All practice questions
9 questions
Question 1Question →
The following sentences describe the historical development of penicillin. Arrange them in the correct chronological sequence by ordering the items from first to last.
Drag items to arrange them in the correct order
Show answer & explanation
Answer
The correct chronological order of the sentences is: first, the initial discovery in 1928; second, the subsequent isolation of the agent in the late 1930s; third, the human testing in 1941; and fourth, the mass production that began shortly thereafter.
The correct sequence begins with the 1928 discovery, followed by the isolation in the late 1930s, continuing to the 1941 trials, and ending with the subsequent mass production.
Step-by-Step Solution
1
Identify the sentence that introduces the starting event or earliest date.
The sentence describing Alexander Fleming's initial discovery in 1928 is identified as the first event in the sequence.
A chronological sequence begins with the earliest dated event that sets the baseline context.
2
Look for transition words or dates indicating the next phase of development.
The sentence starting with 'Afterward, in the late 1930s' is identified as the second event.
The transition 'Afterward' indicates a later step, and the date (late 1930s) directly follows 1928.
3
Identify the next chronological marker following the late 1930s.
The sentence starting with 'By 1941' is identified as the third event.
The year 1941 chronologically follows the late 1930s.
4
Determine the final step using relative sequence transitions.
The sentence beginning with 'Shortly thereafter' describing mass production is identified as the final event.
The phrase 'Shortly thereafter' links the mass production directly to the preceding human trials in 1941.
Key Concept
Identifying chronological markers and sequential transitions to reconstruct a logical timeline.
Question 2Question →
The following sentences describe the geological process of sinkhole formation. Arrange the sentences in the correct chronological and logical sequence to form a coherent paragraph.
Drag items to arrange them in the correct order
Show answer & explanation
Answer
The correct sequence of the sentences is: first, rainwater absorbs carbon dioxide and becomes acidic; second, this acidic water percolates downward and dissolves bedrock; third, underground cavities grow too large to support the surface; and fourth, the surface collapses to create a sinkhole.
The correct order follows the natural physical progression of sinkhole formation: first, rainwater becomes acidic; second, that specific acidic water percolates and dissolves bedrock; third, cavities grow larger over time; and fourth, the surface collapses as a consequence of the unsupported cavities. The transition words 'then', 'Eventually', and 'Consequently', along with the referring phrase 'This acidic water', reinforce this sequence.
Step-by-Step Solution
1
Identify the introductory sentence that establishes the initial cause of the sequence.
The sentence about rainwater absorbing carbon dioxide to turn acidic is identified as the start of the sequence.
It does not rely on any preceding context or pronouns and establishes the source of the acidity needed for the subsequent steps.
2
Look for transition words and pronoun referents that connect to the initial sentence.
The sentence beginning with 'This acidic water then percolates...' is placed second.
The phrase 'This acidic water' directly references the result of the first sentence, and the transition 'then' denotes the next step in the physical process.
3
Trace the logical progression of cause and effect in the dissolution of subterranean rock.
The sentence starting with 'Eventually, the underground cavities...' is placed third.
The creation of 'underground cavities' is the logical long-term consequence of the percolation and dissolution described in the second step, indicated by the time transition 'Eventually'.
4
Identify the final outcome or culmination of the sequence.
The sentence starting with 'Consequently, the surface suddenly collapses...' is placed last.
The transition 'Consequently' signals the direct result of the cavities becoming too large to support the surface weight, concluding the process of sinkhole formation.
Key Concept
Chronological and logical sequencing in informative texts relies on transition words (such as 'then', 'eventually', and 'consequently') and pronoun referents (such as 'this acidic water') to establish a clear order of events.
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 3Question →
The following sentences describe the historical development of the vaccine for smallpox. In what order should these sentences be arranged to form a logically coherent chronological narrative?
Drag items to arrange them in the correct order
Show answer & explanation
Answer
The correct sequence of sentences is: first, the sentence introducing Lady Montagu and the practice of variolation; second, the sentence describing Edward Jenner's 1796 hypothesis; third, the sentence explaining the experiment to test this hypothesis; and finally, the sentence concluding with the global eradication of smallpox in 1980.
The correct order follows a clear chronological progression (from the early eighteenth century to 1796, then to the testing phase, and finally to the long-term impact in 1980) and respects pronouns and determiners ('this hypothesis' and 'this pioneering experiment') that link sentences together.
Step-by-Step Solution
1
Identify the chronological and logical starting point of the narrative.
The sentence introducing Lady Mary Wortley Montagu is identified as the first sentence.
It introduces the earliest time frame ('early eighteenth century') and the foundational concept of 'variolation' which subsequent sentences refer to.
2
Identify the subsequent chronological event that builds on the first.
The sentence beginning 'Decades later, in 1796' is identified as the second sentence.
The transition 'Decades later' links it chronologically to the eighteenth century, and its comparison to the risks of 'variolation' logically requires the concept to have been introduced beforehand.
3
Link the hypothesis to its direct experimental application.
The sentence starting with 'To test this hypothesis' is identified as the third sentence.
The demonstrative pronoun phrase 'this hypothesis' refers back to the hypothesis formulated by Edward Jenner in the second sentence, and it describes the execution of the experiment.
4
Determine the final conclusion or long-term consequence of the sequence.
The sentence starting with 'Ultimately, this pioneering experiment' is identified as the fourth sentence.
The transition 'Ultimately' signals a concluding outcome, 'this pioneering experiment' refers back to the trial in the third sentence, and the year '1980' marks the final point on the timeline.
Key Concept
Transitions: Chronology and Sequence
Estimated Time:2m 0s
Question 4Question →
The following sentences describe the historical decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs. Arrange the sentences in the correct chronological and logical sequence.
Drag items to arrange them in the correct order
Show answer & explanation
Answer
The correct chronological order begins with the discovery of the Rosetta Stone in 1799, followed by early decipherment attempts, then Thomas Young's phonetic breakthrough in 1814, and finally Jean-François Champollion's full decipherment in 1822.
The correct sequence begins with the discovery of the Rosetta Stone in 1799, transitions to the immediate aftermath of that discovery, moves to Thomas Young's breakthrough in 1814, and concludes with Champollion's decipherment in 1822, which logically builds upon Young's work.
Step-by-Step Solution
1
Identify the starting event of the timeline.
The discovery of the Rosetta Stone in 1799 is the event that initiates the entire sequence.
Decipherment efforts cannot begin without the object of study first being found.
2
Find logical linkages and pronoun referents.
The sentence mentioning 'this discovery' must follow the initial discovery of the Rosetta Stone.
This establishes the transition between the discovery and the subsequent years of failed attempts.
3
Order the remaining events chronologically and logically.
Thomas Young's breakthrough in 1814 is placed before Champollion's decipherment in 1822.
Chronological order dictates that 1814 precedes 1822, and logically, Champollion's work builds upon Young's prior insight.
Key Concept
Identifying chronological markers and tracing logical dependencies to reconstruct a narrative sequence.
Question 5Question →
The following sentences describe the historical development of the scientific understanding of dark matter. Arrange the sentences in the correct chronological and logical sequence.
Drag items to arrange them in the correct order
Show answer & explanation
Answer
The correct sequence begins with the introduction of Fritz Zwicky's initial proposal in the 1930s, followed by the community's multi-decade dismissal of his hypothesis, then the pivotal corroborating evidence presented by Vera Rubin and Kent Ford in the 1970s, and finishes with the scientific community's subsequent acceptance and theoretical modeling.
The correct order follows a clear chronological progression. The sequence begins with the earliest event in the 1930s (Zwicky's initial proposal). It then describes the immediate historical reception, noting that the community 'initially dismissed' it for 'several decades.' The narrative continues with the resolution of this skepticism in the 1970s ('The tide turned...'), and concludes with the direct consequence of that discovery ('Following Rubin and Ford's empirical confirmation... subsequently began...').
Step-by-Step Solution
1
Identify the introductory sentence.
The sentence describing Fritz Zwicky's observation in the 1930s is the logical starting point because it introduces the primary concept (dark matter) and the earliest timestamp.
Chronological narratives must establish the initial condition or discovery before tracking its evolution over time.
2
Connect the initial event to its immediate historical aftermath.
The sentence starting with 'Despite Zwicky's groundbreaking observations' directly references the preceding event and describes the reception of the theory over the subsequent 'several decades.'
The pronoun reference and contrast transition link this sentence directly as the second step in the sequence.
3
Locate the turning point that resolves the initial period of dismissal.
The sentence mentioning that 'The tide turned in the 1970s' logically follows the decades of dismissal, introducing Rubin and Ford's galactic rotation curve findings.
The 1970s timestamp chronologically succeeds the 1930s and the subsequent decades of stagnation.
4
Identify the concluding impact and subsequent research developments.
The sentence starting with 'Following Rubin and Ford's empirical confirmation' establishes the final phase, wherein cosmologists accepted the theory and 'subsequently' built simulations.
This sentence relies on the empirical confirmation described in the previous step and outlines the modern consensus and application.
Key Concept
Transitions: Chronology and Sequence
Question 6Question →
The following sentences describe the historical process of deciphering the Maya glyphs. Arrange the sentences in the correct chronological and logical sequence to form a coherent narrative.
Drag items to arrange them in the correct order
Show answer & explanation
Answer
The correct order of the sentences is: first, the initial struggle by early researchers; second, Yuri Knorozov's phonetic proposal in the 1950s; third, Tatiana Proskouriakoff's demonstration of historical content building on that phonetic approach; and finally, the late twentieth-century synthesis that decoded most texts.
The correct narrative flows from the initial research struggles, to the introduction of the phonetic hypothesis in the 1950s, followed by historical discoveries that built on that hypothesis, and culminating in the near-total decipherment of the script by the late twentieth century.
Step-by-Step Solution
1
Identify the starting point of the narrative.
The sentence describing early European researchers and their initial struggle represents the baseline context and must come first.
This establishes the initial state before any breakthroughs occurred.
2
Identify the next chronological development.
The sentence introducing Yuri Knorozov's 1950s phonetic proposal comes second.
The 1950s reference represents the first major chronological advancement after the early struggles.
3
Determine which sentence builds on the previous breakthrough.
The sentence stating that Tatiana Proskouriakoff built on the phonetic approach comes third.
Her work is logically dependent on the phonetic approach proposed by Knorozov, establishing a sequential dependency.
4
Identify the final conclusion of the process.
The sentence detailing the late twentieth-century synthesis that decoded the texts comes last.
This represents the final culmination and resolution of the decipherment history.
Key Concept
Chronological and Logical Sequencing
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 7Question →
The sentences below describe the historical development of penicillin as a therapeutic medicine. Arrange the sentences in the correct chronological and logical sequence.
Drag items to arrange them in the correct order
Show answer & explanation
Answer
The correct sequence begins with the discovery of penicillin in 1928, followed by the research plateau and the subsequent involvement of the Oxford team, then the purification of the compound for animal trials, and finally the transition to industrial mass production in collaboration with American factories.
The correct sequence begins with the discovery of penicillin in 1928. It then transitions to the decade-long research plateau that followed, which was ended by the Oxford team's work. Once the Oxford team focused on the compound, they purified and stabilized it for animal trials. Finally, the successful animal trials allowed researchers to collaborate with American factories to scale up mass production.
Step-by-Step Solution
1
Identify the initial event that establishes the topic and timeline.
The sentence introducing Alexander Fleming's 1928 discovery of penicillin establishes the baseline context.
Chronologically and logically, the initial discovery must precede any subsequent research efforts or production scales.
2
Look for transitions or cohesive devices linking to the initial discovery and its limitation.
The sentence describing the 'decade-long research plateau' connects directly to the inability to isolate the compound mentioned in the first sentence.
The phrase 'This decade-long research plateau' functions as an anaphoric reference to the stagnation following the 1928 discovery, marking the next chronological phase starting in the late 1930s.
3
Identify the logical next step of the Oxford team's research program.
The sentence starting with 'After purifying and stabilizing the compound' describes the immediate outcome of the Oxford team's focus.
Before conducting animal trials, the team first had to solve the instability issue mentioned in previous sentences, making this step logically prior to testing and manufacturing.
4
Determine the final phase of the process.
The sentence detailing the scale-up to mass production in collaboration with American factories concludes the sequence.
Mass production and industrial scaling naturally follow successful therapeutic validation in laboratory animal trials.
Key Concept
Chronological and logical flow in a process narrative.
Question 8Question →
The following sentences describe the historical scientific process of determining the structure and function of DNA. Arrange the sentences in the correct chronological and logical order to form a coherent paragraph.
Drag items to arrange them in the correct order
Show answer & explanation
Answer
The correct sequence begins with Friedrich Miescher's 1869 isolation of nuclein, followed by Oswald Avery's 1944 proof of its genetic role, followed by Erwin Chargaff's 1950 discovery of base ratios, and concluding with Watson and Crick's 1953 double-helix model.
The logical sequence is defined by both dates and explicit transitions: the sequence starts in 1869 ('First'), transitions to 1944 ('Decades later'), connects to 1950 ('Following this discovery'), and concludes in 1953 ('Ultimately') with Watson and Crick's model which synthesized the earlier clues.
Step-by-Step Solution
1
Identify the sentence that initiates the sequence.
The sentence starting with 'First' describes the earliest event (1869) and introduces the substance 'nuclein'.
Transition words like 'First' and chronological order require the earliest date to lead the sequence.
2
Locate the logical transition referring back to the initial substance.
The sentence starting with 'Decades later' describes the 1944 demonstration that 'this substance' (referring back to Miescher's nuclein) is the genetic carrier.
The pronoun phrase 'this substance' must refer back to a previously introduced noun, linking the 1869 event to the 1944 event.
3
Trace the consequence of the 1944 discovery.
The sentence starting with 'Following this discovery' links Chargaff's 1950 base ratio observations directly to the 1944 identification of DNA as the genetic carrier.
'Following this discovery' connects the timeline sequentially from 1944 to 1950.
4
Determine the concluding event.
The sentence starting with 'Ultimately' details the construction of the double-helix model in 1953 using the previously mentioned 'clues'.
The word 'Ultimately' signals the final step in a process, and 1953 represents the latest point on the timeline.
Key Concept
Using sequential transitions and chronological markers to establish a logical narrative order.
Question 9Question →
The following sentences describe the historical scientific process behind mapping the ocean floor and discovering seafloor spreading. What is the most logical and chronological order for these sentences?
Drag items to arrange them in the correct order
Show answer & explanation
Answer
The correct sequence begins with Marie Tharp plotting raw sonar data in the early 1950s, followed by her noticing a V-shaped cleft while analyzing those profiles, then Bruce Heezen initially dismissing the finding as a drafting error, and ending with Heezen subsequently plotting earthquake epicenters to validate the mapping.
The correct chronological and logical sequence begins with the initiation of the mapping project in the early 1950s, followed by the discovery of the cleft while analyzing the mapping profiles, then the initial skepticism of Tharp's research partner, and finally the subsequent verification of the cleft through earthquake epicenter mapping.
Step-by-Step Solution
1
Identify the introductory sentence that establishes the broad context and timeframe.
The sentence introducing Marie Tharp plotting raw sonar data in the early 1950s is placed first.
It establishes the chronological starting point and introduces the sonar data referenced later.
2
Locate the sentence that builds directly on the introduction by referencing the plotted sonar profiles.
The sentence starting with 'While analyzing these profiles' is placed second.
The phrase 'these profiles' points back to the 'raw sonar data' in the first sentence, and it introduces the finding of the V-shaped cleft.
3
Identify the immediate response to the discovery of the cleft.
The sentence starting with 'Initially, her research partner...' is placed third.
'Initially' indicates the first response to the hypothesis proposed in the second sentence, establishing the initial skepticism.
4
Determine the final resolving action in the sequence.
The sentence starting with 'Shortly thereafter, Heezen plotted...' is placed fourth.
'Shortly thereafter' transitions to the subsequent action that validates the findings and resolves the skepticism.
Key Concept
Chronological and logical sequencing in informational texts using transitions and pronoun antecedents.