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Difficulty: MediumGandhian Era and Major Mass Movements

Regarding the Champaran Satyagraha of 1917, which of the following statements are correct?

  1. It was launched primarily to protest against the Tinkathia system, under which tenant farmers were legally obligated to cultivate indigo on three-twentieths of their land.Answer
  2. Raj Kumar Shukla persuaded Mahatma Gandhi during the 1916 Lucknow session of the Indian National Congress to inspect the grievances of the peasants.Answer
  3. The movement resulted in the appointment of the official Champaran Agrarian Enquiry Committee, on which Mahatma Gandhi served as a member.Answer
  4. D
    The movement was formally merged into the Rowlatt Satyagraha following the passage of the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act.

Answer

The correct statements are those identifying the protest against the Tinkathia system, the role of Raj Kumar Shukla at the 1916 Lucknow Congress, and the formation of the Champaran Agrarian Enquiry Committee with Gandhi as a member.
The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was Mahatma Gandhi's first civil disobedience movement in India. It addressed the grievances of peasant farmers oppressed under the Tinkathia system, where planters forced peasants to grow indigo on 3/20th of their land. Raj Kumar Shukla invited Gandhi during the Lucknow INC session of 1916. After peaceful agitation and inquiry, the government set up the Champaran Agrarian Enquiry Committee with Gandhi as a member, leading to the abolition of the system.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Examine the origin and cause of the Champaran Satyagraha
The core issue was the Tinkathia system enforced by British indigo planters requiring cultivation on 3/20th of land.
Verifies the factual accuracy of the economic grievance.
2
Trace the leadership invitation and key personalities
Raj Kumar Shukla brought the Champaran issue to Gandhi's attention at the 1916 Lucknow INC session.
Verifies how Mahatma Gandhi became involved in his first civil disobedience movement in India.
3
Evaluate the administrative outcome of Gandhi's intervention
The British administration appointed the Champaran Agrarian Committee with Gandhi as a member, which recommended abolishing Tinkathia.
Demonstrates the successful conclusion of the satyagraha.
4
Analyze chronological relationship with later anti-colonial agitations
Champaran Satyagraha (1917) was an independent local movement and was not merged into the Rowlatt Satyagraha (1919).
Identifies the incorrect statement conflating distinct historical timelines.

Key Concept

Champaran Satyagraha (1917) and early local Gandhian mass movements
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Topics

Gandhian Era and Major Mass Movements

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