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Difficulty: MediumGandhian Era and Major Mass Movements

With reference to the 11-point ultimatum submitted by Mahatma Gandhi to Viceroy Lord Irwin in January 1930 prior to launching the Civil Disobedience Movement, consider the following statements:

1. It included a demand for a 50 percent reduction in land revenue.
2. It demanded the total prohibition of alcohol and intoxicants.
3. It sought the discharge of political prisoners not convicted of violent crimes.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

  1. A
    1 and 2 only
  2. B
    2 and 3 only
  3. C
    1 and 3 only
  4. 1, 2 and 3Answer

Answer

All three statements (1, 2, and 3) are correct.
In January 1930, Mahatma Gandhi published an 11-point ultimatum to Viceroy Lord Irwin in Young India as a final effort to reach an agreement before launching the Civil Disobedience Movement. The demands were divided into issues of general interest, agrarian requirements, and industrial protection. They included: 1) a 50 percent reduction in land revenue, 2) total prohibition of alcohol and intoxicants, and 3) the release of political prisoners not convicted of violent crimes. Thus, all three statements are historically correct.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the general interest and agrarian demands in Gandhi's 11-point ultimatum.
Gandhi demanded total prohibition of intoxicants, 50 percent reduction in land revenue, and abolition of the salt tax.
These points addressed broad social welfare as well as specific peasant economic grievances.
2
Examine the political and civil rights demands presented to the Viceroy.
The proposal demanded the release of all political prisoners not convicted of violence, along with reforms in civil administration and military expenditure reduction.
This targeted colonial administrative repression and sought protection of basic civil liberties.
3
Synthesize the historical validity of all three statements.
Statements 1, 2, and 3 are all accurate features of Gandhi's 11-point demands.
When Viceroy Irwin ignored this ultimatum, Mahatma Gandhi initiated the Dandi Salt March on March 12, 1930.

Key Concept

Mahatma Gandhi's 11-Point Demands (1930)
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Topics

Gandhian Era and Major Mass Movements

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