (Desired / Have) x Quantity to find the required volume.

Key Concept

Weight-based pediatric dosage calculation
Question 25Question →

A client is prescribed ibuprofen 400 mg400\text{ mg} orally every 66 hours for musculoskeletal pain. The available medication is an oral suspension labeled 100 mg/5 mL100\text{ mg}/5\text{ mL}. How many milliliters (mL\text{mL}) should the practical nurse administer per dose? Record your answer as a whole number. Do not include units in your answer.

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Answer: 20

Answer

20
To calculate the correct volume to administer, use the standard formula: (Desired doseDose on hand)×Volume(\frac{\text{Desired dose}}{\text{Dose on hand}}) \times \text{Volume}. The desired dose is 400 mg400\text{ mg} and the dose on hand is 100 mg100\text{ mg} per 5 mL5\text{ mL}. Substituting these values into the formula gives (400 mg100 mg)×5 mL(\frac{400\text{ mg}}{100\text{ mg}}) \times 5\text{ mL}. Dividing 400400 by 100100 equals 44. Multiplying 44 by 5 mL5\text{ mL} yields the correct administration volume of 20 mL20\text{ mL}.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the desired dose prescribed by the provider.
Desired dose = 400 mg400\text{ mg}
This is the target amount of medication the client needs to receive.
2
Identify the dose on hand (concentration) and its corresponding volume.
Have = 100 mg100\text{ mg}, Quantity = 5 mL5\text{ mL}
This establishes the ratio of medication weight to liquid volume available from the pharmacy.
3
Apply the dosage calculation formula.
Formula: (DesiredHave)×Quantity(\frac{\text{Desired}}{\text{Have}}) \times \text{Quantity}
This formula converts the prescribed milligrams into the administrable milliliters.
4
Substitute the values into the formula and perform the calculation.
(400100)×5=4×5=20 mL(\frac{400}{100}) \times 5 = 4 \times 5 = 20\text{ mL}
Completing the math yields the exact volume to administer per dose.

Key Concept

Oral liquid dosage calculation
Question 26Question →

A practical nurse is preparing to administer scheduled morning medications to a client diagnosed with hypothyroidism. The primary health care provider has prescribed levothyroxine 0.125 mg0.125\text{ mg} orally once daily. The pharmacy supplies levothyroxine as scored tablets containing 50 mcg50\text{ mcg} per tablet. How many tablets should the nurse administer?

Record answer to the nearest tenth. Do not include units in answer.

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Answer: 2.5

Answer

2.5
To safely administer the correct dose, the practical nurse must ensure the prescribed dose and the supplied dose are in the same unit of measurement. Converting the prescribed 0.125 mg0.125\text{ mg} to micrograms yields 125 mcg125\text{ mcg}. Dividing the desired dose (125 mcg125\text{ mcg}) by the available dose (50 mcg50\text{ mcg} per tablet) results in 2.5 tablets2.5\text{ tablets}. Because the tablets are scored, it is safe and appropriate to administer two and a half tablets to achieve the prescribed dose.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Convert the prescribed dose of levothyroxine from milligrams (mg) to micrograms (mcg) by multiplying by 1000.
0.125 mg×1000=125 mcg0.125\text{ mg} \times 1000 = 125\text{ mcg}
The prescribed dose and the supplied medication must be in the same unit of measurement before calculating the physical dosage.
2
Use the standard dosage calculation formula: Desired DoseAvailable Dose×Quantity\frac{\text{Desired Dose}}{\text{Available Dose}} \times \text{Quantity}.
125 mcg50 mcg×1 tablet=2.5 tablets\frac{125\text{ mcg}}{50\text{ mcg}} \times 1\text{ tablet} = 2.5\text{ tablets}
This calculation determines the exact physical quantity of the medication to administer based on the available pharmacy supply.

Key Concept

Dosage Calculation and Unit Conversion
Question 27Question →

During a pediatric clinic visit, a child weighing 37.4 lb37.4\text{ lb} is diagnosed with acute otitis media. The primary health care provider prescribes cefdinir oral suspension at the maximum recommended dosage of 14 mg/kg/day14\text{ mg/kg/day}, to be administered in equally divided doses every 12 hours12\text{ hours}. The clinic pharmacy dispenses a multi-dose bottle of cefdinir powder with the following label instructions: "Reconstitute by adding 38 mL38\text{ mL} of sterile water to yield 60 mL60\text{ mL} of oral suspension with a concentration of 250 mg/5 mL250\text{ mg}/5\text{ mL}."

The practical nurse is reinforcing medication administration instructions with the child's parents. How many milliliters (mL\text{mL}) should the nurse instruct the parents to administer for a single dose? (Record the answer to the nearest tenth. Do not include units in the answer.)

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Answer: 2.4

Answer

2.4
To solve this, first convert pounds to kilograms: 37.4 lb÷2.2=17 kg37.4\text{ lb} \div 2.2 = 17\text{ kg}. Next, find the total daily dose: 17 kg×14 mg/kg/day=238 mg/day17\text{ kg} \times 14\text{ mg/kg/day} = 238\text{ mg/day}. Because it is given every 12 hours, divide by 2: 238÷2=119 mg/dose238 \div 2 = 119\text{ mg/dose}. Using the concentration of 250 mg250\text{ mg} in 5 mL5\text{ mL}, calculate the volume: (119 mg÷250 mg)×5 mL=2.38 mL(119\text{ mg} \div 250\text{ mg}) \times 5\text{ mL} = 2.38\text{ mL}. Finally, round to the nearest tenth to get 2.42.4.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Convert the client's weight from pounds to kilograms.
37.4 lb÷2.2 lb/kg=17 kg37.4\text{ lb} \div 2.2\text{ lb/kg} = 17\text{ kg}
Weight-based pediatric dosages require the weight to be in kilograms.
2
Calculate the total daily medication dosage.
17 kg×14 mg/kg/day=238 mg/day17\text{ kg} \times 14\text{ mg/kg/day} = 238\text{ mg/day}
The prescription is written as a daily total based on the child's weight.
3
Calculate the single dose amount.
238 mg/day÷2 doses/day=119 mg/dose238\text{ mg/day} \div 2\text{ doses/day} = 119\text{ mg/dose}
The medication is ordered every 12 hours, meaning the total daily amount must be divided into 2 equal doses.
4
Calculate the volume to administer for one dose using the final concentration.
119 mg250 mg×5 mL=2.38 mL\frac{119\text{ mg}}{250\text{ mg}} \times 5\text{ mL} = 2.38\text{ mL}
The concentration is 250 mg250\text{ mg} per 5 mL5\text{ mL}. The reconstitution water volume (38 mL38\text{ mL}) and total yield (60 mL60\text{ mL}) are distractors and not used in the formula.
5
Round the calculated volume to the nearest tenth as instructed.
2.382.38 rounds to 2.42.4
Standard rounding rules state that if the hundredths digit is 5 or greater, round up the tenths digit.

Key Concept

Advanced Pediatric Dosage Calculation and Reconstitution Interpretation
Question 28Question →

An adult client admitted with a severe gastrointestinal infection is prescribed metronidazole oral suspension. The prescription directs the administration of 7.5 mg/kg7.5 \text{ mg/kg} every 6 hours6 \text{ hours}. The client's documented weight is 154 lb154 \text{ lb}. The pharmacy supplies the medication with a label reading 250 mg/5 mL250 \text{ mg}/5 \text{ mL}. How many mL\text{mL} should the practical nurse administer for a single dose? Record your answer to the nearest tenth. Do not include units in your answer.

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Answer: 10.5

Answer

The practical nurse should administer 10.5 mL.
The correct volume is 10.5 mL10.5 \text{ mL}. To find this, the nurse must first convert the weight from pounds to kilograms (154÷2.2=70 kg154 \div 2.2 = 70 \text{ kg}). Next, determine the ordered dose by multiplying the weight by the prescription (70 kg×7.5 mg/kg=525 mg70 \text{ kg} \times 7.5 \text{ mg/kg} = 525 \text{ mg}). Finally, calculate the volume using the ratio of the available medication: (525 mg÷250 mg)×5 mL=10.5 mL(525 \text{ mg} \div 250 \text{ mg}) \times 5 \text{ mL} = 10.5 \text{ mL}.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Convert the client's weight from pounds to kilograms.
154 lb÷2.2 lb/kg=70 kg154 \text{ lb} \div 2.2 \text{ lb/kg} = 70 \text{ kg}
The prescribed medication is dosed based on the client's weight in kilograms.
2
Calculate the total required dose in milligrams.
70 kg×7.5 mg/kg=525 mg70 \text{ kg} \times 7.5 \text{ mg/kg} = 525 \text{ mg}
This determines the exact amount of medication the client needs per dose based on the order.
3
Calculate the volume of liquid to administer in milliliters.
(525 mg250 mg)×5 mL=10.5 mL(\frac{525 \text{ mg}}{250 \text{ mg}}) \times 5 \text{ mL} = 10.5 \text{ mL}
This determines how much of the supplied concentration is needed to deliver the required dose.

Key Concept

Weight-based medication dosage calculation and liquid concentration conversion
Question 29Question →

A provider prescribes cefazolin 300 mg300\text{ mg} deep intramuscularly for a client treating a cellulitis infection. The supply on hand is a 500 mg500\text{ mg} vial of powdered cefazolin. The label instructions read: 'Reconstitute by adding 2.0 mL2.0\text{ mL} of sterile water for injection. The resulting reconstituted solution contains 225 mg/mL225\text{ mg/mL} of cefazolin.' Determine the volume in milliliters required for a single dose. (Record answer to the nearest tenth. Do not include units in answer.)

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Answer: 1.3

Answer

1.3
The correct volume is determined by using the final reconstituted concentration of 225 mg/mL225\text{ mg/mL}. By applying the formula (Desired Dose / Available Concentration) × Volume, the calculation is (300 mg/225 mg)×1 mL=1.333... mL(300\text{ mg} / 225\text{ mg}) \times 1\text{ mL} = 1.333...\text{ mL}. Rounding to the nearest tenth yields 1.3 mL1.3\text{ mL}. The values 500 mg500\text{ mg} and 2.0 mL2.0\text{ mL} are distractors.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the desired dose and the available medication concentration from the problem statement.
Desired dose = 300 mg300\text{ mg}; Available concentration = 225 mg/mL225\text{ mg/mL}.
Correctly isolating the final yield concentration is critical, as the diluent volume (2.0 mL2.0\text{ mL}) and total powder mass (500 mg500\text{ mg}) are extraneous information meant to test the nurse's ability to extract relevant clinical data.
2
Apply standard dosage calculation principles to determine the volume.
300 mg225 mg×1 mL=1.333... mL\frac{300\text{ mg}}{225\text{ mg}} \times 1\text{ mL} = 1.333...\text{ mL}
Dividing the prescribed dose by the concentration on hand provides the exact volume of liquid needed to deliver the correct mass of the drug.
3
Round the calculated volume to the nearest tenth.
1.31.3
Rounding rules for standard medication administration dictate that volumes greater than 1 mL1\text{ mL} should be rounded to the nearest tenth to ensure accurate measurement in a standard syringe.

Key Concept

Reconstituted Medication Dosage Calculation
Question 30Question →

A client in an outpatient clinic has a new prescription for amoxicillin oral suspension 400 mg400\text{ mg} twice daily. The clinic stock contains amoxicillin in a concentration of 250 mg/5 mL250\text{ mg} / 5\text{ mL}. How many mL will the practical nurse administer for a single dose? (Record the answer to the nearest whole number. Do not include units in the answer.)

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 8

Answer

8
The practical nurse uses the standard dosage calculation formula: Desired doseAvailable dose×Quantity\frac{\text{Desired dose}}{\text{Available dose}} \times \text{Quantity}. The prescribed dose is 400 mg400\text{ mg}, and the available concentration is 250 mg250\text{ mg} per 5 mL5\text{ mL}. Plugging these values into the formula gives 400250×5=1.6×5=8 mL\frac{400}{250} \times 5 = 1.6 \times 5 = 8\text{ mL}. The nurse should administer 8 mL8\text{ mL} for a single dose.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the prescribed (desired) dose.
400 mg400\text{ mg}
This is the amount of medication the provider has ordered for one dose.
2
Identify the concentration of the medication on hand (have) and the volume it comes in (quantity).
250 mg250\text{ mg} per 5 mL5\text{ mL}
This determines the strength of the available liquid medication.
3
Apply the dosage calculation formula: DesiredHave×Quantity\frac{\text{Desired}}{\text{Have}} \times \text{Quantity}.
400250×5=8 mL\frac{400}{250} \times 5 = 8\text{ mL}
This calculation yields the exact volume needed to deliver the prescribed 400 mg400\text{ mg} dose.

Key Concept

Dosage calculation for oral liquid medications
Question 31Question →

A pediatric client weighing 35.235.2 pounds is prescribed cefdinir 14 mg/kg/day14\text{ mg/kg/day} orally, to be administered in two equally divided doses. The medication is supplied as a powder for oral suspension. The bottle instructions state: "Add 38 mL38\text{ mL} of purified water in two portions to yield 60 mL60\text{ mL} of suspension with a concentration of 125 mg/5 mL125\text{ mg}/5\text{ mL}." After correctly reconstituting the medication, how many mL should the practical nurse administer for a single dose? Record the answer to the nearest tenth. Do not include units in the answer.

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Answer: 4.5

Answer

4.5
To administer the correct dose, the practical nurse must systematically follow dosage calculation steps. First, the child's weight is converted to kilograms (35.2÷2.2=16 kg35.2 \div 2.2 = 16\text{ kg}). Then, the total daily dose is calculated by multiplying the weight by the order (16×14=224 mg/day16 \times 14 = 224\text{ mg/day}). Because the medication is divided into two doses, the single dose is 112 mg112\text{ mg}. Finally, the nurse uses the final reconstituted concentration of 125 mg/5 mL125\text{ mg}/5\text{ mL} to find the volume: (112÷125)×5=4.48 mL(112 \div 125) \times 5 = 4.48\text{ mL}, which rounds to 4.54.5. The instructions regarding 38 mL38\text{ mL} and 60 mL60\text{ mL} are necessary for pharmacy preparation but act as distractors during dose calculation.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Convert the client's weight from pounds to kilograms.
16 kg16\text{ kg}
The prescribed medication dosage is based on kilograms (14 mg/kg/day14\text{ mg/kg/day}).
2
Calculate the total daily dose in milligrams.
224 mg/day224\text{ mg/day}
Multiply the child's weight in kg (16 kg16\text{ kg}) by the daily dosage rate (14 mg/kg/day14\text{ mg/kg/day}).
3
Determine the amount of medication needed for a single dose.
112 mg/dose112\text{ mg/dose}
The prescription states the medication is to be administered in two equally divided doses (224 mg÷2224\text{ mg} \div 2).
4
Calculate the volume of liquid needed for one dose.
4.48 mL4.48\text{ mL}
Using the concentration of the reconstituted suspension (125 mg125\text{ mg} in 5 mL5\text{ mL}), use dimensional analysis or the desired/have formula: 112 mg125 mg×5 mL\frac{112\text{ mg}}{125\text{ mg}} \times 5\text{ mL}.
5
Round the final calculated volume to the nearest tenth.
4.54.5
The question instructions explicitly require rounding the final answer to the nearest tenth.

Key Concept

Weight-based pediatric dosage calculation and reconstitution
Question 32Question →

A toddler weighing 33 lbs33\text{ lbs} is diagnosed with acute otitis media. The healthcare provider prescribes cefdinir 14 mg/kg/day14\text{ mg/kg/day} orally in two divided doses. The pharmacy dispenses cefdinir oral suspension with a concentration of 125 mg/5 mL125\text{ mg}/5\text{ mL}. How many milliliters (mL\text{mL}) should be administered per dose?

Record your answer to the nearest tenth. Do not include units in your answer.

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 4.2

Answer

4.2
To safely administer this weight-based medication, the practical nurse must first convert the child's weight to kilograms (33 lbs÷2.2 lbs/kg=15 kg33\text{ lbs} \div 2.2\text{ lbs/kg} = 15\text{ kg}). Next, the total daily dose is calculated by multiplying the weight in kilograms by the prescribed rate (15 kg×14 mg/kg/day=210 mg/day15\text{ kg} \times 14\text{ mg/kg/day} = 210\text{ mg/day}). Because the prescription specifies two divided doses, the daily dose is halved to find the single administration amount (210 mg÷2=105 mg/dose210\text{ mg} \div 2 = 105\text{ mg/dose}). Finally, the required volume is determined using the dispensed concentration of 125 mg/5 mL125\text{ mg}/5\text{ mL}. Using the formula DesiredHave×Quantity\frac{\text{Desired}}{\text{Have}} \times \text{Quantity}: 105 mg125 mg×5 mL=0.84×5 mL=4.2 mL\frac{105\text{ mg}}{125\text{ mg}} \times 5\text{ mL} = 0.84 \times 5\text{ mL} = 4.2\text{ mL}.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Convert the client's weight from pounds to kilograms.
15 kg15\text{ kg}
Weight-based medication prescribing requires the client's weight to be accurately calculated in kilograms (33 lbs÷2.2=15 kg33\text{ lbs} \div 2.2 = 15\text{ kg}).
2
Calculate the total daily dose of the medication.
210 mg/day210\text{ mg/day}
The prescription is ordered based on the total amount needed for a full 24-hour period (15 kg×14 mg/kg/day15\text{ kg} \times 14\text{ mg/kg/day}).
3
Determine the amount of medication required for a single dose.
105 mg/dose105\text{ mg/dose}
The total daily dose must be divided into two equal doses as prescribed (210 mg÷2210\text{ mg} \div 2).
4
Calculate the liquid volume to administer per dose using the available concentration.
4.2 mL4.2\text{ mL}
Using the formula (Desired / Have) ×\times Quantity: (105 mg125 mg)×5 mL=4.2 mL\frac{105\text{ mg}}{125\text{ mg}}) \times 5\text{ mL} = 4.2\text{ mL}.

Key Concept

Weight-Based Pediatric Dosage Calculation
Question 33Question →

A pediatric client weighing 44 lb44\text{ lb} is prescribed amoxicillin 45 mg/kg/day45\text{ mg/kg/day} by mouth, to be administered in equally divided doses every 12 hours. The pharmacy supplies amoxicillin oral suspension with a concentration of 250 mg/5 mL250\text{ mg}/5\text{ mL}. How many mL should the practical nurse administer per dose?

(Record the answer as a whole number. Do not include units in your answer.)

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Answer: 9

Answer

9
To determine the correct volume, first convert the weight to kilograms (44÷2.2=20 kg44 \div 2.2 = 20\text{ kg}). Next, find the total daily dose (20 kg×45 mg/kg/day=900 mg/day20\text{ kg} \times 45\text{ mg/kg/day} = 900\text{ mg/day}). Since it is given every 12 hours, divide by 2 to find the single dose (450 mg/dose450\text{ mg/dose}). Finally, use the desired over have formula: (450 mg/250 mg)×5 mL=9 mL(450\text{ mg} / 250\text{ mg}) \times 5\text{ mL} = 9\text{ mL}.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Convert the client's weight from pounds to kilograms.
44 lb÷2.2=20 kg44\text{ lb} \div 2.2 = 20\text{ kg}
Medication is prescribed based on the client's weight in kilograms.
2
Calculate the total daily dose of amoxicillin.
20 kg×45 mg/kg/day=900 mg/day20\text{ kg} \times 45\text{ mg/kg/day} = 900\text{ mg/day}
This establishes the total amount of medication required for a 24-hour period.
3
Calculate the individual dose amount in milligrams.
900 mg÷2=450 mg/dose900\text{ mg} \div 2 = 450\text{ mg/dose}
The medication is ordered every 12 hours, which equates to 2 equal doses per day.
4
Calculate the liquid volume to administer per dose.
450 mg250 mg×5 mL=9 mL\frac{450\text{ mg}}{250\text{ mg}} \times 5\text{ mL} = 9\text{ mL}
This converts the required dose in mg into the physical volume of the supplied suspension.

Key Concept

Weight-based pediatric dosage calculation and liquid medication volume determination.
Question 34Question →

A school-aged client weighing 44 lb is prescribed acetaminophen 15 mg/kg orally every 4 hours for a temperature of 101.8°F (38.8°C). The pharmacy provides acetaminophen oral suspension with a concentration of 160 mg/5 mL. How many mL will the practical nurse administer per dose? Record the answer to the nearest tenth. Do not include units in answer.

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Answer: 9.4

Answer

9.4
To determine the correct dose, the practical nurse must first convert the child's weight to kilograms (44 lb ÷ 2.2 = 20 kg). Next, calculate the desired dose in milligrams (20 kg × 15 mg/kg = 300 mg). Finally, calculate the volume to administer using the supplied concentration (300 mg desired ÷ 160 mg available × 5 mL = 9.375 mL). Following standard rounding rules, 9.375 rounds to 9.4.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Convert the client's weight from pounds (lb) to kilograms (kg).
44 lb ÷ 2.2 = 20 kg
The medication dosage is prescribed based on kilograms, so a weight conversion is required first.
2
Calculate the total required dose in milligrams (mg).
20 kg × 15 mg/kg = 300 mg
This establishes the total amount of medication needed for a single dose based on the client's body weight.
3
Calculate the required volume in milliliters (mL) using the formula (Desired / Have) × Volume.
(300 mg ÷ 160 mg) × 5 mL = 9.375 mL
This converts the required dose in mg to the physical volume needed based on the pharmacy's supplied concentration.
4
Round the final calculated volume to the nearest tenth.
9.375 mL rounds to 9.4 mL
The question explicitly requires the answer to be recorded to the nearest tenth.

Key Concept

Weight-based medication dosage calculation and fluid volume conversion
Question 35Question →

A 4-year-old child who weighs 41.8 lb41.8\text{ lb} is brought to the pediatric clinic with acute otitis media. The healthcare provider prescribes cefdinir oral suspension 14 mg/kg/day14\text{ mg/kg/day} to be given in two equally divided doses. The dispensed medication bottle indicates that adding 38 mL38\text{ mL} of distilled water will yield a final reconstituted concentration of 250 mg/5 mL250\text{ mg}/5\text{ mL}. How many mL\text{mL} will the nurse administer for a single dose? (Record answer to the nearest tenth. Do not include units in answer.)

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 2.7

Answer

2.7
To determine the correct volume to administer, first convert the client's weight to kilograms (41.8 lb÷2.2=19 kg41.8\text{ lb} \div 2.2 = 19\text{ kg}). Next, find the total daily dose by multiplying the weight by the prescribed rate (19 kg×14 mg/kg=266 mg19\text{ kg} \times 14\text{ mg/kg} = 266\text{ mg}). Since this medication is given in two equally divided doses, divide by 2 to get the single dose amount (266 mg÷2=133 mg266\text{ mg} \div 2 = 133\text{ mg}). Finally, use the reconstituted concentration of 250 mg250\text{ mg} in 5 mL5\text{ mL} to find the volume to administer: (133 mg÷250 mg)×5 mL=2.66 mL(133\text{ mg} \div 250\text{ mg}) \times 5\text{ mL} = 2.66\text{ mL}. Rounding to the nearest tenth yields 2.7 mL2.7\text{ mL}. Note that the 38 mL38\text{ mL} of water mentioned is the diluent used to prepare the medication and is extraneous information designed to test critical reading skills.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Convert weight to kilograms
19 kg19\text{ kg}
The medication dosage is prescribed based on the client's metric weight (mg/kg).
2
Determine total daily dose
266 mg/day266\text{ mg/day}
The prescription calls for 14 mg per kg per day.
3
Calculate the single dose
133 mg/dose133\text{ mg/dose}
The total daily medication is to be divided into two equal doses.
4
Calculate the required volume based on concentration
2.66 mL2.66\text{ mL}
The final reconstituted medication concentration is 250 mg per 5 mL.
5
Round to nearest tenth
2.7
Clinical rounding rules and the question instructions require rounding to the nearest tenth.

Key Concept

Pediatric weight-based dosage calculation and identifying relevant reconstitution data.
Question 36Question →

An LPN/LVN is reviewing the medication administration record for a client with an elevated temperature. The chart indicates an order for ibuprofen 400 mg400\text{ mg} PO. The unit medication cart contains a stock bottle of ibuprofen oral suspension labeled 100 mg/5 mL100\text{ mg}/5\text{ mL}. How many milliliters will the nurse administer for this dose? (Record your answer as a whole number. Do not include units in your answer.)

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 20

Answer

The nurse should administer 20 mL20\text{ mL} of the ibuprofen suspension.
Using the standard dosage calculation formula of (Desired / Have) × Quantity, the desired dose of 400 mg400\text{ mg} is divided by the available dose of 100 mg100\text{ mg}, which equals 4. Multiplying this by the available volume of 5 mL5\text{ mL} gives the correct volume of 20 mL20\text{ mL} to be administered.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the target dose prescribed for the client.
400 mg400\text{ mg}
This is the exact amount of medication the client needs to receive based on the order.
2
Determine the concentration of the medication on hand.
100 mg100\text{ mg} in 5 mL5\text{ mL}
This provides the 'Have' and 'Quantity' values needed for the calculation formula.
3
Calculate the required volume using the formula: (Desired / Have) × Quantity.
(400/100)×5=20(400 / 100) \times 5 = 20
Dividing the desired dose by the available dose and multiplying by the supplied volume yields the exact milliliters to administer.

Key Concept

Oral Dosage Calculation
Question 37Question →

A school-aged child with a superficial skin infection is prescribed oral cephalexin 500 mg every 12 hours. The pharmacy dispenses cephalexin oral suspension with a concentration of 250 mg/5 mL.

How many mL should the practical nurse administer for a single dose? Record the answer as a whole number. Do not include units in the answer.

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 10

Answer

10
To determine the correct volume to administer, use the formula DesiredHave×Volume\frac{\text{Desired}}{\text{Have}} \times \text{Volume}. The desired single dose is 500 mg, and the medication on hand is 250 mg per 5 mL. Plugging these values into the formula yields 500250×5=10\frac{500}{250} \times 5 = 10 mL.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the desired single dose from the provider's prescription.
500 mg
This is the target amount of medication the client needs to receive at one time.
2
Identify the concentration of the medication available from the pharmacy.
250 mg in 5 mL
This determines how much liquid contains the required medication.
3
Apply the dosage calculation formula: DesiredHave×Volume\frac{\text{Desired}}{\text{Have}} \times \text{Volume}.
500250×5\frac{500}{250} \times 5
This standard formula safely converts the prescribed mass into the volume to be administered.
4
Perform the arithmetic to find the final volume.
10
Simplifying the fraction 500250\frac{500}{250} equals 2. Multiplying 2×52 \times 5 yields 10.

Key Concept

Basic Liquid Dosage Calculation
Question 38Question →

A practical nurse is caring for a toddler who weighs 1414 kg and is diagnosed with acute otitis media. The healthcare provider prescribes cefdinir 77 mg/kg PO every 1212 hours. The pharmacy dispenses cefdinir oral suspension labeled 125125 mg / 55 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer for one dose? (Record answer to the nearest tenth. Do not include units in answer.)

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 3.9

Answer

3.9
To determine the correct administration volume, first calculate the total desired dose for the child: 1414 kg ×7\times 7 mg/kg = 9898 mg. Next, calculate the volume using the medication concentration provided by the pharmacy. Divide the desired dose (9898 mg) by the available dose (125125 mg), and multiply by the available volume (55 mL): (98/125)×5=3.92(98 / 125) \times 5 = 3.92 mL. Rounding this value to the nearest tenth provides the final answer of 3.93.9.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate the total milligrams required for a single dose.
14 kg×7 mg/kg=98 mg14 \text{ kg} \times 7 \text{ mg/kg} = 98 \text{ mg}
The prescription is weight-based, requiring the child's weight in kilograms to be multiplied by the ordered amount per kilogram.
2
Determine the volume of suspension needed to provide the desired dose.
98 mg125 mg×5 mL=3.92 mL\frac{98 \text{ mg}}{125 \text{ mg}} \times 5 \text{ mL} = 3.92 \text{ mL}
Applying the dimensional analysis or desired-over-have formula to calculate the liquid volume to administer.
3
Round the final answer to the nearest tenth.
3.93.9
The question explicitly requires rounding to the nearest tenth for administration.

Key Concept

Weight-based pediatric dosage calculation for oral liquid medications
Question 39Question →

A toddler weighing 35.235.2 lb is prescribed oral acetaminophen 1515 mg/kg every 44 hours as needed for fever. The medication available is an oral suspension with a concentration of 160160 mg/55 mL. How many milliliters should the practical nurse administer for one dose? (Record answer to the nearest tenth. Do not include units in answer.)

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 7.5

Answer

7.5
The calculation requires three clinical math steps: first converting the client's weight to kilograms (35.2÷2.2=1635.2 \div 2.2 = 16 kg), determining the weight-based dose (16×15=24016 \times 15 = 240 mg), and then calculating the liquid volume using the available concentration of 160160 mg per 55 mL (240160×5=7.5\frac{240}{160} \times 5 = 7.5 mL). The correct final amount to administer is 7.57.5 mL.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Convert the child's weight from pounds (lb) to kilograms (kg).
1616 kg
The medication dosage is prescribed in mg/kg, requiring the client's weight to be converted using the factor 11 kg = 2.22.2 lb (35.2÷2.2=1635.2 \div 2.2 = 16).
2
Calculate the total required dose in milligrams (mg).
240240 mg
Multiply the weight in kilograms by the prescribed dosage amount (16 kg×15 mg/kg=240 mg16 \text{ kg} \times 15 \text{ mg/kg} = 240 \text{ mg}).
3
Calculate the volume of liquid to administer in milliliters (mL).
7.57.5 mL
Use the formula: (Desired / Have) × Quantity. Here, (240 mg160 mg\frac{240 \text{ mg}}{160 \text{ mg}}) × 5 mL=1.5×5 mL=7.5 mL5 \text{ mL} = 1.5 \times 5 \text{ mL} = 7.5 \text{ mL}.

Key Concept

Weight-based pediatric dosage calculation and liquid medication volume computation
Question 40Question →

A client with heart failure has a new prescription for furosemide 60 mg60\text{ mg} by mouth once daily. The pharmacy supplies furosemide oral solution with a concentration of 10 mg/1 mL10\text{ mg}/1\text{ mL}. How many milliliters (mL\text{mL}) should the practical nurse administer for each dose? Record your answer as a whole number. Do not include units in your answer.

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 6

Answer

6
To calculate the correct volume of furosemide oral solution, use the formula: (Desired/Have)×Quantity(\text{Desired} / \text{Have}) \times \text{Quantity}. The desired dose is 60 mg60\text{ mg}, the dose on hand is 10 mg10\text{ mg}, and the quantity is 1 mL1\text{ mL}. The calculation is (60 mg/10 mg)×1 mL(60\text{ mg} / 10\text{ mg}) \times 1\text{ mL}, which equals 6 mL6\text{ mL}.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the prescribed dose (Desired).
60 mg60\text{ mg}
This is the amount of medication the provider ordered for the client.
2
Identify the available medication concentration (Have and Quantity).
10 mg10\text{ mg} in 1 mL1\text{ mL}
This is the strength of the medication provided by the pharmacy.
3
Apply the dosage calculation formula: (Desired/Have)×Quantity(\text{Desired} / \text{Have}) \times \text{Quantity}.
(60 mg/10 mg)×1 mL=X(60\text{ mg} / 10\text{ mg}) \times 1\text{ mL} = X
This formula accurately determines the correct volume to administer based on the required dose and available concentration.
4
Perform the calculation.
6 mL6\text{ mL}
Dividing 6060 by 1010 yields 66, and multiplying by 11 maintains the value.

Key Concept

Calculating oral liquid medication dosages using the Desired over Have method.
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